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COMINGOF AGE
GIRLS GOWILD,
RIGHT ON CUE
PAGE 9
|
CULTURE
A NEWFACEBOOK
SOCIAL NETWORK
TRIES A FACE-LIFT
PAGE 15
|
BUSINESS ASIAWITH
BIG SPENDERS
IN PARIS, WITH
EYES ONWORLD
PAGE 11
|
SPORTS
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
FRIDAY, MARCH 8, 2013
GLOBAL.NYTIMES.COM
U.N. votes
to tighten
sanctions on
North Korea
UNITED NATIONS
Syrian rebels
are pressed
to release
peacekeepers
Capture of 21 Filipinos
entangles U.N. forces in
conflict for the first time
Nuclear weapons testing
will not be tolerated,
Security Council says
BY RICK GLADSTONE
AND ALAN COWELL
The United Nations was reported to be
negotiating on Thursday with insurgent
fighters from Syria who seized a group
of U.N. troops from the Philippines on
patrol in the disputed Golan Heights re-
gion between Syria and Israel and
threatened to treat them as prisoners of
war. Their capture signaled an abrupt
escalation in the Syrian conflict, en-
meshing international peacekeepers for
the first time.
There was no immediate indication
when the 21 captives, who were seized
onWednesday, might be set free, but the
authorities in Manila said the peace-
keepers were being treated as ‘‘visitors
and guests’’ and had not been harmed.
‘‘The negotiations are ongoing,’’ said
Raul S. Hernandez, a spokesman for the
Philippine ForeignMinistry. ‘‘This is be-
tween the U.N. peacekeeping force and
the group leader of this rebel force. We
have been informed that they are un-
harmed and for the time being they are
being treated as visitors and guests.’’
With 1,011 troops from Austria, Croa-
tia, India and the Philippines, the U.N.
observer force in the Golan is respon-
sible for maintaining the calm between
Israeli and Syrian troops at the demili-
tarized zone along Syria’s Golan fronti-
er, established after a cease-fire ended
the 1973 Arab-Israeli war.
Israeli officials have expressed con-
cern about the presence of extremist Is-
lamist groups fighting the Syrian Army
close to the cease-fire line with Israel. In
recent months, Israel has upgraded its
troops and surveillance along its north-
ern frontier and is constructing a new
border fence.
On Thursday, Israel made it clear that
it had no intention of becoming involved
in the events across the cease-fire line.
AmosGilad, a senior official in the Israeli
Defense Ministry, said that ‘‘we can rely
on the U.N. to persuade’’ the insurgent
fighters to release the captive troops.
‘‘Neither the rebels nor anyone else
has an interest in clashing with the in-
ternational community, which it needs
for support,’’Mr. Gilad told Israel Radio.
‘‘The international community will
handle this.’’
Generoso D.G. Calonge, the Philip-
pine ambassador to Israel, told Israel
Radio that he would welcome any infor-
mation Israel had to share ‘‘but as for an
active role, I don’t think that would be
proper for them.’’
A spokesman for the Syrian Observa-
tory for Human Rights, an activist
group, said Thursday that the captors
had ‘‘assured us they are not going to
harm the hostages in any way and
they’re treating them as guests.’’
The Observatory, which is based in
Britain and has a network of opposition
contacts in Syria, also reported
‘‘clashes’’ between government troops
and rebels Thursday on the northern
outskirts of the village of Al Jamlah,
close to where the Philippine soldiers
were seized. There was no immediate
independent confirmation of the report.
As the war has worsened, the Golan re-
gion has been periodically disrupted by
armed clashes and occasional artillery or
mortar bombardments that have become
a source of concern to Israel. But U.N. of-
ficials said that members of the Golan
peacekeeping mission, officially known
as the U.N. Disengagement Observer
Force, had never before been taken by
any of the combatants in the conflict.
Josephine Guerrero, a spokeswoman
for the U.N. department that oversees
the Golan operation, said the peace-
keepers were detained near an observa-
tion post that had been evacuated last
weekend after what she called ‘‘heavy
combat in proximity’’ in the southern
part of the area they control. The peace-
keepers, in a convoy of trucks, had re-
turned to investigate damage to the post
when they were taken by about 30
REUTERS
In response toNorthKorea’s third nucle-
ar test, the U.N. Security Council voted
on Thursday to tighten financial restric-
tions on Pyongyang and crack down on
its attempts to ship and receive banned
cargo in breach of U.N. sanctions.
The U.S.-drafted resolution, approved
unanimously by the Council, was the
product of three weeks of negotiations
between the United States and China
after North Korea’s Feb. 12 test.
Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, a
former South Korean foreign minister,
said the resolution ‘‘sent an unequivoc-
al message’’ to the North ‘‘that the in-
ternational community will not tolerate
its pursuit of nuclear weapons.’’
The resolution specifies some luxury
items North Korea’s elite is not allowed
to import, like yachts, racing cars and
certain types of jewelry. This is intended
to close a loophole that previously al-
lowed countries to decide for themselves
what constitutes a luxury good.
‘‘These sanctions will bite and bite
hard,’’ said SusanE. Rice, U.S. ambassa-
dor to the United Nations.
The resolution, which Council diplo-
mats say is intended to bring the North
Korea sanctions regimemore in linewith
tough U.N. measures in place against
Iran, had the Council ‘‘expressing the
gravest concern at the nuclear test
conducted by the Democratic People’s
Republic of Korea,’’ North Korea.
Pyongyang was punished with U.N.
sanctions for its 2006 and 2009 nuclear
tests, measures that were later tightened
and expanded after several rocket
launching. In addition to the luxury-
goods ban, there is an arms embargo on
North Korea, and it is forbidden to trade
in nuclear and missile technology.
NORTH KOREAMAKES NEWTHREATS
The ForeignMinistry warned of pre-
emptive nuclear strikes against the
United States and South Korea.
PAGE 3
LYNN BO BO/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY
Members of the National League for Democracy in Yangon on Thursday, before the beginning of the Myanmar opposition party’s first congress, which will be held this weekend.
Opposition
seeks a fresh
start in My
anmar
‘‘There are many problems —
and the central office cannot
solve them.’’
them.’’
Persecuted by a military government
during its first two decades of existence,
Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi’s party, the Na-
tional League for Democracy, is led by
an aging group of former political pris-
oners. The three-day party congress,
which begins Friday, will feature the
party’s first internal elections for its
governing bodies. Until now, officials
were appointed by the leadership.
He and others described an organiza-
tion strapped for cash, riven by factions,
struggling to integrate new members
and saddled with older members who
‘‘have no intellectual abilities and no
political talent.’’
ranks of the party and an extreme defer-
ence toMs. Aung San SuuKyi, theNobel
laureate who co-founded the party in
1988 amid an uprising against military
rule.
‘‘Nobody dares to speak out in front of
Daw Aung San Suu Kyi,’’ Mr. Win Tin
said. ‘‘That is a very bad thing.’’
‘‘It’s not out of fear,’’ he said. ‘‘It’s out
of admiration.’’
Outside the headquarters of the Na-
tional League for Democracy on Thurs-
day, former political prisoners said they
were wary of the thousands of people
who have joined the party recently,
many of them defecting from the mili-
YANGON, MYANMAR
BY THOMAS FULLER
Nearly a quarter-century after it was
founded, members of the pro-democra-
cy party of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi
gathered here for their first party con-
gress, an attempt to revitalize a political
organization that by the admission of its
own members lacks competence, effi-
ciency and leadership.
‘‘The party is in crisis,’’ said Monywa
Aung Shin, head of the party’s delega-
tion from Sagaing Division in central
Myanmar. ‘‘There are many problems
— and the central office cannot solve
The party is seeking to renew itself in
preparation for national elections
scheduled for 2015, when it will face the
Union Solidarity and Development
Party, which was created by the mili-
tary junta that ceded power two years
ago to a civilian administration led by
President Thein Sein.
Win Tin, a senior member of the Na-
tional League for Democracy, described
a ‘‘leadership vacuum’’ in the middle
MYANMAR, PAGE 3
Declaring ‘I am Chávez,’
leader mimic
s his mentor
CARACAS
Chávez’s cancer.
He has also adopted the president’s
clothes, walking beside his coffin in an
enormous procession on Wednesday
wearing a windbreaker with the nation-
al colors of yellow, blue and red, as Mr.
Chávez often did.
But now that Mr. Chávez is gone, the
big question being raised in Venezuela
is whether Mr. Maduro, his chosen suc-
cessor, will continue to mirror the pres-
ident and his unconventional governing
style — or veer off in his own direction.
‘‘He can’t just stand there and say, ‘I
am the Mini-Me of Chávez and now you
have to follow me,’ ’’ said Maxwell A.
Cameron, a specialist in Latin American
politics at the University of British
Columbia in Vancouver.
The puzzlement overwhat sort of lead-
erMr. Madurowill prove to be extends to
Washington, where U.S. policy makers
have been feeling out Mr. Maduro for
months, years even, to determinewheth-
er hemight provide an opening for closer
ties between the two nations.
U.S. officials say Mr. Chávez, despite
his very public denunciations of Wash-
ington, worked behind the scenes to
keep trade relations between the two
countries, especially in the oil sector,
strong. They recalled how Mr. Chávez
once picked up the phone and dialed a
U.S. diplomat to talk policy, an oddmove
for a leader who more than once barred
U.S. ambassadors from Caracas and
regularly denounced Washington and
Vice president assumes
power to mixed reviews,
as U.S. seeks policy clues
BY WILLIAMNEUMAN
AND GINGER THOMPSON
In the weeks leading up to his mentor’s
death, Vice President Nicolás Maduro’s
imitations of President Hugo Chávez
became ever more apparent.
He has taken onmany of Mr. Chávez’s
vocal patterns and speech rhythms, and
has eagerly repeated the slogan ‘‘I am
Chávez’’ to crowds of supporters. He
has mimicked the president’s favorite
themes — belittling the political opposi-
tion and warning of mysterious plots to
destabilize the country, even implying
that the United States was behind Mr.
DAR YASIN/THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Taking charge of change
Women offering prayers inNewDelhi for a rape victim. In a special report, awriter uses her
story of being sexually abused to raise the issue of consent in India. Also, a look at saving baby girls in Tamil Nadu.
INSIDE
Sixth intervie
w? Maybe we’ll hire you
NEW YORK
BY CATHERINE RAMPELL
U.S. employers have a variety of job va-
cancies, piles of cash and countless well-
qualified candidates. But despite a
slowly improving economy, many
companies remain reluctant to hire,
stringing job applicants along for weeks
or months before they make a decision.
If they ever do.
The number of job openings has in-
creased to levels not seen since the
height of the financial crisis, but vacan-
cies are staying unfilled much longer
than they used to — an average of 23
business days now compared with a low
of 15 in mid-2009, according to a new
measure of U.S. Labor Department data
by the economists Steven J. Davis,
Jason Faberman and John Halti-
wanger.
Some have attributed the more exten-
ded process to a mismatch between the
requirements of the four million jobs
available and the skills held by many of
the 12 million unemployed. That is prob-
ably true in a few high-skilled fields, like
nursing or biotechnology, but for a large
majority of positions for which candi-
dates are plentiful, the bigger problem
seems to be a sort of hiring paralysis.
‘‘There’s a fear that the economy is
going to go down again, so the message
CARLOS GARCIA RAWLINS/REUTERS
Hugo Chávez instructed his supporters to
vote for Vice President Nicolás Maduro.
VENEZUELA, PAGE 5
JOBS, PAGE 16
SYRIA, PAGE 4
CURRENCIES
STOCK INDEXES
WORLDNEWS
Challenge in C.I.A. history
A still-classified Senate report places
John O. Brennan in the cross-fire
between critics of C.I.A. techniques
they say amounted to torture and some
defenders of the program.
PAGE 5
BUSINESS ASIA
Approval likely for Boeing tests
The plane maker says it has found a fix
for the problem that caused batteries to
emit flames or smoke in two incidents.
U.S. regulators are expected to agree to
examine the solution.
PAGE 14
Aiming at Chinese in U.S.
Rather than hunt for natural resources,
a number of Asian companies have
begun to invest in the United States to
cater to the demands of Chinese
consumers overseas.
PAGE 15
VIEWS
Roger Cohen
The essential difference between the
U.S. and Europe endures. It is over risk
and reward. Americans will still take
the bonus and run, while Europeans
strive worthily to redistribute it.
PAGE 6
The latest front in a long war
The stability of the North African
region is even more important than
Afghanistan to the vital interests of the
West, Chester A. Crocker and Ellen
Laipson write.
PAGE 6
COMING THISWEEKEND
Bowie the changeling is back
His first album in a decade asserts his
continued power as a musician and
songwriter. The things he explored to
the hilt in the early 1970s became
defining principles of 21st-century pop.
Mars, the reality TV show
Bas Lansdorp, a 36-year-old Dutch
engineer and entrepreneur, plans to
finance a 10-year, $6 billion plan to start a
colony onMars by selling rights and
sponsorships to a global reality TV show.
NEW YORK, THURSDAY 10:00AM
THURSDAY
PREVIOUS
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unch.
s
Pound
£1=
$1.5050
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FTSE 100 3pm
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Nikkei 225 close
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t
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OIL
NEW YORK, THURSDAY 10:00AM
Light sweet crude
$91.00
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Full currency rates Page 17
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NEWSSTAND PRICES
France ¤ 3.00
IN THIS ISSUE
No. 40,431
Books 10
Business 14
Crossword 12
Culture 9
Sports 11
Views 6
31 Filipinos killed on Borneo
TheMalaysian security forces killed 31
Filipino gunmen in theMalaysian state
of Sabah, officials said Thursday, and
the government rejected U.N. calls for
an end to the fighting.
PAGE 3
Algeria Din 175
Lebanon LP 4,000
Andorra ¤ 3.00
Morocco Dh 22
Antilles ¤ 3.00
Senegal CFA 2.200
Cameroon CFA 2.200
Tunisia Din 3.200
Gabon CFA 2.200
Reunion ¤ 3.50
Ivory Coast CFA 2.200
 ..
2
|
FRIDAY, MARCH 8, 2013
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
page two
Giving
the young
a bigger say
gestion is indeed startling. But, as he
writes, it has been around since at least
the 1980s, when it was formally
broached by the Hungarian-born
American scholar Paul Demeny.
When I reached him on the phone in
Budapest, Dr. Demeny explained that
he first came up with the idea, which
social scientists today call ‘‘Demeny
voting’’ in his honor, because he was
worried about declining fertility rates
in much of Europe.
‘‘By the 1980s, the prospect of quite
rapid population decline in some Euro-
pean countries was visible and one had
to cast about for what public policy
could do about this,’’ Dr. Demeny said.
‘‘I felt there should be a search for nov-
el approaches.’’
Part of the problem, Dr. Demeny real-
ized, was that as democratic societies
aged, so did their politics. After all, the
elderly had a vote, while children did
not. Gray voters used that power to shift
public expenditures toward themselves,
sometimes funding these programs by
borrowing against the earning power of
the rising generation of workers.
That tactic, Dr. Demeny worried, cre-
ated a vicious spiral, by making the next
generation concerned about whether it
could afford both to have children and to
fund its own retirement in a future
when the state would surely have less
money to spend. Enfranchising chil-
dren, Dr. Demeny realized, would be a
way to fix that political imbalance.
Both Dr. Corak and Dr. Demeny
came to the idea of children’s suffrage
for instrumental reasons —Dr. Corak’s
main concern is income inequality; Dr.
Demeny’s is falling birthrates. But as
they thought about the idea, they came
to support it for an altogether different
rationale. Children, the two scholars
believe, are one of the last categories of
humans denied the most fundamental
right of citizenship: the right to vote.
‘‘Quite apart from the demographic
argument, it is justified by logic and
justice,’’ Dr. Demeny told me. ‘‘Chil-
dren are people who are extremely in-
terested in the future — they will live
for another six or seven or eight de-
cades. They should have a say in how
public goods are spent.’’
Both Dr. Corak and Dr. Demeny
make quick work of the potentially
daunting practicalities of the idea —
how do you get a kindergartener to the
polls? — by suggesting mothers vote
for their children. That’s a data-backed
view: Mothers are best at spending
shared resources on their offspring,
which is why state child support usu-
ally goes to them.
Part of the appeal of Demeny voting
is that it could be bipartisan. It is hard
to imagine an idea more likely to em-
power pro-family, socially conservative
communities. And liberals, who often
find mothers to be a softer sell, should
like the notion, too.
Best of all, Demeny voting could be a
way for the developed world to get be-
yond one of its deepest afflictions. Ours
are aging, consumption-based societ-
ies, focused on today. We need to find a
way to build for the future. Maybe en-
f
ranchising our children is the answer.
Chrystia Freeland is editor of Thomson
Reuters Digital.
E-MAIL:
pagetwo@iht.com
Chrystia
Freeland
WAY OF THEWORLD
NEW YORK
Here’s a novel way to ad-
dress the problems caused by rising in-
come inequality: give children the vote.
One virtue of this iconoclastic idea,
recently advanced by the Canadian
economist Miles Corak, is that it
sidesteps the usual partisan debates.
After all, the right and left have pro-
found moral disagreements about eco-
nomic inequality. But whatever your
political stripe, you almost certainly be-
lieve in equality of opportunity.
Unfortunately, some of Dr. Corak’s
most celebrated work has been to show
that rising income inequality and de-
clining social mobility go together. This
relationship, which Alan B. Krueger,
the head of President Barack Obama’s
Council of Economic Advisers, has
dubbed the Great Gatsby Curve, is one
of the most powerful reasons to care
about rising income inequality.
That’s where the kids come in. In a
policy paper published in February by
Canada 2020, a Canadian progressive
research group, Dr. Corak points out
that the group that suffers most from
declining social mobility is the young.
As it happens, this is also one of the last
human constituencies that doesn’t
have the right to vote. That relation-
ship may not be coincidental.
‘‘Older individuals, and those with
more education working in higher-
skilled occupations, are more likely to
vote,’’ Dr. Corak writes in the paper.
‘‘But, in addition, there is a broad bias
by virtue of the simple fact that chil-
dren are disenfranchised. Children’s
rights are not adequately recognized
and they have a reduced political voice
in setting social priorities.’’
Dr. Corak has a simple and radical
solution to that bias: give children the
vote. ‘‘When you first hear about it, it
sounds like a crazy idea, and that was
my first reaction,’’ Dr. Corak told me,
speaking by phone from Ottawa.
‘‘But this is an aspect of the inequal-
ity discussion that I think we can all
buy into,’’ he said. ‘‘Whether you come
from the left or the right, I think most
people subscribe to the idea that talent
and hard work should be rewarded.
And with inequality going up, there is a
real risk that mobility will go down. If
you are talking about opportunity, it is
really a question of opportunity for
young people.’’
For the uninitiated, Dr. Corak’s sug-
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Employees of The New York Herald Tribune packing after the last daily edition went to press on April 22, 1966. The paper was born in 1924 when The Tribune acquired The Herald.
A news
paper’s scrappy legacy
than the ethnic mix of the city.’’
The headquarters building itself
suffered fromneglect. ‘‘Homer, how can
we make The Times more like The
Tribune?’’ Mr. Bigart was asked by
Arthur Gelb, one of his new colleagues
at The Times. Mr. Bigart replied, ‘‘Turn
off the air-conditioning.’’
And when John Hay Whitney toured
the place as the Trib’s new owner in
1958, he could not help but notice the
despair and decrepitude. Then he re-
paired to the Artist and Writers restau-
rant, which was bustling with bonhomie
and where Mr. Whitney memorably de-
clared: ‘‘I should have bought the bar.’’
A half-century later, New York still
has Herald Square (and Greeley
Square). NewYorkmagazine, originally
a Sunday supplement in the Trib, was
reincarnated as a free-standing weekly.
(And there are hyphenated Herald-
Tribunes in Sarasota, Florida, and
Batesville, Indiana.)
The International Herald Tribune is
the current incarnation of what began
publishing in 1887 as a European edition
of the New York Herald and became
known as the Paris Herald and later The
IHT.
The quirky paper based in Paris reflec-
ted James Gordon Bennett Jr.’s eccentri-
cities (printing for 6,718 consecutive is-
sues a bogus letter signed ‘‘Old
Philadelphia Lady’’ that explained how
to convert Celsius into Fahrenheit and
vice versa). It was immortalized byHem-
ingway and Fitzgerald (Jake Barnes and
Dick Diver, the heroes of ‘‘The Sun Also
Rises’’ and ‘‘Tender Is the Night,’’ re-
spectively, read it) and in ‘‘Breathless,’’
the 1960 film in which Jean-Paul Bel-
mondo’s girlfriend, played by Jean Se-
berg, is an aspiring journalist who gets
by hawking the Trib on Paris streets.
Beginning in 1967, the paper was oper-
ated jointly by the Whitney family, The
Times and The Washington Post (The
Times came first on the nameplate as
the result of a coin toss). The Times be-
came the sole owner in 2003. Within a
few years, the handwriting was on the
wall: the International Herald Tribune
unceremoniously scrapped the hand-
drawn ‘‘dingbat’’ that had squatted be-
tween ‘‘Herald’’ and ‘‘Tribune’’ on its
front page since 1966 and that origin-
ated in The New York Tribune on April
10, 1866.
Even Mr. Kluger’s 801-page book was
unable to resolve an enduring mystery:
Why the clock in the logo was set at
6:12.
NEW YORK
Rebranding of the IHT,
or the Trib, brings back
memories of rich history
BY SAM ROBERTS
Ghostly vestiges of the gothic Herald
Tribune logo still survive on the eastern
facade of a building in central NewYork,
camouflaged by a faded Group Health
Insurance emblem and, more recently,
dwarfed by the towering headquarters
of The New York Times next door.
This autumn, when the International
Herald Tribune is rebranded as The In-
ternational New York Times, that pallid
logo atop the Trib’s former home may
become the most visible remaining leg-
acy of one of the great names of U.S.
journalism.
The New York Herald Tribune was
born in 1924, which means that it has
been dead — since 1966 — longer than it
was alive.
But it was not for nothing that Rich-
ard Kluger titled his 1986 biography of
The Herald Tribune ‘‘The Paper’’ — as
if there were no other — and that so
many journalists craved a job writing
for a scrappy paper that proclaimed, its
thumb defiantly planted in The Times’s
eye, that a good newspaper did not have
to be dull. (Among those hired were
Tom Wolfe, Jimmy Breslin, Dick
Schaap, Red Smith and Pete Hamill.)
I cherish a pay stub I saved (it must
be all of $20) frommy days as a campus
correspondent for the Trib. My dreams
of working there after college were
dashed, though, when I witnessed the
lintel bearing the words ‘‘The Tribune’’
being dismantled from the paper’s
former headquarters in Printing House
Square in New York on what I remem-
ber was the very same day that the
Trib’s new owners declared it dead.
The Herald was a gossip-guzzling
penny paper founded in 1835 by James
Gordon Bennett, an eccentric Scot,
Democrat and populist. The Tribune
was first published byHoraceGreeley, a
Republican, onetime presidential candi-
date and promoter of Abraham Lincoln.
The papers were so distinct that placing
a hyphen in the combined name would
have been presumptuous. (The Tribune
acquired The Herald, but for some rea-
son, the merged paper was not named
the Tribune Herald.)
DAVIDW. DUNLAP/THE NEWYORK TIMES
The Herald Tribune’s logo is camouflaged by a Group Health Insurance emblem on the
east side of its former home. Next door is the headquarters of The New York Times.
Beginning under Stanley Walker, a
city editor in the 1920s and ’30s, ‘‘it used
to be said that the Tribwas awriter’s pa-
per and The Times was an editor’s pa-
per,’’ said Richard C. Wald, the Trib’s
last managing editor.
Mr. Wald recalled in an e-mail: ‘‘It
was the first paper to have a separate
Book Review section (started by Irita
Van Doren) or review paperbacks. (You
could look it up.) It had the most vivid
serious sports page. (You could look it
up.) Walter Kerr redefined how you
could write about the theater. It was a
knowing New Yorker’s daily look at the
city, with some smart reporting on na-
tional and international events.’’
Donald H. Forst, a former assistant
managing editor, remembered that as
the underdog, the Trib ‘‘fought harder,
had wackier, brighter ideas, had great
passion and therefore was more crea-
tive.’’
‘‘You attracted people who were not
yet buffed by rejection or molded into
conventional ways of doing things,’’ he
continued. ‘‘You weren’t afraid to make
a mistake.’’
Perhaps the paper’s greatest legacy,
Mr. Forst said, was ‘‘it punched The
Times in the nose, which made The
Times a better paper.’’
One Trib alumnus, Maurice Carroll,
recalled that even a dozen years after he
joined The Times, his complaints about
changes in his copy would invariably be
met by an editor’s lament: ‘‘Oh, you
Trib guys.’’
When Homer Bigart, a famous World
War II correspondent and another Trib
alumnus who joined The Times, died in
1991, Clifton Daniel, a former Times
managing editor, recalled: ‘‘It seemed
ONLINE:
JOIN THE CONVERSATION
Chávez’s death may challenge China, a friend
‘‘Washington lacks money and new ideas to deal with the new reality in the
region. A reality in which China is now a major actor, driving the integration
process between Asia-Latin America. . . . Even the geopolitics of oil favors
China.’’
UZIEL NOGUEIRA—FLORIANÓPOLIS, BRAZIL
ihtrendezvous.com
As the underdog, the Trib
‘‘fought harder, had wackier,
brighter ideas, had great
passion and therefore was
more creative.’’
to me that he always looked down on
The Times, even when he worked there.
Its main fault, in his eyes, was that it
wasn’t the Trib.’’
If it was so good, why did it succumb?
‘‘By the time we came out of the
Second World War, the Trib was argu-
ably a better paper than The Times in
the sense of being better edited, better
written, graphically more pleasing,’’
Mr. Kluger said. ‘‘But it just didn’t have
the depth. It got overwhelmed by its fail-
ure to invest in itself for wider coverage
and more space. It was in last place in
the morning and couldn’t command the
advertising. And it was aRepublican pa-
per, a Protestant paper and a paper
more representative of
the suburbs
IN OUR PAGES
✴
100, 75, 50 YEARS AGO
1913 Dynamite Explosion Rocks State
BALTIMORE
An explosion of dynamite occurred
in the lower harbour at Baltimore this morning
[March 7], when more than 300 tons of the explo-
sive, being loaded on board the British steamship
AlumChine, blew up. Forty bodies are reported
to have been found. The British steamship sank,
and the loss of property is estimated at many
thousands of dollars. The explosion was terrific
and was heard distinctly for hundreds of miles
around. Maryland was shaken from end to end as
by an earthquake. The impact was felt or heard
in the southern parts of Delaware, New Jersey
and Pennsylvania, and even the Virginia State
Capitol rocked, and the State officials and em-
ployés rushed out in terror. Accounts vary re-
garding the circumstances, and the cause of the
explosion is unknown.
1938 Reich Fleet Twice Size of Britain’s
LONDON
The British government plan to spend
over £350,000,000 this year on its Air Force, Navy,
Army and air raid precautions was approved late
tonight [March 7] in the House of Commons after
a disquieting debate in whichWinston Churchill
charged that the Royal Air Force expansion had
fallen two years behind schedule and that Ger-
many possessed an air force more than twice as
strong as the British. Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain refused to commit himself as to the
relative strength of the British and German air
forces, but he did attempt to clear up his position
in connection with his attempts in Rome, Berlin
and London to make peace with Benito Mussolini
and Adolf Hitler. Mr. Chamberlain made it plain
that he was not afraid of the dictators and would
fight, if necessary, for democracy.
1963 Leading Soviet Editor Meets Pope
VATICAN CITY
Alexei Adzhubei, Soviet Premier
Nikita S. Khrushchev’s son-in-law and a self-de-
scribed convinced atheist, met Pope John XXIII
today [March 7] in one of the most unusual papal
audiences ever held. The 81-year-old head of the
Roman Catholic Church and the influential,
though unofficial, 39-year-old visitor fromRussia
provided a symbol of improving relations. Mr.
Adzhubei is editor of the Soviet government
newspaper ‘‘Izvestia.’’ Vatican sources warned
against attaching too much importance to his-
tory’s first private audience granted by a Pope to
a leading Soviet Communist. They said Pope
John holds it is the duty of the Church to foster
peaceful relations with all countries. ‘‘We talked
about advancing peace,’’ Mr. Adzhubei said after
the quarter-hour meeting in the pope’s library.
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3
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
Wor
ld News
asia
BRIEFLY
Asia
U.N. cites
problems
and progress
in Myanmar
GENEVA
BEIJING
60,000 could be relocated
for dam project, official says
China expects 60,000 people to lose
their homes in the remote southwest if
a series of four dams along the coun-
try’s last free-flowing river gets the go-
ahead, a local official said Thursday in
the first government estimate for relo-
cations.
The departing prime minister, Wen
Jiabao, vetoed the dams in Yunnan
Province on the Unesco-protected Nu
River, known outside China as the Sal-
ween, in 2005, after an outcry from en-
vironmentalists. But in January, the
government announced that dam build-
ing would resume, with the Nu River
high on the list for development.
Qin Guangrong, Yunnan’s Commu-
nist Party chief, told reporters on the
sidelines of China’s annual parliamen-
tary meeting that work had not yet be-
gun. But Li Siming, head of the prefec-
ture along the Myanmar border where
the dams would be built, said the pre-
fecture had already begun looking at
how to relocate people. ‘‘The initial esti-
mate is that 60,000 people will have to
be relocated,’’ he said. Most are from
the Lisu ethnic minority.
(REUTERS)
BANGKOK
Wildlife conference rejects
ban on polar bear trade
A proposal to ban the international
trade in polar bear parts was rejected
Thursday at a major international con-
ference on wildlife trade, highlighting
the difficulties of reaching a global con-
sensus on protecting many kinds of en-
dangered wildlife.
The polar bear proposal had been put
forward at a meeting of the Convention
on International Trade in Endangered
Species by the United States, but faced
opposition fromCanada, Greenland and
Norway, all of which have polar bear
populations. A compromise proposal by
the European Union that included ex-
port quotas and tagging to help control
illegal trade also was rejected.
Polar bear populations have come
under severe pressure as melting sea
ice has shrunk their habitats. At the
same time, soaring prices for polar
bear hides also have led to increased
hunting, said Dan Ashe, head of the U.S.
delegation at the Cites meeting.
BEIJING
Monastery accused of inciting protests
Chinese officials castigated a Tibetan
monastery at the center of a wave of
self-immolations on Thursday, saying
it had been inciting the fiery protests.
Wu Zegang, the governor of Aba Pre-
fecture in southwestern China, said the
local Kirti monastery was working with
exiled Tibetans to organize locals to set
themselves on fire. He did not offer any
concrete evidence for his claim.
(AP)
While reforms are noted,
report finds continued
torture and mistreatment
BY NICK CUMMING-BRUCE
Political reforms that are delivering
greater freedom in Myanmar could fal-
ter if the authorities do not tackle some
conspicuous failings, including continu-
ing torture in prisons and discrimination
against ethnic minorities, a U.N. investi-
gator said in a report released Thursday.
‘‘Reforms are continuing in the right
direction,’’ the investigator, Tomás Ojea
Quintana, concluded in the report, writ-
ten after a visit to Myanmar in Febru-
ary. But major shortcomings continue,
in particular the discrimination against
the Muslim Rohingya minority and
abuses in northern Kachin State, where
the military has engaged in fierce fight-
ing with minority rebels.
‘‘Now is the time to address these
shortcomings before they become fur-
ther entrenched and destabilize the re-
form process,’’ Mr. Ojea Quintana said.
Despite the progress of reforms,
‘‘there remains a large gap between re-
form at the top and implementation on
the ground,’’ he added.
The Myanmar authorities offered no
immediate, formal response to the as-
sessment.
Mr. Ojea Quintana’s report will be dis-
cussed next week at a meeting of the
U.N. Human Rights Council, against a
background of debate on whether it is
time to reward the sweeping changes in
Myanmar initiated by President Thein
Sein by ending its designation as a
‘‘country of concern,’’ acquired during
decades of ruthless military repression
and abuse.
It will also help to shape perceptions
of Myanmar at a point when Mr. Thein
Sein is touring Europe to try to generate
aid and investment, and seeking to dis-
pel any lingering doubts about his gov-
ernment’s intentions after decades of
isolation as a pariah state.
Taking stock of the changes that have
occurred sinceMr. Thein Sein took office
in December 2011, Mr. Ojea Quintana
noted that Myanmar had released about
850 political detainees under a series of
amnesties but said there were credible
reports that some 250 prisoners of con-
science remain incarcerated.
Mr. Ojea Quintana expressed particu-
lar concern over the treatment of Ro-
hingyas in Myanmar’s Rakhine State,
where clashes between Muslims and
Buddhists in October and November
left nearly 200 people dead. About
120,000 people are still displaced as a re-
sult of the violence.
KHINMAUNGWIN/THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
The site of the National League for Democracy congress in Yangon on Thursday. About 900 delegates will be attending and 120 people will be chosen for the party’s central committee.
Myanmar opposition seeks a fr
esh start
MYANMAR, FROMPAGE 1
‘‘Nobody dares to speak out in
front of Daw Aung San Suu
Kyi. That is a very bad thing.
It’s not out of fear. It’s out of
admiration.’’
tary-backed governing party.
Dr. Myo Nyunt, a former political
prisoner, described the new members
as ‘‘fishy and suspicious.’’
For those who spent many years in
prison, the notion of acceptingmembers
from the Union Solidarity and Develop-
ment Party, which is run by former gen-
erals, is hardly palatable.
Dr. Myo Nyunt said he would vote
only for party veterans, preferably
former inmates he knew during his time
in prison. The comportment of people in
prison is a good test of character, he
said. He offered these test criteria:
‘‘Was he selfish in prison? Was he a
good comrade who helped poorer pris-
oners?’’
Around 900 delegates will attend the
congress and 120 people will be chosen
for the party’s central committee. An
instruction sheet handed out to dele-
gates Thursday said there should be no
campaigning: ‘‘Delegates are not al-
lowed to make recommendations
among the candidates.’’ The party also
banned party members from giving in-
terviews ‘‘in the area of the confer-
ence.’’
no real leadership and no charisma.’’
Mr. Win Tin said the party leadership
was too old to be dynamic. Five mem-
bers of the central executive committee,
the party’s highest decision-making
body, are over 80 years old, he said.
Mr. Win Tin, who is in his 80s, is criti-
cal of his own diminished abilities. ‘‘We
are not really fit to work,’’ he said.
Even before the official opening on
Friday, delegates said the meeting was
off to a rocky start.
Htun Tin, a delegate from Kachin
State, in northern Myanmar, who
traveled 20 hours by bus to attend the
conference, said he was told to arrive at
the headquarters at 10 a.m. to pick up
his delegate’s access pass.
He waited until 6 p.m. before it was
ready.
‘‘The head office has been slightly
derelict in their duty,’’ he said.
SOE ZEYA TUN/REUTERS
Memorabilia in Yangon on Thursday at the party headquarters. It is seeking to renew itself
in preparation for elections in 2015, when it will face a party created by the former junta.
Mr. Win Tin, the senior party mem-
ber, lamented what he described as a
deficit of talent within the party.
‘‘Most of the members are more or
less mediocre at every level,’’ he said in
an interview late last year. ‘‘The young
men worship Aung San Suu Kyi. But
they are not qualified at all. They have
Malaysian f
orces kill 31 Filipinos on Borneo
MANILA
BY FLOYDWHALEY
The Malaysian security forces killed 31
Filipino gunmen on the island of
Borneo, officials said Thursday, and the
government rejected calls by the United
Nations for an end to the fighting.
At least 60 people, including eight
Malaysian police officers, have been
killed in a nearly monthlong conflict
over an attempt by followers of a Philip-
pines-based sultan to assert a historic
claim over parts of the island of Borneo.
‘‘The secretary general is closely fol-
lowing the situation in Sabah, Malay-
sia,’’ a statement from the United Na-
tions released Wednesday said. ‘‘He
urges an end to the violence and encour-
ages dialogue among all the parties for a
peaceful resolution of the situation.’’
CHINA
CONNECT
A spokesman for Jamalul Kiram III,
the leader of the group fighting in the
Malaysian state of Sabah, said the sultan-
ate was declaring a unilateral cease-fire
in response to the call by the United Na-
tions. He said an order had been given for
the group to take a ‘‘defensive position’’
and not to engageMalaysian troops.
‘‘Malaysia, reciprocate the call for the
cease-fire,’’ the spokesman, Abraham
Idjirani, said at a Thursday afternoon
news briefing.
Defense Minister Ahmad Zahid of
Malaysia rejected the calls by the
United Nations and the sultanate.
‘‘A unilateral cease-fire is not accep-
ted by Malaysia unless the militants
surrender unconditionally,’’ he said in a
statement, adding later: ‘‘Don’t believe
the cease-fire offer by Jamalul Kiram. In
the interest of Sabahans and all Malay-
sians, wipe out all the militants first.’’
PrimeMinister NajibRazak ofMalay-
sia said Thursday that President Be-
nigno S. Aquino III of the Philippines
had telephoned him after the U.N. state-
ment to get his reaction.
‘‘I informed President Aquino that
they need to surrender unconditionally
and their weapons have to be handed
over to us,’’ he said during a visit to La-
had Datu, the area where much of the
fighting has taken place.
Malaysian officials have called for the
extradition to Malaysia of the group’s
leader in Manila. Mr. Aquino said
Thursday that criminal charges were
being prepared against the sultan by
the country’s National Bureau of Inves-
tigation, and he rejected calls for an im-
mediate extradition. The Philippines
andMalaysia do not have an extradition
treaty, but they have a mutual legal as-
sistance agreement that facilitates the
capture and repatriation of fugitives.
‘‘Let our citizens here in the country
face the charges that we will be proffer-
ing,’’ saidMr. Aquino.
The situation began in mid-February
when about 200 people from the south-
ern Philippines arrived in a remote
coastal area of Malaysia and announced
that they weremembers of a royal army
in the service of the Sultanate of Sulu,
which ruled the southern Philippines
and parts of what is now the Malaysian
state of Sabah for centuries.
The group was initially received
peacefully, but after several requests by
the Malaysian and Philippine govern-
ments that it return to the Philippines,
violence broke out. The Malaysian au-
thorities have launched multiple as-
saults against the group, using fighter
jets, mortars and several battalions of
ground troops.
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North Korea thr
eatens pre-emptive strike on U.S.
itary strikes against the United States,
which it claimed was preparing to start
a war on the Korean Peninsula. On
Thursday, it ratcheted up its hostile lan-
guage by talking about pre-emptive nu-
clear strikes for the first time, citing on-
going joint U.S.-South Korean military
exercises as a proof that the Americans
and their allies were preparing for a nu-
clear war and ‘‘aimed to mount a pre-
emptive strike’’ on North Korea.
‘‘Now that the U.S. is set to light a fuse
for a nuclear war, the revolutionary
armed forces of the D.P.R.K. will exer-
cise the right to a pre-emptive nuclear
attack to destroy the strongholds of the
aggressors and to defend the supreme
interests of the country,’’ a spokesman
for the North Korean Foreign Ministry
said in a statement carried by the state-
runKorean Central News Agency, using
the initials of the country’s official
name, the Democratic People’s Repub-
lic of Korea.
The spokesman said that NorthKorea
was no longer bound by the armistice
ending the Korean War — and that its
military was free to ‘‘take military ac-
tions for self-defense against any target,
anymoment’’ —startingMonday, when
it declared the cease-fire terminated.
The resolution the United Nations
was about to adopt to imposemore sanc-
tions against the North ‘‘will compel the
D.P.R.K. to take at an earlier date more
powerful second and third counter-
measures as it had declared,’’ the
spokesman added, without elaborating.
North Korea had earlier vowed to
take such unspecified retaliatory steps
if the Security Council imposed more
sanctions against the country for its
third nuclear test on Feb. 12.
Few analysts believed that North Ko-
reawould launch amilitary attack at the
United States, which would be suicidal
for the regime. But officials in Seoul
feared that North Korea might attempt
an armed skirmish to test the military
resolve of Park Geun-hye, South
Korea’s first female president, who took
office less than two weeks ago.
SEOUL
BY CHOE SANG-HUN
NorthKorea threatened for the first time
on Thursday to launch a pre-emptive nu-
clear strike against the United States
and South Korea, issuing the warning as
the United Nations was preparing tough
new sanctions over its nuclear program.
The threat from the North Korean
ForeignMinistry came hours before the
U.N. Security Council approved tighter
financial restrictions on the already iso-
lated regime in Pyongyang.
Calling such sanctions ‘‘an act of
war,’’ North Korea has sharply escalat-
ed its rhetoric against the United States
and its allies in the last few days, declar-
ing the 1953 armistice that stopped the
Korean War null and void and threaten-
ing Tuesday to turn Washington and
Seoul into ‘‘a sea in flames’’ with ‘‘light-
er and smaller nukes.’’
North Korea had often warned that it
had the right to launch pre-emptive mil-
3
rd
edition
March 28-29, 2013 - PARIS
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FRIDAY, MARCH 8, 2013
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
world news
middle east africa americas
BRIEFLY
Americas
Web queries
help reveal
unreported
drug effects
Arkansas bans abortions
after 12 weeks of pregnancy
Arkansas has adopted what is by far
the United States’ most restrictive ban
on abortion— at 12 weeks of preg-
nancy, when a fetal heartbeat can be
detected by abdominal ultrasound.
The law, the sharpest challenge yet to
Roe v. Wade, was passedWednesday by
the newly Republican-controlled legis-
lature over the veto of Governor Mike
Beebe, a Democrat, who called it
‘‘blatantly unconstitutional.’’
The law contradicts the limit estab-
lished by the Supreme Court decision,
which give women a right to an abor-
tion until the fetus is viable outside the
womb, usually around 24 weeks into
pregnancy. Abortion rights groups
promised a quick lawsuit to block it.
RIODE JANEIRO
Death by firearms levels off
in Brazil after years of gains
The number of deaths by firearms in
Brazil has remained stable over the
past decade, which represents a partial
victory after yearly increases were
seen during the 1990s, a new report
says.
From 1990 through 2003, gun deaths
in Brazil rose an average of 7.3 percent
every year, peaking in 2003 at 39,300,
according to the report by Julio Jacobo
Waiselfisz, a researcher with the
Brazilian Center for Latin American
Studies and the Latin American College
of Social Sciences. The number of annu-
al deaths has remained at about 39,000
in the years since disarmament cam-
paigns begun in 2004.
(AP)
CONCORD, NEWHAMPSHIRE
233 years later, 20 slaves
are granted their freedom
When 20 slaves petitioned NewHamp-
shire 233 years ago seeking their free-
dom, lawmakers decided the time was
not right and delayed action.
OnWednesday, a Senate committee
unanimously recommended that the
full body posthumously emancipate the
14 petitioners who were never granted
freedom. The slaves’ petition was sub-
mitted to the NewHampshire General
Assembly on Nov. 12, 1779.
(AP)
Study’s findings precede
those by early warning
system of U.S. agency
BY JOHNMARKOFF
Using data drawn from queries entered
into Google, Microsoft and Yahoo
search engines, scientists at Microsoft,
Stanford University in California and
Columbia University in New York have
for the first time been able to detect ev-
idence of unreported prescription drug
side effects before they were found by
the U.S. Food and Drug Administra-
tion’s warning system.
Using automated software tools to ex-
amine queries by six million Internet
users taken from Web search logs in
2010, the researchers looked for
searches relating to an antidepressant,
paroxetine, and a cholesterol-lowering
drug, pravastatin. They were able to
find evidence that the combination of
the two drugs caused high blood sugar.
The study, which was reported in the
Journal of the American Medical
Informatics Association on Wednesday,
was based on data-mining techniques
similar to those employed by services
like Google Flu Trends, which has been
used to give earlywarning of the preval-
ence of the sickness to the public.
The F.D.A. asks physicians to report
side effects through a system known as
the Adverse Event Reporting System.
But its scope is limited by the fact that
data are generated only when a physi-
cian notices something and reports it.
The new approach is a refinement of
work done by the laboratory of Russ B.
Altman, the chairman of the Stanford
bioengineering department. The group
had explored whether it was possible to
automate the process of discovering
‘‘drug-drug’’ interactions by using soft-
ware to hunt through the data found in
F.D.A. reports.
The group reported inMay 2011 that it
was able to detect the interaction be-
tween paroxetine and pravastatin in
this way. Its research determined that a
patient’s risk of developing hyper-
glycemia was increased if he or she took
both drugs compared with either drug
individually.
The new study was undertaken after
Dr. Altman wondered whether there
BAZ RATNER/REUTERS
A U.N. vehicle crossing from Israel into Syria. The capture of 21 peacekeepers signaled an abrupt escalation in the Syrian conflict that has entangled international troops for the first time.
Philippine troops held by Syrian rebels
SYRIA, FROMPAGE 1
armed rebels.
Ms. Guerrero said that the peace-
keeping mission was ‘‘dispatching a
team to assess the situation and attempt
a resolution,’’ and that the Syrian au-
thorities had been asked to help.
The Philippine president, Benigno S.
Aquino III, said he believed that the
U.N. peacekeepers would be viewed by
both sides in the Syrian conflict as a
‘‘benign presence, so we don’t expect
any further untoward incident to hap-
pen.’’
A video uploaded on YouTube by a
group that identified itself as the Mar-
tyrs of Yarmouk claimed responsibility
on Wednesday for abducting the U.N.
troops and said they would be held until
Syrian government forces withdrew
from around Al Jamlah, the site of the
weekend clashes. The video does not
show any of the captives, but U.N. vehi-
cles are visible.
A speaker in the video warns in Arab-
ic: ‘‘If the withdrawal does not take
place within 24 hours, we will deal with
those guys like war prisoners. And
praise to God.’’
The threat underscored the widening
risk that the Syria conflict is destabili-
zing the Middle East, and raised new
concerns about the agendas of some Syr-
ian insurgent groups, just asWestern na-
tions, including the United States, were
grappling over whether to arm them.
At the United Nations, Eduardo del
Buey, a spokesman for Secretary Gen-
eral Ban Ki-moon, suggested that offi-
cials had long feared the possibility of
harm to the peacekeepers.
‘‘As the secretary general has said re-
peatedly, the spillover effects of the Syr-
ian crisis pose a danger to the region as
a whole and to the countries and the
areas in the neighboring states around
it, and Undof is no exception,’’ he said,
using the acronym for the Golan peace-
keeping mission.
Separately, Médecins Sans Fronti-
ères, the humanitarian aid organization,
said Thursday that Syria’s once-effi-
cient health care network had broken
down, with patients treated in caves and
basements as large numbers of hospit-
als closed and medical facilities became
tools ‘‘in the military strategies of the
parties to the conflict.’’
The report, issued in New York,
added to a catalog of woes this week as
the number of refugees fleeing the coun-
try exceeded a million and the schools
systemwas reported to have collapsed.
Rick Gladstone reported fromNew York,
and Alan Cowell fromLondon. Report-
ing was contributed by Isabel Kershner
from Jerusalem, FloydWhaley fromMa-
nila, Liam Stack fromNew York, Hania
Mourtada fromBeirut, David D. Kirk-
patrick fromCairo and Nick Cumming-
Bruce fromGeneva.
‘‘There is a potential public
health benefit in listening to
such signals and integrating
them with other sources of
information.’’
was a more immediate and more accu-
rateway to gain access to data similar to
what the F.D.A. had access to.
He turned to computer scientists at
Microsoft, who created software for
scanning anonymized data collected
froma software toolbar installed inWeb
browsers by users who permitted their
search histories to be collected. The sci-
entists were able to explore 82 million
individual searches for drug, symptom
and condition information.
The researchers first identified indi-
vidual searches for the terms paroxe-
tine and pravastatin, aswell as searches
for both terms, in 2010. They then com-
puted the likelihood that users in each
group would also search for hyper-
glycemia as well as roughly 80 of its
symptoms — words or phrases like
‘‘high blood sugar’’ or ‘‘blurry vision.’’
They determined that people who
searched for both drugs during the 12-
month period were significantly more
likely to search for terms related to
hyperglycemia than were those who
searched for just one of the drugs.
(About 10 percent, compared with 5 per-
cent and 4 percent for just one drug.)
They also found that people who did
the searches for symptoms relating to
both drugs were likely to do the
searches in a short time period: 30 per-
cent did the search on the same day, 40
percent during the same week and 50
percent during the same month.
‘‘You can imagine how this kind of
combinationwould be very, very hard to
study given all the different drug pairs
or combinations that are out there,’’
said Eric Horvitz, a managing co-direc-
tor of Microsoft Research’s laboratory
in Redmond, Washington.
The researchers said they were sur-
prised by the strength of the ‘‘signal’’
that they detected in the searches and
argued that it would be a valuable tool
for the F.D.A. to add to its current sys-
tem for tracking adverse effects.
‘‘There is a potential public health ben-
efit in listening to such signals,’’ they
wrote in the paper, ‘‘and integrating
them with other sources of informa-
tion.’’
The researchers said they were now
thinking about how to add new sources
of information, like behavioral data and
information from social media sources.
The challenge, they noted, was to inte-
grate new sources of data while protect-
ing individual privacy.
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Waiting for election results at a provincial reporting center in Nairobi. A breakdown in
computer equipment has created a long delay in counting ballots.
Kenyan premier asks
for halt to v
ote count
divisive politician who has been charged
with crimes against humanity, leading
Mr. Odinga, 53 percent to 41 percent. That
margin has remained about the same
since the first results began to trickle in.
This is Kenya’s first presidential election
since 2007, when widespread evidence of
vote-rigging set off ethnic clashes that
killed more than 1,000 people.
Prosecutors at the International
Criminal Court accuse Mr. Kenyatta,
along with his running mate, William
Ruto, of organizing some of that vio-
lence. Kenya has undertaken many ma-
jor reforms since then, including
passing a new constitution and over-
hauling its election process.
In this election, votes were supposed
to be transmitted directly from tallying
centers to election headquarters in
Nairobi, the capital, via encrypted data
messages over a cellphone network. But
the computer servers at the election
headquarters crashed Tuesday and now
election officials are tabulating results
manually, based on signed sheets of pa-
per from centers around the country.
Mr. Musyoka, Mr. Odinga’s running
mate, cited a list of complaints, saying
that biometric computer equipment
used to verify voters’ identities had
failed in most parts of the country and
that some areas reported results that ex-
ceeded 100 percent of voter registration.
‘‘Total collapse’’ is what he called it,
and he warned that after the violence of
the last election, ‘‘Kenyans can’t take
another problem of this sort.’’ But he
urged supporters not to take ‘‘mass ac-
tion’’ and instead to wait for a peaceful
resolution of the election dispute.
NAIROBI
Odinga, trailing, asserts
fraud in early results of
the presidential election
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BY JEFFREY GETTLEMAN
Election-related tensions rose steadily
in Kenya on Thursday after the party of
Prime Minister Raila Odinga, who has
been trailing in the vote, asserted that
preliminary election results had been
‘‘doctored’’ and that the counting pro-
cess needed to be stopped.
Millions of Kenyans voted onMonday
in an anxiously awaited presidential
election. A winner was supposed to
have been announced by now, but a
breakdown in computer equipment has
spawned long delays and mushrooming
anxieties.
‘‘We have evidence that the results
we are receiving have been doctored,’’
said Stephen Kalonzo Musyoka, Mr.
Odinga’s running mate. ‘‘The national
tallying process lacks integrity and has
to be stopped.’’
The election commission did not com-
ment immediately, and Mr. Odinga’s
campaign officials said they were con-
sidering seeking a court injunction to
immediately halt the tallying process.
His campaign also said it wanted to start
the counting again from the beginning,
with observers watching every step.
Partial results, with about half the
votes counted, show Uhuru Kenyatta,
the son of Kenya’s first president and a
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ONLINE:
NEWAPPROACH TO CARE
JohnMarkoff talks about the new study
as a step toward what is called
personalized medicine or data-driven
medicine.
global.nytimes.com/us
 ..
FRIDAY, MARCH 8, 2013
|
5
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
americas
world news
Cubans fear
the loss of
a top ally’s
patronage
HAVANA
BY VICTORIA BURNETT
The death of Hugo Chávez sent a ripple
of sadness and uncertainty across this
island as Cubans mourned the loss of an
ideological son and generous ally, and
worried about the economic pain that
could lie ahead if the new Venezuelan
leadership cut off hefty oil subsidies.
Granma, the Communist Party news-
paper, turned its red masthead to black
and white Wednesday—agesture Cu-
bans said was rare — and dedicated six
of its eight pages toMr. Chávez’s life, his
death and his legacy. In a statement that
covered the front page and was read on
national television Tuesday night, the
government hailed Mr. Chávez as a Cu-
ban and pledged its ‘‘resolved and un-
wavering support for the Bolivarian
Revolution in these difficult days.’’
Even those who had little time for Mr.
Chávez’s brand of socialismwondered if
Cuba would descend into an economic
chasm, much as it did in the 1990s, after
the Soviet Union collapsed.
Cuba receives more than 100,000 bar-
rels of oil a day from Venezuela, pur-
chased on favorable terms as part of an
exchange that has tens of thousands of
Cubans working in Venezuelan clinics,
schools and ministries. The subsidized
oil accounts for about two-thirds of
Cuba’s consumption.
‘‘It’s scary,’’ said Luis, a 39-year-old
engineer who did not want his full name
to be published because talking about
politics in Cuba is very delicate. ‘‘If
there is a change in Venezuela, they
won’t keep the deal like it is,’’ he said.
Other Chávez allies around the world
were grappling with his death as well.
The Iranian government declared a day
of mourning Wednesday, and local me-
dia reported that President Mahmoud
Ahmadinejadwould attendMr. Chávez’s
funeral Friday in Caracas. Through sev-
eral trips to Iran, Mr. Chávez forged an
alliance that has drawn Iranian con-
struction companies to several projects
i
n Venezuela and deepened their ties.
Thomas Erdbrink contributed reporting
from Tehran.
Crying ‘I am Chávez,’ leader mimics his mentor
VENEZUELA, FROMPAGE 1
its leaders, sometimes using barnyard
epithets. ‘‘The United States needs to
fix this,’’ Mr. Chávez said during the
call, which concerned the ouster of the
Honduran president in 2009. ‘‘You are
the only ones who can.’’
Beneath the bluster, U.S. diplomats
and analysts said, Mr. Chávez could be a
pragmatist, albeit a sometimes bom-
bastic one, and they hope Mr. Maduro
will prove to be even more of one.
‘‘I know Nicolás Maduro well,’’ said
William D. Delahunt, a former Mas-
sachusetts member of Congress.
But coming from Mr. Maduro, the
samewords seem to have a different im-
pact.
‘‘I don’t like Maduro because I feel
that he does things that incite hatred,
which is not a revolutionary feeling,’’
said Luis Marcano, 67, an unemployed
cook in Cumaná.
Mr. Maduro, whose father was in-
volved in far-left politics, became a polit-
ical activist as a young man, joining a
group called the Socialist League, trav-
eling to Cuba at one point for political
training. Back in Caracas, he took a job
as a bus driver and then shifted to union
activities.
Eventually, he became involved with
Mr. Chávez, who staged a failed coup in
1992. Mr. Maduro fought to have Mr.
Chávez released from prison and then
worked on his first presidential cam-
paign in 1998. He became a legislator
and then president of the National As-
sembly.
He later served six years as Mr.
Chávez’s foreignminister before he was
named vice president after the presi-
dent’s re-election in October.
During that long career by Mr.
Chávez’s side, Mr. Maduro earned a
reputation as an agile survivor of the in-
ner circle, where absolute loyalty was a
prerequisite. He was seen by many as a
yes man who kept his position by hew-
ing closely to his boss and taking care
not to outshine or contradict him.
‘‘Nicolás Maduro is a soldier that has
to obey orders, just like any other,’’ said
Rommel Salazar, 40, a teacher andmusi-
cian in Cumaná. ‘‘I will vote for him be-
cause I must obey Chávez’s instruc-
tions.’’
But he added a warning, saying that if
Mr. Maduro did not adhere to the line
set by Mr. Chávez, his followers would
hold him accountable. ‘‘He will have
nailed himself to the cross,’’ Mr. Salazar
said.
Ginger Thompson reported fromNew
York. Lizette Alvarez contributed re-
porting fromMiami, María Iguarán
from Cumaná, Clifford Krauss from
Houston, and Simon Romero from Cara-
cas.
ONLINE:
HUGO CHÁVEZ, 1954-2013
A selection of readers’ comments onMr.
Chávez’s legacy.
Mourners filled the streets of Caracas
to say goodbye to Mr. Chávez.
Mr. Chávez was a complicated man,
intensely loved or hated in Venezuela and
elsewhere.
global.nytimes.com/americas
‘‘I
know he’s a pragmatist.’’
The United States reached out to Mr.
Maduro last November to gauge in-
terest in improving the relationship. He
responded positively, and the two na-
tions held three informal meetings in
Washington, the last one taking place
after it was clear that Mr. Chávez’s con-
dition was severe, U.S. officials said.
The Venezuelans wanted to once
again exchange ambassadors, but
Washington insisted on smaller steps to
build trust, and it seemed that a tenta-
tive plan was in place, U.S. officials said.
But then the talks stalled this year and
have not resumed, leaving U.S. officials
wondering about Mr. Maduro’s true in-
tentions toward the United States.
‘‘Maduro is just beginning to govern
and create his own identity,’’ a State De-
partment official said. ‘‘I don’t believe
we had ever concluded one way or an-
other whether he was a moderating in-
fluence. Our effort to reach out and cre-
ate a more productive relationship was
not based on a belief that he would be
easier to deal with necessarily.’’
Most U.S. diplomats and political ana-
lysts agreed that the start of the post-
Chávez landscape looked bleak; Mr.
Maduro accused the United States of
plotting against the country and ex-
pelled two U.S. military attachés. But
some observers saw the moves as an
overtly calculated — one analyst called
it ‘‘inelegant’’ — attempt by Mr. Ma-
duro to unify a traumatized country bra-
cing for Mr. Chávez’s death, appeal to
the president’s supporters and propel
his own chances of winning an election
to succeed him.
One past sign of Mr. Maduro’s willing-
ness to listen to critics —which was not
one of Mr. Chávez’s strong points—was
his attendance at meetings with mem-
bers of the Venezuelan opposition that
were held in the United States after a
2002 coup that briefly removed Mr.
Chávez. The sessions were organized
ESTEBAN FELIX/THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Nicolás Maduro, second from left, wore a windbreaker with the national colors, as Hugo Chávez did, at the funeral procession in Caracas.
Chávez’s death could soften the hostility
his government had toward foreign in-
vestment in exploration and refining.
‘‘It makes sense that Maduro will be
more pragmatic to get the country go-
ing,’’ said Jorge R. Piñon, former presi-
dent of Amoco Oil Latin America. He
said he had talked with several oil exec-
utives and come away surprised by
their optimism.
‘‘Industry executives believe that
there is a high probability that aMaduro
administration will be a bit more realist-
ic on what is needed to increase the
country’s oil production,’’ Mr. Piñon
said, ‘‘and change the investment mod-
el to attract more foreign investment.’’
On the streets, the vast majority of
Chávez supporters say theywill vote for
Mr. Maduro, often for the simple reason
that Mr. Chávez told them to before he
died. At the procession on Wednesday,
some actually chanted as the coffin
passed, ‘‘Chávez, I swear it, I will vote
for Maduro!’’
But there are some Chávez loyalists
who say they are unhappy with Mr. Ma-
duro, at times for reasons that illumin-
ate the drawbacks inherent in his polit-
ical mimicry.
In the eastern city of Cumaná onWed-
nesday, some ardent Chávez supporters
said they found Mr. Maduro’s constant
attacks on the political opposition too
jarring—a startling assertion, sinceMr.
Maduro uses virtually identical lan-
guage to the phrases popularized byMr.
Chávez, repeating the same insults and
put-downs, calling his opponents
‘‘good-for-nothings’’ and accusing them
of selling out the country to the United
States.
Nicolás Maduro earned a
reputation as an agile survivor
of the president’s inner circle,
where absolute loyalty was a
prerequisite.
by Mr. Delahunt and took place in Hy-
annis Port, Massachusetts, prompting
participants to call
themselves ‘‘El
Grupo de Boston.’’
But more recently Mr. Maduro has
shown himself as a hard-liner, lashing
out at his political enemies and lambast-
ing Henrique Capriles Radonski, the
state governor he will probably face in
the election, for his recent trip to New
York.
Among oil executives and analysts,
there was cautious optimism that Mr.
C.I.A. histo
ry challenges nominee
American public and even their own col-
leagues — possibly including Mr. Bren-
nan himself — a deeply distorted ac-
count of its nature and efficacy. After a
bipartisan start in 2009, Republican
staff members refused to participate in
the writing of the report, making the
four-year effort largely the work of
Democratic committee staff members.
The agency missed a Feb. 15 deadline
to complete a review of the report,
which has 35,000 footnotes referring to
six million documents from C.I.A. files.
It now appears likely that the response,
offering the committee any factual cor-
rections or broader judgments, will be
delayed until Mr. Brennan’s arrival.
Because Mr. Obama famously said he
preferred to look forward, not back at
his predecessor’s counterterrorismpro-
grams, the Senate report is by far the
most thorough examination of how the
United States came to use nudity, cold,
sleep deprivation, stress positions, wall-
slamming and waterboarding, methods
it had long condemned as abuse or tor-
ture.
Mr. Brennanwill have to decidewheth-
er to support making a redacted version
of the interrogation report public, as the
committee is likely to support after the
C.I.A. completes its review and as a U.N.
human rights adviser urged this week
.
owed by disputes over the targeted
killings of terrorism suspects Mr. Bren-
nan has overseen from theWhite House.
On Wednesday, the day after the Sen-
ate committee approved Mr. Brennan’s
nomination in a bipartisan 12-to-3 vote,
Senator Rand Paul, Republican of Ken-
tucky, joined by a handful of other senat-
ors, carried out a filibuster on the nom-
ination, protesting the Obama
administration’s refusal to rule out
drone strikes on U.S. soil in a national
emergency. He ended the filibuster
early Thursday, and approval of the
nomination was expected soon.
Senator John D. Rockefeller IV, who
as the Intelligence Committee’s senior
Democrat battled to exercise oversight
over the interrogation program in its
early years, called the new report ‘‘the
most in-depth and substantive over-
sight that the committee has under-
taken in its entire history’’ and said it re-
vealed ‘‘severe problems at the C.I.A.’’
Mr. Rockefeller, of West Virginia, said
he had spoken with Mr. Brennan at
length about the report’s findings. ‘‘I
know that he’s as appalled by many of
the facts in the report as I am,’’ he said.
‘‘John has the expertise, knowledge of
the workings of the C.I.A., and the will to
make sure that nothing similar ever
happens again.’’
But Mr. Brennan has already been
caught between opposing partisan cur-
rents. Senator Saxby Chambliss of
Georgia, the committee’s Republican
vice chairman, said at Mr. Brennan’s
Feb. 7 confirmation hearing that the
nominee had told him the report ‘‘was
not objective’’ and called it ‘‘quote, ‘a
prosecutor’s brief written with an eye
toward finding problems.’ ’’
If the C.I.A. pronounces the report
‘‘wrong,’’ Mr. Chambliss said, he hoped
Mr. Brennan would be willing to stand
up for such a conclusion.
For his part, Mr. Brennan said at his
hearing that if the report’s 350-page ex-
ecutive summarywas right, he had him-
self been misinformed about the pro-
gram. That would be an extraordinary
development, since hewas deputy to the
agency’s third-ranking official in 2002
and 2003, when the program was at its
height. He has said that he had no role in
running the program and that he ex-
pressed disapproval of the brutal meth-
ods privately to unidentified colleagues.
‘‘I don’t know what the facts are or
the truth is. So I really need to look at
that carefully and see what C.I.A.’s re-
sponse is,’’ he said.
‘‘What I’mmost interested in, is find-
ing out what went wrong— if this report
is, as stated, accurate, what went wrong
in the systemwhere there were system-
ic failures, where there was misman-
agement or inaccurate information,’’
Mr. Brennan said. ‘‘I would need to get
my arms around that, and that would be
one of my highest priorities if I were to
go to the agency.’’
WASHINGTON
Report places Brennan
in cross-fire on methods
seen by some as torture
BY SCOTT SHANE
John O. Brennan’s first difficult chal-
lenge at the C.I.A. may not be confront-
ing the agency’s future, but its past.
Mr. Brennan, whose nomination was
seen Thursday as nearing confirmation
by the Senate, will take charge at the
agency where he worked for 25 years
just as it faces a sweeping indictment of
its now-defunct interrogation program
— a blistering, 6,000-page Senate study
that includes incendiary accusations
that C.I.A. officials for years systemati-
cally misled the White House, the
Justice Department and Congress
about the so-called enhanced interroga-
tion techniques like waterboarding that
were used on Qaeda prisoners.
By the account of people briefed on
the report, it concludes that the program
was ill-conceived, sloppilymanaged and
far less useful in obtaining intelligence
than its supporters have claimed.
‘‘It’s a potential minefield for John
Brennan,’’ said Mark M. Lowenthal, a
former assistant C.I.A. director and
former House Intelligence Committee
staff director.
The still-classified report by the Sen-
ate Intelligence Committee will place
Mr. Brennan squarely in the cross-fire
betweenDemocratic critics of what they
call a morally and practically disastrous
experiment in torture, and some Repub-
lican defenders who say the report is
biased and fault President Barack
Obama for banning coercive interroga-
tions. And it could place Mr. Brennan in
a difficult position inside the agency’s
headquarters in suburban Virginia.
If he endorses the Senate report, he
will be criticizing the many C.I.A. of-
ficers who worked on the program and
challenging the stance of former direc-
tors, notably George J. Tenet, who over-
saw the brutal interrogations, and Mi-
chael V. Hayden, who has fervently
defended them.
‘‘The career work force will be watch-
ing,’’ said John A. Rizzo, a top agency
lawyer for 30 years before retiring in
2009. ‘‘Hundreds who were part of the
seven-year E.I.T. program — and who
still believe it was the right and essen-
tial thing to do — are still there,’’ he
added, referring to enhanced interroga-
tion techniques.
The report, according to statements
from some senators and descriptions
fromothers who have reviewed it, docu-
ments in exhaustive detail howC.I.A. of-
ficials and consultants who ran the pro-
gram gave top Bush administration
officials, members of Congress,
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‘‘It’s a potential minefield for
John Brennan.’’
Several Democratic senators and at least
one Republican, Senator John McCain of
Arizona, who was tortured as a prisoner
in North Vietnam, have said that a de-
classified version must be released, and
Mr. Brennan said he would give the re-
quest ‘‘serious consideration.’’
He will have to decide whether to con-
vene what the agency calls an account-
ability board to recommend punish-
ment for current or former officials
accused of mismanaging or misrepres-
enting the interrogation program. If he
tries to keep the peace by dismissing the
dispute as history and a distraction
from the agency’s current challenges,
he will face strong resistance from the
Senate committee’s Democratic major-
ity andMr. McCain.
But Emile A. Nakhleh, a former top
C.I.A. analyst on political Islam who
once worked for him, said Mr. Bren-
nan’s work as Mr. Obama’s top counter-
terrorism adviser, intimate knowledge
of the agency and blunt style equip him
well to handle the task.
‘‘It will be challenging, but if there’s
any person who can take this on, it’s
Brennan,’’ Mr. Nakhleh said. ‘‘He may
say some harsh things about the pro-
gram, and some people won’t like it. But
the institution will benefit.’’
In the month since Mr. Brennan’s pub-
lic confirmation hearing, the interroga-
tion issue has been largely overshad-
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