INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR MULTISTOREY BUILDINGS - USE OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING RULES, BUDOWNICTWO, BUDYNKI WYSOKIE, c) ...

[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
(&&0
(XURSHDQ&RQIHUHQFHRQ
&RPSXWDWLRQDO0HFKDQLFV
-XQH
&UDFRZ3RODQG
,17(*5$7('6<67(0)2508/7,6725(<%8,/',1*6
±86(2)62)7:$5((1*,1((5,1*58/(6
-DFHN$:GRZLFNLDQG(O ELHWD0:GRZLFND
,QVWLWXWHRI6WUXFWXUDO(QJLQHHULQJ
3R]QD 8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\3R]QD
H-PDLOMDFHNZGRZLFNL#SXWSR]QDQSO
$UWXU07RPDV]HZVNL
,QVWLWXWHRI&RPSXWLQJ6FLHQFH
3R]QD 8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\3R]QD 3RODQG
HPDLODWRP#SRODQGFRP
.H\ZRUGV0XOWLVWRUH\%XLOGLQJV&RXSOHG6KHDU:DOOV6RIWZDUH(QJLQHHULQJ
$EVWUDFW7KHSDSHUSURYLGHVLQIRUPDWLRQFRQFHUQLQJWKHSURFHVVRISUHSDUDWLRQDQG
GHYHORSPHQWRIWKH,QWHJUDWHG6\VWHP,6IRU:LQGRZV2ZLQJWRWKH,6SURJUDPLWLVSRVVLEOH
WRPDNHDVWDWLFDQGG\QDPLFDQDO\VLVRIWKUHHGLPHQVLRQDOVKHDUZDOOVWUXFWXUHVLQPXOWL
VWRUH\EXLOGLQJV7KHDWWHQWLRQKDVEHHQGUDZQWRWKHUXOHVRIVRIWZDUHHQJLQHHULQJDSSOLHGLQ
RUGHUWRREWDLQDKLJKTXDOLW\SURGXFW7KHUHVXOWZKLFKKDVWKHIRUPRIDVSHFLDOL]HGXVHU
IULHQGO\SURJUDPIRUHQJLQHHULQJFRPSXWDWLRQVKDVEHHQSUHVHQWHG
-DFHN$:GRZLFNL(O ELHWD0:GRZLFND$UWXU07RPDV]HZVNL
,QWURGXFWLRQ
,WLVDZHOONQRZQIDFWWKDWDOWKRXJKDORWRISURJUDPVKDYHDOUHDG\EHHQZULWWHQKRZHYHU
WKHUH DUH UHODWLYHO\ IHZ IXOO XVHUIULHQGO\ SURJUDPV WKDW KDYH JRRG GRFXPHQWDWLRQ
3DUWLFXODUO\ LW UHIHUV WR WKH VSHFLDOLVHG SURJUDPV WKDW DUH YHU\ HIIHFWLYH LQ WKH GHVLJQLQJ
SURFHVV9DULRXVSURSRVDOVIRURYHUFRPLQJWKH³VRIWZDUHFULVLV´KDYHUHVXOWHGLQWKHRULJLQRI
WKHQHZILHOGRIFRPSXWHUVFLHQFHQDPHO\VRIWZDUHHQJLQHHULQJ2QHRILWVVWDWHPHQWVWKDW
DUHLPSRUWDQWIRUSUDFWLFHVD\VWKDWLVQRWSRVVLEOHWRSURGXFHDJRRGSURJUDPZLWKRXWD
VLJQLILFDQWSDUWLFLSDWLRQRIVSHFLDOLVWVUHSUHVHQWLQJWKHILHOGRIXVHUVRIWKHSURJUDP
7KHSURJUDPWKDWZLOOEHGHVFULEHGLQWKHSUHVHQWSDSHULVDQDWWHPSWWRREWDLQWKHIHDWXUHVRI
DJRRGSURJUDPVXFKDVUHOLDELOLW\PDLQWDLQDELOLW\DQGXVDELOLW\WKDWDUHSRVWXODWHGLQWKH
OLWHUDWXUHRQVRIWZDUHHQJLQHHULQJ7KHSURJUDPKDVEHHQZULWWHQE\HQJLQHHUVIRUHQJLQHHUV
ZLWKWKHSDUWLFLSDWLRQRIPDWKHPDWLFLDQVDQGFRPSXWHUVFLHQWLVWV7KHUHFHQWYHUVLRQLVFDOOHG
³,6IRU:LQGRZV´,6WKH,QWHJUDWHG6\VWHPLQGLFDWHVWKDWLQWKHV\VWHPWKHUHDUHLQWHJUDWHG
VWDWLF>@DQGG\QDPLF>@FRPSXWDWLRQV7KHSDUWLFXODUDSSOLFDWLRQGRPDLQRIWKHSURJUDP
LVWKHDQDO\VLVRIVKHDUZDOOWDOOEXLOGLQJV$WWHPSWVKDYHEHHQPDGHWKURXJKRXWWKHSURJUDP
GHVLJQDQGGHYHORSPHQWWRXVHERWKWKHJHQHUDOSULQFLSOHVRIVRIWZDUHHQJLQHHULQJ>@
DQG WKH GHWDLOHG JXLGHOLQHV RI VRIWZDUH TXDOLW\ FRQWURO DQG DVVXUDQFH >@ LQFOXGLQJ QHZ
YHUVLRQVRI,62VWDQGDUGV>@3UHSDUDWLRQRISURJUDPGRFXPHQWDWLRQZDVLQLWLDWHGEHIRUH
FRGHZULWLQJ,WZDVXSGDWHGLQWKHFRXUVHRIWKHSURJUDPGHYHORSPHQWWKDWOHGWRGHWDLOHGDQG
FXUUHQW³8VHU¶V0DQXDOV´DVZHOODV³5HIHUHQFH0DQXDOV´%HVLGHVHIIRUWVKDYHEHHQPDGHWR
REWDLQPRGXOHVVHOIGRFXPHQWHGWRDPD[LPXPGHJUHH+DYLQJWKLVLQYLHZDQLQGLYLGXDO
VWDQGDUGRIWKHPRGXOHGHVFULSWLRQZDVHODERUDWHGRQWKHEDVLVRIH[DPSOHVIURPOLWHUDWXUH
DQGLWVDSSOLFDWLRQZDVVWULFWO\REVHUYHG
7KHSDUWLFXODUDWWHQWLRQKDVEHHQGUDZQWRKDELWVDQGIRUHFDVWLQJQHHGVRIWKHSURVSHFWLYH
XVHUVRIWKHSURJUDPWKDWLVHQJLQHHUVZKRDUHIUHTXHQWO\QRWYHU\IDPLOLDUZLWKWKHDGYDQFHG
FRPSXWHUWHFKQRORJ\7KHUHKDYHEHHQSUHSDUHGVRPHHDV\WRXVHSUHSURFHVVRUVVKRUWHQLQJ
GDWDSUHSDUDWLRQIRUFRPSOH[VWUXFWXUHV7KHTXLFNLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIUHVXOWVLVSRVVLEOHGXHWR
WKHVHWRIVRPHSRVWSURFHVVRUV3UHDQGSRVWSURFHVVRUVGHVLJQVKDYHEHHQPDGHLQVWDQGDUG
8QLILHG0RGHOOLQJ/DQJXDJH>@DQGLWKDVPDGHSRVVLEOHWRSUHSDUHVLPSO\REMHFWRULHQWHG
SURJUDPFRGHV'HYHORSHGJUDSKLFSRVWSURFHVVRUVDUHWKHVLJQLILFDQWVXSSOHPHQWWRWKH,6
V\VWHPVLPSOLI\LQJLWVXVHLQGHVLJQLQJSUDFWLFH
3UREOHPGHILQLWLRQ
7KH JHQHUDO REMHFWLYH RI WKH SUHVHQWHG VRIWZDUH LV DQ DXWRPDWLRQ RI VKHDU ZDOO EXLOGLQJV
DQDO\VLV %HIRUH GHVLJQLQJ WKH SURJUDP V\VWHP WKH SUREOHP KDV EHHQ GHILQHG H[DFWO\ DQG
XQDPELJXRXVO\DQGWKHPHWKRGRIDQDO\VLVKDVEHHQFKRVHQFDUHIXOO\
,QWDOOEXLOGLQJVWKHODWHUDOORDGVZKLFKDULVHIURPHIIHFWVRIZLQGDQGHDUWKTXDNHVDUHRIWHQ
UHVLVWHG E\ D V\VWHP RI VKHDU ZDOOV DFWLQJ DV YHUWLFDO FDQWLOHYHUV 6XFK ZDOOV DUH XVXDOO\
SHUIRUDWHGE\YHUWLFDOEDQGVRIRSHQLQJVZKLFKDUHUHTXLUHGIRUGRRUVDQGZLQGRZVWRIRUPD
V\VWHPRIFRXSOHGVKHDUZDOOV)LJ&RXSOHGVKHDUZDOOVDUHHIILFLHQWVWUXFWXUDOHOHPHQWV
(&&0&UDFRZ3RODQG
RIPXOWLVWRUH\EXLOGLQJVIRUUHVLVWLQJODWHUDOIRUFHVGXHWRHDUWKTXDNHV:KHQPXOWLVWRUH\
EXLOGLQJVZLWKWKHQRQFRLQFLGHQWFHQWUHRIPDVVDQGWKHFHQWUHRIVWLIIQHVVDUHVXEMHFWHGWR
HDUWKTXDNH JURXQG PRWLRQ WKH\ UHVSRQG LQ FRXSOHG ODWHUDO DQG WRUVLRQDO YLEUDWLRQV 7KH
WRUVLRQDO FRXSOLQJ PD\ LQGXFH VLJQLILFDQW DPSOLILFDWLRQ RI LQWHUQDO IRUFHV UHVXOWLQJ IURP
HDUWKTXDNHV0HWKRGVZKLFKDUHDYDLODEOHIRUWKHDQDO\VLVRIVKHDUZDOOEXLOGLQJVFDQEHLQ
JHQHUDOFODVVLILHG>@LQWRWKHFRQWLQXRXVFRQQHFWLRQPHWKRGWKHIUDPHPHWKRGDQGWKH
ILQLWHHOHPHQWPHWKRG
)LJ7KUHHGLPHQVLRQDOVKHDUZDOOVWUXFWXUH
VKHDUZDOOFRQWLQXRXVFRQQHFWLRQIORRUVODE
,Q WKH FRQWLQXRXV FRQQHFWLRQ PHWKRG >@ OLQWHO EHDPV DUH WUHDWHG DV WKH HTXLYDOHQW VKHDU
FRQQHFWLRQ PHGLXP EHWZHHQ VKHDU ZDOOV ZKLOH WKH ZDOOV DUH VLPSO\ UHJDUGHG DV YHUWLFDO
FDQWLOHYHUEHDPV7KHWHFKQLTXHPD\EHXVHGIRUERWKSODQHDQGVSDWLDOVWUXFWXUHVZKLFKDUH
HVVHQWLDOO\ UHJXODU LQ IRUP WKURXJKRXW WKH KHLJKW ,W KDV WKH PHULW WKDW WKH VROXWLRQ LV
LQGHSHQGHQWRIWKHQXPEHURIVWRULHVLQYROYHGDQGLQIDFWWKHDFFXUDF\LQFUHDVHVDVWKH
QXPEHURIVWRULHVLQFUHDVHV,QUHFHQW\HDUVWKHXVHRIFRQWLQXXPPRGHOVLQVWUXFWXUDODQDO\VLV
KDV UHFHLYHG FRQVLGHUDEOH DWWHQWLRQ 7KHVH PRGHOV RIIHU DQ DWWUDFWLYH ORZ FRVW DQG
DSSUR[LPDWLQJPHWKRGIRUDQDO\VLQJODUJHVWUXFWXUHVDQGWKH\UHSUHVHQWWKHXVHIXOWRROIRU
GHVLJQDQDO\VLV>@
,QWKHUHSRUWHGVRIWZDUHWKHVWDWLFDQDO\VLVLVFDUULHGRXWRQWKHEDVLVRIVRPHYDULDQWRIWKH
FRQWLQXRXVFRQQHFWLRQPHWKRG'\QDPLFVROXWLRQVDUHREWDLQHGE\WUHDWLQJWKHVWUXFWXUHDV
DOXPSHG SDUDPHWHU V\VWHP ZLWK GLVFUHWH PDVVHV LQ WKH IRUPRIULJLGIORRUVODEVDUELWUDU\
ORFDWHGDORQJWKHKHLJKWKDYLQJIOH[XUDODQGWRUVLRQDOLQHUWLD7KHGHYHORSHGPRGHOVDSSOLHG
WRVWDWLF>@DQGG\QDPLF>@DQDO\VLVLQWKHSUHVHQWHGDSSURDFKDUHGHVFULEHGEHORZ
-DFHN$:GRZLFNL(O ELHWD0:GRZLFND$UWXU07RPDV]HZVNL
0RGHODQGJRYHUQLQJHTXDWLRQVIRUWKHVWDWLFDQDO\VLV
$VLQJOHZDOORUDJURXSRIZDOOVMRLQHGLQDPRQROLWKLFZD\FRPSRVHVD'VKHDUZDOO
7KHVWUXFWXUHPD\FRQVLVWRIDQXQOLPLWHGQXPEHURIWZRDQGWKUHHGLPHQVLRQDOVKHDUZDOOV
DUELWUDULO\GLVWULEXWHGLQDSODQ)LJ7KHUHDUHFRQVLGHUHGVKHDUZDOOVRIWKHVDPHKHLJKW
7KH\PD\EHMRLQHGE\FRQQHFWLQJEHDPVEDQGVRUE\IOH[LEOHMRLQWV7KHVWUXFWXUDOSURSHUWLHV
RIVKHDUZDOOVFRQQHFWLQJEHDPVDQGYHUWLFDOMRLQWVDUHXQLIRUPDORQJWKHEXLOGLQJKHLJKW
$GLDSKUDJPDFWLRQRIDOOIORRUVODEVLVWDNHQLQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQDVWKHHIIHFWRIWKHLULQSODQH
LQILQLWHULJLGLW\DQGQHJOLJLEOHWUDQVYHUVHRQH7KHKHLJKWWRZLGWKUDWLRRIWKHVKHDUZDOOV
LQYROYHVWKDWHDFKZDOOPD\EHWUHDWHGDVDQRSHQWKLQZDOOHGEHDP
7KHVWDWLFDQDO\VLVKDVEHHQSHUIRUPHGXVLQJDVXQNQRZQVLQWHQVLW\IXQFWLRQVRIVKHDUIRUFHV
LQ FRQWLQXRXV FRQQHFWLRQVQ]DQG KRUL]RQWDO GLVSODFHPHQWVY] ,Q WKLV IRUPXODWLRQ WKH
JRYHUQLQJGLIIHUHQWLDOHTXDWLRQVDUHDVIROORZV
% ë
Q
]
$Q
]
I
]
Y I 9 Q
ëëë
] ] ]
-
7KHERXQGDU\FRQGLWLRQVIRUDQGFDQEHVWDWHGDVIROORZV
Q Z Q
ë+
Y Y Y
ë
ëë +
ZKHUH
+FRQVWUXFWLRQKHLJKW
]RUGLQDWH]>+@
Q
Z
QXPEHURIFRQWLQXRXVFRQQHFWLRQV
Q
H
QXPEHURIVKHDUZDOOV
Q
Y
QXPEHURIYHUWLFDOORDGV
Q]YHFWRUFRQWDLQLQJXQNQRZQIXQFWLRQVRIWKHVKHDUIRUFHLQWHQVLW\LQFRQWLQXRXV
FRQQHFWLRQVWKDWVXEVWLWXWHFRQQHFWLQJEHDPVEDQGVDQGYHUWLFDOMRLQWV
%Q
Z
îQ
Z
GLDJRQDOPDWUL[FRQWDLQLQJYDOXHVRIFRQWLQXRXVFRQQHFWLRQIOH[LELOLW\
Y]YHFWRUFRQWDLQLQJWKHIXQFWLRQVRIKRUL]RQWDOGLVSODFHPHQWVRIWKHVWUXFWXUHPHDVXUHG
LQWKHJOREDOFRRUGLQDWHV\VWHP;<=ZKLFKPD\EHFKRVHQDUELWUDULO\
Y] FROY
]Y
]f]
0DWULFHV%$GHSHQGRQDQDQDO\VHGVWUXFWXUHZKLOHPDWULFHVII
9
DQGZGHSHQGRQWKH
ORDGV7KHPDWULFHVDSSHDULQJLQWKHDERYHUHODWLRQVDUHGHVFULEHGE\WKHIROORZLQJIRUPXODH
$ 6 . 6 & / / . / / &
=
-
(
)
I
]
=
(
.
6
-
&
/
(
/
.
/
)
/
&
)
Q
]
+
&
/
/
.
/
)
W
]
6
(
 (&&0&UDFRZ3RODQG
I / . / W / . / / & Q
]
=
(
)
]
-
(
)
]
9 / . / / &
Z % 6 ]
= -
ZKHUHWKHIROORZLQJQRWDWLRQDSSOLHV
6
Q
H
îQ
Z
%RROHDQPDWUL[UHODWHGWRWKHLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQVKHDUZDOOVDQGFRQWLQXRXV
FRQQHFWLRQV
.
Q
H
îQ
H
GLDJRQDOPDWUL[.
GLDJ($
L
.
Q
H
îQ
H
PDWUL[FRQWDLQLQJWUDQVYHUVHVWLIIQHVVRIVKHDUZDOOVLQORFDOFRRUGLQDWH
V\VWHPVLHV\VWHPVRISULQFLSDOD[HVRIWKHVKHDUZDOOV
.
GLDJ(,
\
(,
[
(,
w
&
Q
H
îQ
Z
PDWUL[FRQWDLQLQJWKHFRRUGLQDWHVRIWKHSRLQWVRIFRQWUDIOH[XUHLQFRQQHFWLRQV
LQWKHORFDOFRRUGLQDWHV\VWHPV
&
&
&
&
/Q
H
îPDWUL[RIFRRUGLQDWHVWUDQVIRUPDWLRQIURPWKHJOREDOFRRUGLQDWHV\VWHP;<=WR
WKHORFDOV\VWHPRID[HV
6
Q
H
îQ
Y
%RROHDQPDWUL[UHODWHGWRWKHDFWLRQRIH[WHULRUYHUWLFDOORDGVRQVKHDUZDOOV
&
Q
H
îQ
Y
PDWUL[FRQWDLQLQJWKHFRRUGLQDWHVRISRLQWVRIDSSOLFDWLRQRIYHUWLFDOORDGVLQ
ORFDOFRRUGLQDWHV\VWHPV
Q
]WKHYHFWRURIWKHIXQFWLRQVRIYHUWLFDOORDGV
W
]WKHYHFWRURIWKHIXQFWLRQVRIVKHDUIRUFHVDQGDWRUTXHGXHWRWKHDFWLRQRIODWHUDO
ORDGVW
.
] FROW
;
]W
<
]P
6
]
]
WKHYHFWRUFRQWDLQLQJJLYHQVHWWOHPHQWVRIVKHDUZDOOV
7KHGLIIHUHQWLDOHTXDWLRQVDQGZLWKWKHERXQGDU\FRQGLWLRQVDQGDUHVHSDUDWHG
E\RUWKRJRQDOHLJHQYHFWRUV1H[WWKHVHHTXDWLRQVDUHH[DFWO\VROYHGIRUDOOORDGFDVHV
'\QDPLFDQDO\VLV
$G\QDPLFPRGHOZLWKPDVVHVLQWKHIRUPRIULJLGIORRUVODEVKDVEHHQDGRSWHGVLQFHRYHUD
KDOI RI EXLOGLQJ WRWDO PDVV LV FRQFHQWUDWHG LQ WKH IORRU OHYHOV 'LVFUHWH PDVVHV PD\ EH
DUELWUDULO\ORFDWHGDORQJWKHKHLJKW7KHVHLVPLFUHVSRQVHRIVWUXFWXUHLVHVWLPDWHGE\XVLQJ
WKHUHVSRQVHVSHFWUXPWHFKQLTXH)RUDVKHDUZDOOPXOWLVWRUH\VWUXFWXUHLWLVPRUHQDWXUDOWR
GHWHUPLQH WKH IOH[LELOLW\ PDWUL[ ' WKDQ WKH VWLIIQHVV PDWUL[. $ UHODWLRQ GHVFULEHV WKH
YLEUDWLRQRIDVWUXFWXUH
  [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

  • zanotowane.pl
  • doc.pisz.pl
  • pdf.pisz.pl
  • queen1991.htw.pl