International New York Times 20131119 Asia, International New York Times
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SUZYMENKES
THE LEGACY
OF A LEGEND
PAGE 10
|
STYLE
DEEP DIVING
FATAL ATTEMPT
TO SET RECORD
PAGE 13
|
SPORTS
ROGER COHEN
A DANGEROUS
INTERREGNUM
PAGE 7
|
OPINION
SELL THE BABY?
START-UP DOUBTS
ON CASHINGOUT
PAGE 15
|
BUSINESS ASIAWITH
...
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 2013
Aid slowly arrives
for battere
d Leyte
Japan makes
sales pitch to
America for
fastest train
where a team from Doctors Without
Borders was just setting up operations.
Within an hour of their arrival, the
Doctors Without Borders team had 80
people in line for care. Emma Akerlund,
a 33-year-old Swedish obstetrician,
checked Ms. Doyola’s wound carefully
before beginning to work methodically
through the cases.
There were other signs in the interior
of an effort to begin delivering scarce
supplies. Rosaura Diola, the registered
nurse who runs the main clinic in down-
town Jaro, wore a new green uniformon
Monday afternoon and said that the
Philippines Department of Health had
just delivered a large box of medical
supplies, including antibiotics.
She said that she would be able to give
patients a full course of 21 tablets of anti-
biotics over seven days, instead of just
the three tablets that she had been ra-
tioning to each patient. ‘‘Giving them
just a few is useless,’’ she acknowledged.
But Mrs. Diola said that the clinic still
hadmany other needs that had not been
met by the box of supplies from the
health department, including gauze,
cotton balls, pain-killers, syringes and,
toughest of all, a new roof.
Raul Artoza, a 49-year-old council
member in Macanip village, nearly an
hour’s drive from downtown Jaro on a
SANTA FE, PHILIPPINES
Medical care is reaching
the Philippines, but
food remains a problem
TSURU, JAPAN
Government offers to pay
for part of route from
New York to Washington
BY KEITH BRADSHER
Rosalina Doyola, a cheerful 22-year-old
with an accounting degree and the con-
fidence of youth that life will somehow
work out after all, woke up on Monday
morning in a field hospital tent with
both her legs and still alive.
Ms. Doyola was one of two young
women with deep lacerations just below
the knee who arrived on Sunday at the
field hospital here of International
Search and Rescue Germany, a non-
profit group. Both women had received
very similar injuries during Typhoon
Haiyan and had received scant medical
care in the nine days that followed.
Doctors there assessed both women,
concluded that Ms. Doyola’s injury was
the less infected, and did a vertical su-
ture that extended six inches up her leg
and a lateral, three-inch suture. The oth-
er young woman was sent to a better-
equipped and more heavily staffed for-
eign hospital at the nearby airport in
Tacloban to have her leg amputated.
The other woman was beginning to
develop septicemia, the potentially fatal
blood poisoning that killed Richard
Pulga, a 27-year-old farmer, whose
lower right leg became infected after it
was fractured during the typhoon.
‘‘The people with sepsis died before
we got here,’’ said Peter Kaup, an anes-
thesiologist who is part of the I.S.A.R.
Germany team. ‘‘It was complicated to
get here.’’
Marco Celia, a surgeon on theGerman
team, said that the similarity of the two
young women’s injuries appeared to
have prompted one of their colleagues
to think initially that Ms. Doyola had
been referred to the airport hospital.
Medical care is finally beginning to
improve after the typhoon in the east-
central Philippines, with 62 foreign or
Filipino medical teams now working in
areas damaged by the storm.
The availability of care even began to
improve on Monday in the interior.
After Ms. Doyola woke Monday morn-
ing, the German surgical team sent her
to the public clinic in her hometown of
Santa Fe, three miles inland from Palo,
BY ERIC PFANNER
As the world’s fastest train raced
through the mountains of central Japan,
former Gov. George E. Pataki of New
York hoisted his 6-foot-5 frame into the
aisle andmarveled at the smoothness of
the ride.
‘‘In the subway I’d need a strap, at
least,’’ Mr. Pataki said as the speedo-
meter hit 500 kilometers an hour, or
about 315 miles an hour, and he hunched
over to catch a fleeting glimpse ofMount
Fuji through the porthole-like windows.
‘‘This is amazing. The future.’’
Mr. Pataki and a group of other re-
tired American politicians were in Ja-
pan on Saturday for a special test ride of
the train, which uses a technology
called magnetic levitation, or maglev, to
cruise at more than twice the 150mile an
hour top speed of Amtrak’s Acela, the
fastest train in the United States. They
are trying to bring maglev to the
crowded Northeast Corridor to speed
up travel times and ease congestion be-
tween New York andWashington.
Maglev trainswould cover the journey
of 320 kilometers in an hour, compared
with two hours and 45 minutes for Acela.
That would be considerably faster than
flying, once airport transfers are
factored in. Yet this is only the latest in a
series of high-speed train proposals for
the corridor, none of which have been
implemented since Acela, which began
service in 2000. Why would this one have
any greater chance of success?
To sweeten the deal, Japan has
offered to cover several billion dollars in
costs. The commitment of taxpayer
money is a sign of Prime Minister
Shinzo Abe’s determination to do
whatever it takes to prime the Japanese
economy and to restore Japan’s fading
reputation for technological prowess.
Japan has long been a pioneer in high-
speed rail. It introduced bullet trains, or
Shinkansen, to the world in 1964, on the
eve of the Tokyo Olympics. But others
have been catching up. France and Ger-
many developed high-speed trains that
matched the Japanese speeds. Now
China has built a high-speed network
that surpasses Japan’s in its extent.
Those are conventional high-speed
railroads, with trains traveling at a max-
imum of 330 kilometers an hour for the
Japanese and European trains, slightly
less for the Chinese ones. To stake out its
claim to leadership in a new generation
of considerably faster technology, Japan
next year plans to begin construction of
its first intercity maglev line, linking
Tokyo with Nagoya and, eventually,
Osaka. In tests, the Japanesemaglev has
reached speeds of up to 580 kilometers
an hour, the world record for a train.
‘‘It is truly a dream technology,’’ Mr.
Abe said in a speech at the New York
Stock Exchange in September.
But it could be a boondoggle unless Ja-
pan can export it. So Mr. Abe is looking
for a prominent overseas showcase.
JAPAN, PAGE 17
PHILIPPINES, PAGE 4
JES AZNAR FOR THE NEWYORK TIMES
Rosalina Doyola receiving medical care on
Monday, over a week after being injured.
CHURCH OFFERS SOLACE TO THE DISPLACED
In one town struck by Typhoon Haiyan,
a church has become home to more
than 100 people.
PAGE 4
RONI BINTANG/REUTERS
Indonesian inferno
Mount Sinabung, in North Sumatra, erupted on Monday, keeping away residents who had already been
f
orced to flee by previous rumblings. It was Indonesia’s second eruption of the day, after Mount Merapi a few hours earlier.
Plan for Syr
ian arms raises alarm
WASHINGTON
Doris Lessing, 94, recipient
of Nobel for her
visionary prose
rican bush, the teachings of Eastern
mystics and years of involvement with
grass-roots Communist groups. She em-
barked on dizzying and at times stultify-
ing literary experiments.
Indeed, ‘‘Alfred & Emily,’’ published
in the summer of 2008, is half fiction, half
memoir — on the one hand recounting
her parents’ lives as they eked out a liv-
ing on a small farm in Rhodesia and, on
the other, imagining what their lives
might have been like if World War I had
not occurred.
But it was her breakthrough novel,
‘‘The Golden Notebook,’’ a structurally
battlegrounds in the country’s civil war
and loading themonto a ship that has no
place to go.
Security for the shipments is being
provided entirely by Syrian military
units loyal to President Bashar al-As-
sad, who has surprised American offi-
cials with how speedily he has complied
with an agreement brokered by Russia
to identify and turn over his chemical
weapon stockpiles. Intelligence ana-
lysts and Pentagon officials say the
shipments will be vulnerable to attack
as they travel past the ruins of a war
that has raged for two and a half years.
Asked over the weekend what the
backup plan would be if the chemical
weapons components were attacked by
opposition forces linked to Al Qaeda, or
even elements of Mr. Assad’s own
forces, a senior American official said:
‘‘That’s the problem — no one has at-
tempted this before in a civil war, and no
one is willing to put troops on the
ground to protect this stuff, including
us.’’
Another official noted that the choice
now facing the United States and other
nations was to ‘‘either leave the stuff in
place and hope for the best, or account
for it, get it out of there, and hope for the
best. That’s the ‘least worst’ option.’’
A range of current and former admin-
istration and Pentagon officials dis-
cussed the risks of moving the Syrian
Pentagon sees weapons
as vulnerable to attack
as they travel in war zone
BY HELEN T. VERONGOS
Doris Lessing, the uninhibited and out-
spoken novelist who was awarded the
2007 Nobel Prize for a lifetime of writing
that shattered convention, both social
and artistic, died on Sunday at her home
in London. She was 94.
BY DAVID E. SANGER,
THOM SHANKER
AND ERIC SCHMITT
A plan announced over the weekend for
getting the bulk of Syria’s chemical
weapons out of the country in coming
weeks has raised major concerns in
Washington, because it involves trans-
porting the weapons over roads that are
OBITUARY
Her death was confirmed by her pub-
lisher, HarperCollins.
Ms. Lessing produced dozens of nov-
els, short stories, essays and poems,
drawing on a childhood in the central Af-
SYRIA, PAGE 5
LESSING, PAGE 8
INSIDE TODAY’S PAPER
ONLINE AT INYT.COM
At high heart risk? Check again
An online calculator meant to help
doctors assess risks for high cholesterol
could mistakenly suggest that millions
more people are candidates for statin
drugs.
WORLDNEWS, 5
Cheney family feud goes public
A spat between two daughters of Dick
Cheney, the former United States vice
president, is unfolding in social media,
a high-profile election and the debate
over same-sex unions.
nytimes.com/us
Jury selection for fund manager
Jury selection was scheduled to begin
in the trial of Michael S. Steinberg, the
most senior employee at the hedge
fund SAC Capital Advisors indicted in
insider trading.
inyt.com/business
President reflects on Georgia
In the waning days of his presidency,
Mikheil Saakashvili said that Georgia
was closer to becoming an established
democracy.
nytimes.com/europe
Racism charges follow St. Nicholas
Critics have denounced as racist the
Dutch tradition of St. Nicholas, who
rides into cities each year with hundreds
of Black Petes.
nytimes.com/europe
Afghan-U.S. talks hit impasse
The high-level talks are stalled on the
Americans’ insistence that United States
troops retain the right to enter local
residences during raids.
WORLDNEWS, 5
Musharraf faces treason charges
In a groundbreaking assertion of civilian
authority, Pakistan is planning on
pursuing charges against a former ruler,
Gen. Pervez Musharraf.
WORLDNEWS, 5
BESTIMAGE/PARIS MATCH/FAMEFLYNET
ART HOARDER
Cornelius Gurlitt, whose Munich home was full of paintings and drawings ob-
tained by his father, a Nazi-era dealer, says their confiscation devastated him.
WORLD NEWS, 8
Europe needs Ukraine
It’s definitely not too late for the
European Union to decisively support
Ukraine’s efforts to join the club, writes
Slawomir Sierakowski.
OPINION, 7
Analysts hail China overhaul plan
The release of a longer outline has
swept away the ambiguity seen in the
initial communiqué.
BUSINESS, 15
Disney’s tough road to mobile gold
Disney is struggling to find a way to
make money from its ‘‘free’’
smartphone games.
BUSINESS, 15
NEWSSTAND PRICES
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IN THIS ISSUE
No. 40,649
Business 15
Crossword 14
Culture 9
Opinion 6
Sports 13
Style 10
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TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 2013
INTERNATIONAL NEW YORK TIMES
page two
IN YOUR WORDS
A loner’s view of the world
Oligarch
finds a new
vocation
Pets to comfort jittery fliers
I’m skeptical of this, having encountered
one of these people on a flight from San
Francisco to L.A. I love dogs, am a dog
owner, so it wasn’t a big deal to me, but I
couldn’t help thinking of other passengers
who might not be so enthusiastic. Many
people are afraid of dogs due to bad
experiences. What if they are also a
panicky flier and the sight of a dog sends
them over the edge midflight or just before
takeoff? Whose neuroses take precedent?
I’m only half kidding.
AMERICANOVERSEAS,
PARIS
People are learning what lawyers and
judges have always known. . . . Anything is
arguable. We need to learn to use the
phrase ‘‘weighing of competing interests’’
more. When rights clash . . . we have to
look at which right has a greater interest.
Right to smoke vs. right to breathe clean
air. Right to be free from pet dander on a
flight vs. right to have your pet comfort you
on a flight.
DAVE HERRINGTON,
Celestine
Bohlen
LETTER FROM EUROPE
MOSCOW
In Russian terms, Aleksandr
Y. Lebedev is down but not out. The
boxing metaphor is particularly apt for
the 53-year-old businessman whose
troubles got worse in 2011 when he took
a swing at a fellow guest on a Russian
TV talk show, a bit of bravado that last
July earned him a conviction on bat-
tery charges and a sentence of 150
hours of community service.
But at least he’s not in jail, which
could have happened had the original
and bizarre charge of ‘‘hooliganism
motivated by political hatred’’ stuck.
Still, Mr. Lebedev is no longer the bil-
lionaire Forbes magazine once said he
was. His bank, National Reserve Bank,
has been gutted. His airline, Red
Wings, was sold off for a ruble. By his
count, some 500 scurrilous articles
about him were circulated on the Rus-
sian Internet, all part of a skilled
‘‘black P.R.’’ campaign.
He has even openly questioned
whether he c
an still afford to prop up
his news media prop-
erties — The Inde-
pendent and The
London Evening
Standard in Britain,
and Novaya Gazeta,
the feisty twice-
weekly Moscow
newspaper that con-
tinues to criticize and
investigate malfeasance in President
Vladimir V. Putin’s Russia.
Despite his woes, Mr. Lebedev has
kept his elegant swagger and remains
in fighting form. He still owns what he
says is the largest potato farm in
Europe, near the legendary estate of
the Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy in the
region of Tula, where he will serve out
his sentence, repairing kindergartens.
But he is less interested in spuds
than in his new job — the head of
Novaya Gazeta’s investigative unit, a
convenient platform for his campaign
against ‘‘dirty money,’’ some $25 tril-
lion in illicit profits now washing, un-
checked and untaxed, through the glob-
al financial system.
Of this figure (provided by the Tax
Justice Network, an independent
group), some $700 billion has been
taken illegally out of Russia over the
last 10 years. Among those who have
profited from embezzlement, fraud and
outright theft are those whomMr.
Lebedev blames for his problems.
‘‘All the Western world thinks the
Kremlin was behind these attacks, but
not me,’’ said Mr. Lebedev, who has
supported the opposition to Mr. Putin.
‘‘It was the doing of an organized band
of thugs.’’ Interviewed last month in
his offices in a restored Moscow man-
sion, Mr. Lebedev said he began inves-
tigating fraud in Russian banks and
businesses long ago. ‘‘I took cover as a
banker,’’ he said with a smile.
He did it because nobody else in Rus-
sia was doing it. ‘‘Not the Central Bank,
not the police, no one,’’ he said. ‘‘It’s in-
credible.’’ Actually, he got his first ex-
perience exploring the dark corners of
capitalism as a K.G.B. agent in London
in the early 1980s, when Yuri Andropov,
then chief of Soviet intelligence, de-
cided to go outside the ideologically
bound Soviet academic world to find
out how the West had become so rich.
‘‘Andropov knew certain things,’’ Mr.
Lebedev said. ‘‘He knew capitalism
wasn’t going to collapse.’’ Mr. Lebedev
doesn’t like to consider himself one of
the ‘‘oligarchs,’’ the word used for Rus-
sia’s superrich, whom he dismisses as
uncouth and greedy.
In any case, the term no longer ap-
plies. ‘‘I’m not an oligarch because I
ran out of steam,’’ he said. ‘‘Besides, I
don’t want to be burdened by business
interests, which could be seen as a con-
flict of interest. I’m just a normal
deputy editor.’’ In his new role, Mr.
Lebedev has already struck out in
search of allies, first with a letter last
September to the Group of 20 nations
outlining the destabilizing effects of
‘‘dirty money.’’ To his appeal, Mr.
Lebedev added a laundry list of unex-
amined cases of fraud and embezzle-
ment at a dozen Russian banks, togeth-
er with, in each case, an estimate of the
amount of money — nothing under $1
billion — siphoned off by corrupt man-
agers, many of whom have taken
refuge in the West.
Curiously, the only response he’s re-
ceived so far from the world’s 20 most
powerful governments came from Rus-
sia. It was a pro forma letter, but at
least it was something. ‘‘I want to be
seen as looking to the Kremlin as an
ally,’’ he said. ‘‘They may help.’’
EMAIL:
pagetwo@nytimes.com
COLUMBUS, OHIO
Climate change and inequality
The situation requires a coordinated effort
that addresses both climate change and
overpopulation. . . . Let us take
unconditional steps in the right direction
toward climate change—an internationally
enforced greenhouse gas tax and cap-and-
trade—without forcing countries to cede
national sovereignty and accept millions
more economic and religious refugees from
around the world. This will be both morally
and politically more palatable.
PLATO,
PA.
Not our fault, but we’re not helping when
we’re cutting family planning assistance, or
with aid programs designed to mostly
benefit domestic producers and shippers,
or by failing to use our wealth to perfect
and encourage nonfossil energy sources.
RICHARD SCHUMACHER,
UNITED STATES
‘‘The Western
world thinks
the Kremlin
was behind
these attacks,
but not me.’’
VIVIANMAIER/MALOOF COLLECTION, COURTESY HOWARD GREENBERG GALLERY, NEWYORK
STREET VIEW
An
exhibition until
June 1 at the Chât-
eau de Tours by the
Jeu de Paume in
partnership with the
city of Tours is the
largest show in
France devoted to
Vivian Maier, the ar-
chetypal self-taught
photographer. Liv-
ing in New York and
Chicago, she took
more than 120,000
photos over 30
years, beginning in
1951, and showed
them to just a hand-
ful of people. She
earned her living as
a governess, but all
her free time was
spent with a camera.
See what readers are talking about and
leave your own comments at
inyt.com
IN OUR PAGES
1888 Canvasback Season Returns
NEWYORK
There is not a gourmet in
New York who is not delighted when the
moon rolls around to the canvasback
duck season, and just now the delicious
fowl is the principal drawing card at the
fashionable restaurants. But many New
Yorkers have long since tired of simply
eating canvasbacks and shooting clubs
have been established in game seasons.
1938 Struggling to Marry in France
PARIS
French women, world-renowned
for their beauty and the qualities which
make good wives, don’t always rate with
the men. A woman of seventy-six, for in-
stance, has only one-tenth of 1 per cent
of a chance of finding a husband, while a
year later, her chances are nil. This is
the conclusion to which Pierre Depoids,
statistician, has come after a thorough
study of vital statistics in France. The
French woman does better in her earlier
years, however. Chances are 78 out of
100 that the newborn girl baby will
marry sometime during her life.
ON THE EDGE
Some photos are
obviously furtively
taken snapshots,
while others bear
witness to a real en-
counter between
the photographer
and her models.
She painted a some-
what disturbing
portrait of America
with her photos of
homeless people
and people living on
the fringe of society.
Find a retrospective of news from 1887 to
2013 in The International Herald Tribune
at
iht-retrospective.blogs.nytimes.com
Suzanne Bianchi, 61; analyzed families
dramatically without a negative effect
on the time mothers spend with chil-
dren?’’ Professor Bianchi asked.
They got less sleep, she said, and did
less housekeeping, worked flexible
hours, turned down promotions, were
more likely to take the children to work
when the babysitter did not showup, cut
back on exercise and entertainment,
watched less TV, and gave less personal
attention to their partners.
The fathers of the ’90s spent more
time with their children and did more
housework than fathers of the previous
generation, Professor Bianchi added.
But women did more of the work in the
house andmost of the schedule juggling.
‘‘The changed allocation of time in two-
parent families is primarily a change in
women’s allocation of time,’’ she said.
The first of her seven books, ‘‘Ameri-
can Women in Transition’’ (1986), with
Daphne Spain, was based on a mono-
graph she wrote as a demographic stat-
istician for the Census Bureau, where
she worked from 1978 until 1994. It
chronicled the tidal social changes that
affected women between World War II
and the 1980 census: rising rates of col-
lege graduation and paid employment,
delayed marriage and declining fertility
rates, among others. The original mono-
graph was one of the first ever pub-
lished by the bureau specifically about
women in the economy.
In ‘‘Balancing Act:Motherhood, Mar-
riage and Employment Among Ameri-
can Women’’ (1996), also with Ms.
Spain, Professor Bianchi traced the ef-
BY PAUL VITELLO
Suzanne M. Bianchi, a social scientist
who explored the changing landscape of
late-20th-centuryAmerican families, tra-
cing how divorce, the shrinking gender
gap and women’s careers affected chil-
dren, parents and their households (‘‘Is
OBITUARY
Anyone
Doing the Housework?’’ was the
title of one of her papers), died on Nov. 4
in SantaMonica, Calif. She was 61.
The causewas pancreatic cancer, said
her husband, Mark Browning.
Professor Bianchi, who was on the
faculty of the University of California,
Los Angeles, was best known among
demographers for mining ‘‘time use’’
surveys — data on how, where and with
whom people spend time — to study
how parents balance the demands of
work and family.
Her most influential finding — that
working mothers of the 1990s spent as
much time with their children as stay-
at-home mothers of the 1960s did, or
more — upended conventional wisdom
suggesting that women with careers
were shortchanging their children.
Working mothers clocked an average
of 30 hours a week on the job, but man-
aged somehow to match the ’60s-era
homemakers’ average weekly total of
hands-on, close-contact time with their
children: 12 hours.
‘‘How could the time allocation of our
family caregivers, women, change so
Suzanne Bianchi studied how parents bal-
ance the demands of work and children.
fect of the birth control pill, the women’s
movement and an explosion in career
opportunities on women’s traditional
roles as wife and mother. Among many
effects, she said, a boom in single par-
enthood was one of the most profound.
Interviewed in 2007 on National Pub-
lic Radio about her time-use research,
Professor Bianchi reviewed the various
ways working parents made time for
their children: staggering work shifts,
dining on takeout, giving themmost pa-
rental attention on weekends.
The interviewer brought up another
strategy, which Professor Bianchi had
described in a 2000 paper, ‘‘Is
Anyone
Doing the Housework? Trends in the
Gender Division of Household Labor.’’
‘‘There’s just a lot less housework be-
ing done,’’ Professor Bianchi confirmed,
adding, ‘‘Houses may be dirtier.’’
KEEPERS OF THE
OCEANS’ CROWN JEWELS
UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE
The 46 marine sites on the World Heritage List collectively
account for a quarter, by surface area, of the world’s marine
protected areas. In addition to their intrinsic value to humanity,
they also provide a model for global conservation of the oceans.
Read about it on Thursday in the International New York Times.
..
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 2013
|
3
INTERNATIONAL NEW YORK TIMES
FLYING TOURBILLON
Limited edition of 20 numbered pieces. 18-carat white gold, set with 228 diamonds (
~
7.7 carats).
...
4
|
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 2013
INTERNATIONAL NEW YORK TIMES
World News
asia-pacific
BRIEFLY
Asia-Pacific
BEIJING
State-backed church’s pastor
is detained in central China
The police in a central Chinese city
have detained a Christian pastor and
about 20 churchgoers in a crackdown
on a state-backed church involved in a
local land dispute, relatives of the reli-
gious leader saidMonday.
Relatives of the pastor, Zhang
Shaojie, said he was taken away from
his church in Puyang, Henan Province,
on Saturday by the police, who
provided no identification or basis for
the detention. The police also took
away around 20 others, includingMr.
Zhang’s two sisters, said Sun Zhulei,
Mr. Zhang’s son-in-law.
The crackdown is unusual for a state-
approved church. China’s government
allows worship only in such churches,
while unregistered congregations tend
to be subject to harassment. But church
leaders have been involved in a land
dispute with the local authorities. Calls
to local police and government offices
rang unanswered.
(AP)
CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA
Spies said to have tried to tap
Indonesian president’s phone
Indonesia’s president, Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono, recalled his ambassador
fromAustralia onMonday and ordered
a review of bilateral cooperation after
news reports said an Australian securi-
ty agency tried to listen to his cell-
phone in 2009.
The Australian Broadcasting Corpo-
ration and The Guardian reported on
Monday that they had documents from
the former American National Security
Agency contractor Edward J. Snowden
that showed that the agency also tar-
geted the phones of the Indonesian first
lady, Kristiani Herawati, as well as
eight other government ministers and
officials. The documents reportedly
showed that the Australian Defense
Signals Directorate, now the top-secret
Australian Signals Directorate, tried to
listen to the president’s phone conver-
sations on at least one occasion and
tracked activity on the phone for 15
days in August 2009.
The Australian prime minister, Tony
Abbott, refused to comment onMonday
on the news reports. Mr. Abbott was not
in the government in 2009.
(AP)
PHOTOGRAPHS BY SERGEY PONOMAREV FOR THE NEWYORK TIMES
Saint Michael the Archangel Church in the Philippine town of Basey on Monday. Over 100 people who lost their homes in Typhoon Haiyan are now staying at the church, sleeping on wet pews and waiting for the next food shipment.
Church offers solace, and a place to sleep
teams from the Metro Manila Develop-
ment Authority.
At the church, a runners’ club from
Samar handed out 6.5-pound bags of
rice, crackers and bottles of water to a
line of people that streamed out the
front door.
It is not the first time this town’s Ro-
man Catholic church with the limestone
walls and wide buttresses has been
called on to house the homeless. First
built by Jesuits in 1656, the church was
largely destroyed by a typhoon in 1880.
After the Japanese occupation during
World War II, it served as a refugee
camp.
The church, which sits on a hill over-
looks the badly damaged downtown,
avoided destruction. But signs of dam-
age are everywhere. The force of the
storm blew out a stained-glass window
in the south wall of the chancel. It lies
toppled over, the leading holding to-
gether its colored panes.
The corrugated metal roof, with de-
tailed murals showing the Tower of Ba-
bel, Catholic saints and a scene from
Revelations, has been riddled with coin-
sized holes that allow in rain and thin
shafts of light.
The red stone floor is slick with rain-
water. The wooden pews are wet and
warped, their knee rests now used as
head rests for reclining evacuees. Water
and food containers, pots, pans and
bags of clothes line the pews. Dogs sleep
on the floor.
Outside, food is cooked over open
fires, clothes dry on lines hung between
palm trees, and piles of bottles and trash
climb high. The bathroom is awall in the
church yard.
The Rev. Gil Cabujat, 44, says the
church is willing to house the homeless.
But he sounded a note of frustration. He
said many of the churches’ new tenants
slept through the daily 6 a.m. Mass.
‘‘They’re welcome to stay, but we ask
them, if they’re able to start rebuilding,
they should,’’ Father Cabujat said. ‘‘We
can’t start rebuilding until they leave.’’
Robert Gonzaga contributed reporting.
BASEY, THE PHILIPPINES
Residents find refuge
in damaged building
as they await more aid
BY AUSTIN RAMZY
When Typhoon Haiyan hit this coastal
town, residents ran for Saint Michael
the Archangel Church.
Now, 10 days later, more than 100 of
them remain.
‘‘I was in my house, but it was de-
stroyed,’’ said Belen Cabonce, 87. ‘‘We
ran for higher ground, and this was it.
Some people stayed in houses trying to
hold on, but most of them came here.’’
She has lived here ever since, sleep-
ing on a wet pew, wondering when the
next shipment of relief goodswill arrive.
She has not heard fromher two children
in Tacloban, the city that lost more than
800 people in the storm, since the
typhoon hit on Nov. 8.
‘‘Please give me aid,’’ Ms. Cabonce
said. ‘‘I’m alone.’’
As the Philippines begins to clean up
after the worst typhoon in memory, it is
faced with a huge problem of feeding
and housing its displaced population.
The government says that about four
million people have been displaced,
with some 350,000 living in about 1,500
evacuation centers.
‘‘The evacuation centers are an in-
creasing concern,’’ said Matthew Co-
chrane, spokesman for the United Na-
tions Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs.
Places like the Tacloban City Conven-
tion Center, an indoor basketball stadi-
um that is now home to about 2,500
people who lost their homes in the
storm, are straining under the lack of
sanitation and basic supplies.
‘‘People are living in squalid condi-
tions in need of as much support as they
can get,’’ Mr. Cochrane said.
About 2.5 million people also require
food aid, he said, adding, ‘‘The most
DINUKA LIYANAWATTE/REUTERS
‘‘All governments gather information,’’ said
Prime Minister Tony Abbott of Australia.
KANDAHAR, AFGHANISTAN
Roadside explosion kills
2 children on shopping trip
A roadside bomb killed two children in
southern Afghanistan onMonday,
while six bodies found the day before in
the restive region were identified as
police officers and not laborers, as was
initially reported.
The confusion arose because the bod-
ies found in Kandahar Province were in
civilian clothes, saidMohammad Jan
Rasoolyar, deputy governor of neigh-
boring Zabul Province. The police of-
ficers had disappeared several days
earlier from Zabul.
InMonday’s explosion, the two chil-
dren died when their family’s vehicle hit
a roadside bomb, Mr. Rasoolyar said.
The family was traveling to the Zabul
provincial capital, Qalat, to go shopping.
The father was wounded along with a
third child, Mr. Rasoolyar said.
(AP)
TOKYO
Fuel rod removal begins
at crippled nuclear plant
Workers began removing radioactive
fuel rods onMonday from one of four
reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nu-
clear power plant, the Tokyo Electric
Power Company said. The painstaking
and risky task is a crucial first step to-
ward a full cleanup of the earthquake-
and tsunami-damaged plant, in north-
eastern Japan.
Unit 4 was offline at the time of the
disaster, which happened inMarch
2011, so its core did not melt down as
three others’ did. But hydrogen explo-
sions blew the roof off the building and
weakened the structure, leaving it vul-
nerable to earthquakes. Tokyo Electric
has since reinforced the building, but
experts say keeping so many fuel rods
in a storage pool in the building still
poses a major safety risk.
Tokyo Electric has built a huge steel
structure next to and partly over Unit 4
to mount cranes for the operation. It
will take at least until the end of 2014 to
finish moving the 1,533 sets of fuel rods
to a safer location. Each set includes
about 60 to 80 rods. Six workers safely
stored four sets of fuel rods in a cask on
Monday, a spokesman said. No prob-
lems were reported.
(AP)
A damaged statue of John the Baptist inside the church. The storm displaced about four million people, the Philippine government says.
pressing need is food.’’
Basey’s mayor, Junji Ponferrada, 43,
estimates that the typhoon damaged or
destroyed the homes of one-third of the
population of this city of 51,000 in Samar
Province. He struggles to feed and
house them all.
‘‘People are saying, ‘We don’t want a
message of hope. We want food,’ ’’ he
said.
The Basey District Hospital, which
sits on a hill in the city facing the church,
suffered extensive damage in the storm.
But a few rooms survived, allowing the
primary care hospital to provide basic
services, like delivering babies and
treating diarrhea caused by unclean
water, said Dr. Jessamine Elona, 33. A
team of Japanese doctors has helped
treat cuts and wounds caused by flying
debris during the storm.
Pacquito Manog, 60, a farmer in the
village of Iba, which is part of Basey,
said Typhoon Haiyan badly damaged
his rice crop, leaving him with only 10
percent of his anticipated yield.
‘‘We will try again next season,’’ he
said. ‘‘We will start planting next month
for harvest in April, if we have enough
money to pay for seeds.’’
In the nearby village of Magallanes,
some 75 people stood by the side of the
road waiting for a promised delivery of
food. They put up large, handmade
signs with the name of their neighbor-
hood, and held tickets with the face of
Egay Tallado, the governor of Camar-
ines Norte Province, which was provid-
ing the aid.
‘‘We weren’t given a specific time, we
were just told to wait,’’ said Victoria Ca-
jara, 51, a Magallanes village councilor
who had been by the roadside for four
hours.
Mr. Ponferrada, the mayor, said other
towns and provinces had been the chief
suppliers of aid to this city, where 191
died in the storm and 39 are missing. In
the basketball stadium, a medical team
from Camarines Sur Province offered
medicines and minor surgery.
A group from the city of Valenzuela in
Metro Manila arrived on Monday after
driving five days and scouted ways to
distribute its five truckloads of goods
and where to station five doctors.
As Mr. Ponferrada cleaned mud and
trash from his waterfront office, four
trucks from the Japan International Co-
operation Agency arrived with 77
bundles of plastic, each 165 feet long, for
building basic tents.
A few hours earlier, the trucks would
not have been able to squeeze onto the
narrow waterfront drive, which had
only recently been cleared of debris by
Medical care reaches more victims, but food is still a hurdle
PHILIPPINES, FROMPAGE 1
dirt road through shattered coconut
palm forests, said that two vanloads of
aid workers from nonprofit groups had
showed up by lunchtime to offer assist-
ance. Aid workers in one of the vans left
behind six boxes of anti-diarrhea medi-
cine, and after an initial assessment of
the village’s needs both groups prom-
ised to come back, Mr. Artoza said.
Many shortfalls in humanitarian as-
sistance remain, however. In Malobago
village, another town deep in the
coconut palm forests of Leyte Island’s
interior, Marissa Tañada, a 32-year-old
resident, said that no food supplies had
arrived yet and that medical supplies
were still nonexistent.
‘‘Every time a helicopter passes, we
try to wave for help,’’ she said on Mon-
day afternoon. ‘‘Many here have stepped
on nails, and we have no medicine.’’
The most chaotic scenes continue to
be in Tacloban itself, the provincial cap-
ital of Leyte. A large freight truck with
soldiers aboard parked at 2 p.m. on
Monday on themain coastal road in Tac-
loban to distribute sacks of rice to each
household in the neighborhood, only for
an often unruly crowd to form as mostly
young people cut in line and some came
back again and again.
Older residents and the less aggres-
sive found themselves standing at the
back of a crowd that barely seemed to
move forward. Four hours later, the
soldiers halted the distribution of food
and drove off, only to be chased
through the streets for more than a
block by a crowd of the desperate and
hungry.
Violata Dimaganpe, a 42-year-old res-
ident, joined the line at 2 and never
reached the front of it. She received
nothing. ‘‘There’s no order, that’s why
it’s so slow,’’ she complained as the sol-
diers finished up the food distribution.
As for Miss Doyola, she remained
surprised on Monday that the deep
gouges on her left leg that had received
minimal treatment for nearly a week
and a half had been potentially life-
threatening. ‘‘I didn’t know it was so se-
rious,’’ she said.
PHILIPPINES
HILIP
HILIP
Pacific
Ocean
Manila
MM
BILIRAN
BI
SAMAR
Car
igara
Bay
D
D
Detail
Detai
tai
Santa
S
FF
Tunga
Jaro
Tac lobban
Tac ba
pond
ond
ond
ondan
Quinapondan
p
Palo
Guiuan
G
Leyte
Gulf
LEYT
E
Path of
Typhoon Haiyan
30
0km
..
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 2013
|
5
INTERNATIONAL NEW YORK TIMES
asia united states middle east
world news
Afghan-U.S. talks
stall ahead
of vote
KABUL, AFGHANISTAN
The Afghans said that if Washington
kept insisting that American troops be al-
lowed to enter Afghan homes, theywould
present two versions of the disputed
clause to the loya jirga: one with the
American position and another with the
Afghan government’s position.
But one official acknowledged that
the loya jirga would almost certainly re-
ject the agreement with the American
wording, which would make it all but
impossible politically for Mr. Karzai to
make a subsequent deal.
The two sides have also not reached
agreement onwhether American troops
will be immune from prosecution under
Afghan law, but Mr. Karzai is willing to
try to persuade the loya jirga to accept
that, one of the Afghan officials said.
In a negotiating session Saturday
evening, Mr. Karzai told Mr. Cunning-
ham and General Dunford that he was
unwilling to compromise further, and
they said they would go back to Wash-
ington to see whether there was any
more flexibility there, according to one
of the officials, who has direct knowl-
edge of the negotiations.
The three negotiators reconvened on
Sunday, and General Dunford proposed
to modify the wording of the agreement
to say that troops would only enter
homes ‘‘on extraordinary occasions,’’
the same official said.
Mr. Karzai responded that ‘‘in no way
will you be allowed to go into Afghan
homes,’’ the official said. ‘‘If that is
needed, show us your intelligence and
we will go in alone.’’
American officialswant a force to stay
in Afghanistan after the current combat
mission ends on Dec. 31, 2014, mostly to
train and provide logistical assistance
to Afghan forces. But they also want the
right to keep a small number of special
operations forces there in order to pur-
sue remnants of Al Qaeda, and they feel
that without the ability to conduct raids
on Afghan homes, those forces could not
carry out their mission.
While the agreement being negotiat-
ed is not believed to explicitly include
the $4 billion per year pledged by the
American government to finance
Afghan security forces after 2014, it is
highly likely that the absence of a secu-
rity agreement would imperil that aid.
Both sides want an agreement before
the loya jirga, and a deal seemed nearer
after Secretary of State John Kerry and
Mr. Karzai met last month.
However, American officials, includ-
ing Mr. Cunningham, acknowledged in
October that ‘‘technical issues’’ re-
mained, and the Afghan officials said
thatMr. Kerry andMr. Karzai had never
reached a final agreement on the issues
of immunity or home raids.
Rod Nordland reported fromKabul, Af-
ghanistan, and Matthew Rosenberg
fromWashington. Jawad Sukhanyar
contributed reporting fromKabul.
Impasse as Americans
insist on keeping right to
enter homes during raids
BY ROD NORDLAND
ANDMATTHEW ROSENBERG
Despite recent optimism about talks
over a future American military pres-
ence here, two senior Afghan officials
say the negotiations are at a profound
impasse, days before an Afghan grand
council is scheduled tomeet to seek pop-
ular support for a deal.
The officials said on Sunday that both
sides had refused to budge on American
negotiators’ insistence that United
States troops retain the right, at least in
some form, to enter Afghan homes —
something President Hamid Karzai has
openly opposed for years.
A senior American official inWashing-
ton said he ‘‘would not characterize re-
maining differences as an impasse.’’ He
emphasized that the talks were continu-
ing and that it was normal for such nego-
tiations to run until the last moment.
‘‘Not only Karzai but a broad section of
Afghanistan’s political leadership want
to reach an agreement,’’ said the official,
who spoke on the condition of anonym-
ity to discuss delicate negotiations.
Just a day earlier, on Saturday, Mr.
Karzai said at a news conference that
the two sides had agreed on the wording
of an accord. He added, though, that un-
til the day of the grand council meeting,
or loya jirga, this week, ‘‘we will still
continue our negotiations.’’
Offstage, however, American raids
continued to be a point of deadlock, ac-
cording to the Afghan officials, who
spoke on the condition of anonymity be-
cause the negotiations were continuing.
In recent days, the talks have been led on
theAfghan side byMr. Karzai, and on the
American side by Ambassador James B.
Cunningham and the military coalition
commander, Gen. Joseph F. Dunford Jr.
The Afghan officials said Mr. Karzai
would not change his position before
Thursday’s loya jirga, to which 3,000 of-
ficials, elders and notables from around
the country have been invited to ratify
or reject the security agreement.
The officials appeared eager to com-
municate their position publicly, if anon-
ymously, and some observers suggest-
ed the talk of a deadlock was simply a
last-minute negotiating ploy.
‘‘We don’t do it that way,’’ one Amer-
ican official said. ‘‘We are not negotiat-
ing in public.’’
Another official from the American-
led coalition said he believed Mr. Karzai
was trying to please hard-liners within
his administration. ‘‘We’re not panick-
ing,’’ the official said, but he added that
public ultimatums could derail the talks.
JESSIE STARKEY/NEWS-GAZETTE VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
Storms batter Midwest
A tornado west of Flatville, Ill. A wave of thunderstorms brought damaging winds and tornadoes affecting 12 states, mostly in the Midwest.
At least six people were killed in Illinois, and in Chicago, Soldier Field was emptied and a National Football League game delayed two hours.
nytimes.com/national
At high heart risk? Check again
it was a major step forward, and that the
guidelines already say patients and doc-
tors should discuss treatment options
rather than blindly follow a calculator.
Dr. Sidney Smith, the executive chair-
man of the guidelines committee, said
the associations would examine the
flaws found in the calculator and deter-
mine whether changes were needed.
‘‘We need to see if the concerns raised
are substantive,’’ he said by telephone on
Sunday. ‘‘Do there need to be changes?’’
The problems were identified by two
Harvard Medical School professors
whose findings will be published Tues-
day in a commentary in The Lancet, a
major medical journal. The professors,
Dr. Paul M. Ridker and Dr. Nancy Cook,
had pointed out the problems a year
earlier when the National Institutes of
Health’s National Heart, Lung, and
Blood Institute, which originally was de-
veloping the guidelines, sent a draft to
each professor independently to review.
Both reported back that the calculator
was not working among the populations
it was tested on by the guideline makers.
That was unfortunate because the
committee thought the researchers had
been given the professors’ responses,
said Dr. Donald Lloyd-Jones, co-chair-
man of the guidelines task force and
chairman of the department of prevent-
ive medicine at Northwestern Universi-
ty in Illinois.
Dr. Ridker and Dr. Cook saw the final
guidelines and risk calculator last Tues-
day at 4 p.m., when a news embargowas
lifted, and saw that the problems re-
mained. On Saturday night, members of
the association and the college of cardi-
ology held a hastily called closed-door
meetingwithDr. Ridker, who directs the
Center for Cardiovascular Disease Pre-
vention at Brigham and Women’s Hos-
pital in Boston. He showed them his
data and pointed out the problem. On
Sunday, officials from the organizations
struggled with how to respond.
Other experts said there had not been
a real appreciation of the difficulties
with this and other risk calculators. ‘‘I
don’t think people have a good idea of
what needs to be done,’’ saidDr.Michael
Blaha, director of clinical research at the
Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of
Heart Disease at JohnsHopkinsUniver-
sity in Maryland, who was not associ-
ated with forming the new guidelines.
Dr. Blaha said the problemmight have
stemmed from the fact that the calculator
uses as reference points data collected
more than a decade ago, when more
people smoked and had strokes and
heart attacks earlier in life. For example,
the guideline makers used data from
studies in the 1990s to determine how
various risk factors like cholesterol levels
and blood pressure led to actual heart at-
tacks and strokes over a decade of obser-
vation. But people have changed in the
past few decades, Dr. Blaha said. Among
other things, there is no longer such a big
gap between women’s risks and those of
men at a given age. And people get heart
attacks and strokes at older ages.
This week, after they saw the
guidelines and the calculator, Dr. Ridker
and Dr. Cook evaluated it using three
large studies that involved thousands of
people and continued for at least a de-
cade. They knew the subjects’ charac-
teristics at the start — their ages,
whether they smoked, their cholesterol
levels, their blood pressures. Then they
asked how many had heart attacks or
strokes in the next 10 years and how
many would the risk calculator predict.
The answer was that the calculator
overpredicted risk by 75 to 150 percent,
depending on the population. A man
whose risk was 4 percent, for example,
might show up as having an 8 percent
risk. With a 4 percent risk, he would not
warrant treatment — the guidelines say
treatment is advised for those with at
least a 7.5 percent risk and that treat-
ment can be considered for those whose
risk is 5 percent.
‘‘Miscalibration to this extent should
be reconciled and addressed before
these new prediction models are widely
implemented,’’ Dr. Ridker and Dr. Cook
wrote in The Lancet.
In a response on Sunday, Dr. Smith of
the guidelines committee said the con-
cerns raised by Dr. Cook and Dr. Ridker
‘‘merit attention.’’ But, he said, ‘‘a lot of
people put a lot of thought into how can
we identify people who can benefit from
therapy.’’ Further, said Dr. Smith, who is
also a professor of medicine at the Uni-
versity of North Carolina and a past
president of the American Heart Associ-
ation, ‘‘What we have come forward
with represents the best efforts of people
who have been working for five years.’’
New cholesterol rules
come with calculator that
seems to overstate danger
BY GINA KOLATA
Last week, the leading American heart
organizations released a sweeping new
set of guidelines for lowering cholester-
ol, alongwith an online calculatormeant
to help doctors assess risks and treat-
ment options. But, in a major embar-
rassment to the health groups, the cal-
culator appears to greatly overestimate
risk, so much so that it couldmistakenly
suggest that millions more people are
candidates for statin drugs.
The apparent problem prompted one
leading cardiologist, a past president of
the American College of Cardiology, to
call on Sunday for a halt to the imple-
mentation of the new guidelines.
‘‘It’s stunning,’’ said the cardiologist,
Dr. Steven Nissen, chief of cardiovascu-
lar medicine at the Cleveland Clinic.
‘‘We need a pause to further evaluate
this approach before it is implemented
on a widespread basis.’’
The controversy set off turmoil at the
annual meeting of the American Heart
Association, which started over the
weekend in Dallas. After an emergency
session on Saturday night, the two organ-
izations that published the guidelines —
the American Heart Association and the
American College of Cardiology — said
that while the calculator was not perfect,
Pakistan seeks to charge
Musharraf wi
th treason
ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
BY SALMANMASOOD
Pakistan’s government says that it is
initiating a treason prosecution of the
country’s former ruler, Gen. Pervez
Musharraf, in what would be a ground-
breaking, if politically charged, asser-
tion of civilian supremacy over the
powerful Pakistani military.
Interior Minister Chaudhry Nisar Ali
Khan said on Sunday that the govern-
ment had asked the Supreme Court to
establish a special panel to try General
Musharraf on accusations that he sub-
verted the Constitution in late 2007
when he imposed emergency rule and
fired much of the judiciary.
The military has ruled Pakistan for
about half of the country’s 66-year his-
tory, and no ruler or top military com-
mander had ever faced criminal prose-
cution until General Musharraf’s return
from exile in April. Since then, he has
faced criminal prosecution in four cases
related to his time in power.
But a treason prosecution would
sharply raise the stakes between civil-
ian and military leaders — the charge
carries a potential death penalty — and,
analysts warned on Sunday, could cast
the country into new political turmoil.
‘‘It is a can of worms,’’ said Talat
Masood, a retired general and respec-
ted political commentator. ‘‘It is really
absurd.’’
The decision to proceed against Gen-
eral Musharraf comes at a tough time
for PrimeMinisterNawaz Sharif, whose
government is facing increasing scru-
tiny for its handling of the economy, for-
eign relations and security. And person-
ally, Mr. Sharif, who is visiting Thailand,
has been criticized for his frequent for-
eign tours even as Pakistan has faced
struggle after struggle.
‘‘What we saw today was a political
decision,’’ said Fahd Husain, the direc-
tor of news at the Express News televi-
sion network. ‘‘It was important for
Nawaz Sharif to be seen to deliver on his
past pledges.’’
What seems clear, at least, is that Mr.
Sharif’s government wanted to prevent
General Musharraf from slipping out of
Pakistan into exile. General Musharraf, a
former army chief, had been under house
arrest at his villa outside Islamabad until
this month, when he was released on bail
on all cases and later requested permis-
sion to go to Dubai, United Arab Emir-
ates, to visit his mother.
On Monday, lawyers for General
Musharraf were due tomake a court ap-
plication to have him taken off an official
list that prevents him from leavingPaki-
stan. A treason prosecution would re-
sult in new restrictions on Mr. Mushar-
raf’s movements, although it remained
unclear how quickly the Supreme Court
would move onMonday.
In a statement on Sunday, General
Musharraf’s office described the treas-
on charges as a ‘‘vicious attempt to un-
dermine the Pakistan military’’ and a
‘‘botched attempt’’ to divert attention
from the country’s other problems.
Babar Sattar, a lawyer and columnist
with the English-language daily news-
paper Dawn, said that Mr. Sharif ap-
peared to be betting that the army
would not stop the judiciary from trying
General Musharraf in open court.
‘‘I think Nawaz realizes that Mushar-
raf is a bygone for the army,’’ he said.
‘‘He wants to fix him but does not want
to give an impression that it is revenge.’’
General Musharraf’s supporters say
the law is being applied selectively, point-
ing out that many senior justices, includ-
ing the country’s crusading chief justice,
Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, validat-
ed the 1999 coup that brought themilitary
ruler to power. Chief Justice Chaudhry
was among the judges fired byMr. Mush-
arraf during the state of emergency and
later became a rallying point for opposi-
tion to the former general’s rule.
The decision to put GeneralMusharraf
on trial also comes at a time of transition
for the military. The current army chief,
Gen. Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, is due to re-
tire at the end of thismonth. Chief Justice
Chaudhry is due to retire in December.
But if Mr. Sharif is seeking to take ad-
vantage of this period of transition in
Pakistan’s power politics, many warned
that it could backfire.
‘‘They are adopting an unchartered
course of action that containsmany haz-
ards,’’ said Hasan Askari Rizvi, a de-
fense analyst. ‘‘This case may ulti-
mately alienate the military.’’
Plan for Syrian chemical arms raises security issues
SYRIA, FROMPAGE 1
chemical munitions on the condition of
anonymity. Most were reluctant to even
disclose their concerns, because of the
delicacy of the continuing operations to
clear the country of chemical weapons.
Even if the chemicals make it safely to a
Syrian port and are loaded on cargo
ships to be taken out of Syrian territory
by the deadlines set in the agreement —
Dec. 31 for the most critical material,
Feb. 5 for most of the rest — the prob-
lems would hardly be over.
On Friday, Albania turned down an
appeal by the United States to destroy
the weapons on its territory, after thou-
sands of Albanians took to the street in
protest. Norway rejected an earlier re-
quest, saying it did not have the expert-
ise or the facilities to destroy the
weapons. The issue caused a major
political dispute there as well.
As a result, Syria’s chemical weapons
material may be on the high seas for a
long time, as officials seek a country
willing and able to destroy it. Already
there are fears that the cargo ships
bearing the material could become the
weapons equivalent of a barge loaded
with garbage that left Long Island in
1987 but could not find a place to unload
for fourmonths. American lawprohibits
the importation of chemical weapons for
destruction, and Russia says it is still
overwhelmed by the task of destroying
its own stockpiles.
The more immediate concern is that
over the next six weeks, the material —
more than 600 tons of precursor chemic-
als, mostly stored in one- and two-ton
containers — will present a huge, slow-
moving target for the Syrian opposition
groups at war with the Assad govern-
ment — and sometimes in conflict with
one another. ‘‘The transportation stage
of any operation is usually a critical, vul-
will require the existence of a secure en-
vironment for the verification and
transport of chemical weapons.’’
Under an agreement reached in
September, Russia and the United
States are to work closely with the dis-
armament agency and Syrian officials
to develop a plan for ‘‘the security of the
monitoring and destruction mission.’’
Assessing the threat is not easy. Senior
Qaeda leaders in Pakistan and Qaeda-
linked elements in Syria havemade clear
their desire to seize precursor chemicals,
possibly to develop their own chemical
arsenal. But one former senior White
House official said that the threat posed
by the extremist militants, while not in-
consequential, was moderated by intelli-
gence reports that they were neither
well trained nor well equipped to deal
with the highly toxic materials.
Attack kills rebel leader
A Syrian rebel leader who brought to-
gether one of the most effective and or-
ganized factions has died of wounds
suffered Thursday in a government at-
tack, Anne Barnard and Karam Shou-
mali reported on Monday from Beirut,
Lebanon, citing the Syrian Observatory
for Human Rights. His death was seen
as a serious blow to the rebels amid a
gathering government offensive.
The leader, Abdulkader al-Saleh, who
commanded the Tawhid Brigade and
was also known as Hajji Marea, was
taken to Gaziantep over the Turkish
border after he was wounded in the at-
tack at the rebel-held infantry school on
the outskirts of Aleppo.
Another rebel commander was also
wounded and a thirdwas killed in the at-
tack, whichwas described in varying re-
ports as an airstrike or a government
raid on the building.
BASSAMKHABIEH/REUTERS
A child carried to safety after shelling in the Duma neighborhood of Damascus, the same
place rebels say government forces carried out a chemical weapons attack in August.
nerable stage,’’ a senior Defense De-
partment official said.
The Syrianmilitary appears to under-
stand the challenge. Over the weekend,
there were reports of fighting along the
highway that links Damascus, the Syri-
an capital, with the coast. Much of the
area, near the Lebanese border, is
mountainous and has been highly con-
tested.
The original American idea was to
avoid transporting the weapons at all.
Early plans, developed more than a
year ago, called for destroying the ma-
terials in place in Syria. But that would
have required a major presence of out-
side troops, and there were numerous
environmental hazards. It also would
have taken years to build the necessary
facilities. Thought was also given to fly-
ing the chemicals out of their sites, but
that would have carried other risks,
American officials said.
Instead, the Organization for the Pro-
hibition of Chemical Weapons, or
O.P.C.W., which announced the plan for
removing the material late on Friday, is
expected to train Syrian forces to pack-
age, seal and safeguard the containers
for transportation in truck convoys to
the port from23 declaredweapons sites.
Then the organization has to oversee
the maritime voyage — assuming that a
destination can be arranged.
The plan ‘‘sets ambitious milestones
to be met by the government of Syria,’’
Ahmet Uzumcu, the director general of
the disarmament organization, said Fri-
day. ‘‘This next phase will be the most
challenging, and its timely execution
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