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ROGERCOHEN
THE2-STATE
IMPERATIVE
PAGE9
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VIEWS
INFAMOUSNO.1
AROMANTIC’S
NAUGHTYHIT
PAGE12
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CULTURE
UNABLETORISE
GEOGRAPHY
ASU.S.DESTINY
PAGE16
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BUSINESS WITH
....
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
TUESDAY,JULY23,2013
GLOBAL.NYTIMES.COM
Facebook
setsitssights
onworld’s
poorestusers
E.U.adds
Hezbollah’s
armedwing
toterrorlist
MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA
BRUSSELS
Pared-downapplications
aimto expanditsreach
inthedevelopingworld
Butbloc couldbelimited
inplacingsanctions
onLebanesemilitants
BYVINDUGOEL
Facebookhasbeenquietlyworkingfor
morethantwoyearsonaprojectthatis
vitaltoexpandingitsbaseof1.1billion
users:gettingthesocialnetworkonto
thebillionsofcheap,simple‘‘feature
phones’’thathavelargelydisappeared
intheUnitedStatesandEuropebutare
stillthenormindevelopingcountries
likeIndiaandBrazil.
Facebooksoonplanstoannouncethe
firstresultsoftheinitiative,whichit
callsFacebookforEveryPhone:More
than100millionpeople,oraboutoneout
ofeightofitsmobileusersworldwide,
nowregularlygainaccesstothesocial
networkwithmorethan3,000different
modelsoffeaturephones,somecosting
aslittleas$20.
Manyofthoseusers,whorankamong
theworld’spoorestpeople,paylittleor
nothingtodownloadtheirFacebook
newsfeedsandphotos,withthedata
usesubsidizedbyphonecarriersand
manufacturers.
Facebookhasonlyjustbeguntosell
adstothesecustomers,soitmakesno
moneyfromthemyet.Butthecountries
inwhichthesimplephonesoftwareis
doingbest—Brazil,India,Indonesia,
MexicoandVietnam—areamongthe
fastest-growingmarketsforuseofthe
Internetandsocialnetworks,according
totheresearchfirmeMarketer.
Likemanyothergiantsofthetechnol-
ogyindustry,Facebookisstruggling
withtheseismicshiftofitscustomers
awayfromcomputerstomobiledevices
andtheerosionofprofitthatcanbring.
Lastyear,thecompanyoverhauled
itsappsforAppleiPhonesandAndroid-
basedsmartphonestoimprovemobile
access,whileintroducingnewtypesof
adsthatnudgeuserstoinstallnew
gamesorotherappsontheirphones.
Butcustomergrowthindevelopedmar-
ketsliketheUnitedStateshasstill
slowedmarkedlybecausejustabout
everyonewhowantstobeonFacebook
hasalreadyjoinedthenetwork.
AnalystssayFacebookhasapowerful
opportunitytowinthelong-termloyalty
ofmillionsofnewglobalusersbygiving
themtheirfirsttasteoftheInternet
throughFacebookonsimplecellphones.
‘‘Inalotofforeignmarkets,people
thinkthattheInternetisFacebook,’’
saidClarkFredricksen,avicepresident
ateMarketer.
Thoseusers,Facebookhopes,willbe-
comemoreattractivetoadvertisersas
theirincomesgrowandtheygain
broaderaccesstotheWeb.
Thefeaturephoneprojectwasdriven
byasmallgroupofpeoplewhojoined
Facebookin2011,whenitboughtastart-
upcalledSnaptu.Theteamhadtore-en-
gineerFacebook’ssoftwaretoshrink
drasticallytheamountofdatasentover
slowcellularnetworks.Theyalsohadto
findawaytodisplayfamiliarFacebook
featureslikechatandphotosquicklyon
phoneswithverybasiccomputing
BYJAMESKANTER
ANDJODIRUDOREN
E.U.foreignministersaddedthemilitary
wingofHezbollah,theLebaneseShiite
militantgroup,toalistofterroristorgan-
izationsonMonday.Butquestionsim-
mediatelyaroseabouttheeffectiveness
oftheaccompanyingsanctions,which
areexpectedtoincludeassetfreezes.
Theshift inE.U.policytoward
HezbollahcomesastheUnitedStatesis
tryingtobrokeranewroundoftalksin
theMiddleEastpeaceprocessthat
couldstartinthenextweekorso.
Themovealsohastheeffectofbring-
ingtheEuropeanUnionmoreintoline
withtheU.S.approachtotheregion,
aftertheblocinfuriatedIsraellastweek
byslappingitwithfinancingrestric-
tionstopushittoresolveitsconflict
withthePalestinians.
‘‘ItisgoodthattheE.U.hasdecidedto
callHezbollahwhatitis:aterroristor-
ganization,’’FransTimmermans,the
foreignministeroftheNetherlands,
saidinastatementshortlyafterthede-
cision.Themovewouldhavetheeffect
of‘‘limitingitscapacitytoact,’’hesaid.
Europeandiplomatssaidgovernment
expertswouldneedadayormoreto
agreeonhowtophraselanguagetopun-
ishonlythearmedwingofHezbollah,
whichisalsoLebanon’smostpowerful
politicalpartyandwhosesocialarm
runsschools,clinicsandhospitals.
Thatdeclarationisexpectedtoaffirm
thattheUnion’sauthoritieswillmain-
taincontactswithallpoliticalpartiesin
Lebanon,includingHezbollah,andthat
‘‘legitimatefinancialtransfers’’toLeb-
anoncancontinue,thediplomatssaid.
Askedabouttheeffectivenessofthe
measures,CatherineAshton,theEuro-
peanUnion’stopforeignpolicyofficial,
saidatanewsconferenceafterthe
meetingthat,‘‘ofcourseit’spartlya
politicalsignal.’’
Themovecouldpavethewayfor
travelbansonindividuals.Butimpos-
ingsuchbanswouldrequiretheUnion
totakeadditionalsteps.
Alsocomplicatingtheapplicationof
thedecisionistheintensesecrecysur-
roundingHezbollah’smilitaryactivi-
ties.Whilethegroup’spoliticalleaders
arewellknown,itsfightershidetheiraf-
filiation,sometimesfromtheirownfam-
ilies.Eventheidentitiesofthegroup’s
highestrankingmilitarycommanders
usuallybecomepubliclyknownonly
aftertheirdeaths.
‘‘Therearesomedistinctionswithin
Hezbollahitself,’’WilliamHague,the
Britishforeignsecretary,saidwhileleav-
ingthemeeting.‘‘Theydohaveapolitic-
alcouncilandamilitary,ormilitary-
equivalentcouncil,’’Mr.Haguesaid.
But‘‘that’snottosaythatisexactly
theneatdistinctionthatcanbemade,’’
heacknowledged.
Hezbollahdidnotofferanyimmedi-
atepublicreaction.ButAlManar,its
televisionnetwork,reportedthede-
DIEGOIBARRASANCHEZFORTHENEWYORKTIMES
AchildreceivingapoliovaccineontheoutskirtsofKarachi,Pakistan.U.S.dronestrikesandtheC.I.A.’suseofafakevaccinationcampaignhavefueledoppositiontothevaccinations.
Fightingpolioandpublicdoubt
vaccinationcampaign,andincensedby
U.S.dronestrikes,oneofwhich,hesaid,
hadstruckthesonofamanheknew,
blowingoffhishead.Hehadcometosee
thewaronpolio,thelongest,mostex-
pensivediseaseeradicationeffortinhis-
tory,asaWesternplot.
InJanuary,his2-year-oldson,Mush-
araf,becamethefirstchildworldwideto
becrippledbypoliothisyear.
‘‘IknownowImadeamistake,’’said
Usman,32,who,likemanyinhisPash-
tuntribe,usesonlyonename.‘‘Butyou
globaleffortagainstpolio.InDecember,
ninevaccinatorswereshotandkilledin
Pakistan,andtwoTalibancommanders
bannedvaccinationintheirareas,say-
ingtheimmunizationscouldresume
onlyifdronestrikesended.InJanuary,
10vaccinatorswerekilledinNigeria’s
Muslim-dominatednorth.
Sincethen,therehavebeenisolated
killings—ofanactivist,apoliceofficer
andvaccinators—eachofwhichhas
temporarilyhaltedthecampaign.
KARACHI, PAKISTAN
AngeroverAmericanforeign
policyhasledtoadisastrous
setbackforthecampaign.
BYDONALDG.MCNEILJR.
Usman,wholimpsonalegbowedbythe
poliohecaughtasachild,madesure
thathisfirstthreechildrenwereprotec-
tedfromthedisease,butheturned
awayvaccinatorswhenhisyoungest
wasborn.
HewasfuriousthattheU.S.Central
IntelligenceAgency, initshuntfor
OsamabinLaden,hadstagedafake
Americanshavecausedpaininmycom-
munity.Americanspayforthepolio
campaign,andthat’sgood.Butyou
abusedahumanitarianmissionfora
militarypurpose.’’
AngerlikehisoverU.S.foreignpolicy
hasledtoadisastroussetbackforthe
PAKISTAN,PAGE4
Thatdeep-pocketedartbuyer?
It’sanoil-richbidder:Qatar
countrywithenormouswealthandcul-
turalambitionstomatch:Itisbuying
artatalevelneverseenbefore.
‘‘They’rethemostimportantbuyers
ofartinthemarkettoday,’’saidPatricia
G.Hambrecht,chiefbusinessdevelop-
mentofficerfortheauctionhousePhil-
lips.‘‘Theamountofmoneybeingspent
ismindboggling.’’
Thepurchasingisdirectedthrough
intermediariesbySheikaal-Mayassa
bintHamadal-Thani,chairwomanof
theQatarMuseumsAuthorityandasis-
terofQatar’snewemir.Atage30,she
hasbecomeoneofthemostinfluential
playersintheartworld.
Nooneknowsexactlyhowmuch
SheikaMayassahasspentonbehalfof
BYROBINPOGREBIN
Thepriceshavebeenrecordbreaking,
andstartling.
Morethan$70millionforRothko’s
‘‘WhiteCenter’’in2007,ahighwater
markfortheartist.
Morethan$20millionlaterthatyear
foraDamienHirstpillcabinet,thena
recordforalivingartist.
And$250millionforCézanne’s‘‘Card
Players’’in2011,thehighestknown
priceeverpaidforapainting.
Giventhesecrecyoftheartmarket,
fewknewatthetimewhohadlaidout
suchunprecedentedsums.
Butithasbecomeclearthatthose
masterpiecesandmanymorehave
beenpurchasedbyQatar,atinyGulf
THEYORCKPROJECT:10.000MEISTERWERKEDERMALEREI
Qatar’srulingfamilyboughtPaulCézanne’s‘‘TheCardPlayers’’forarecord$250million.
FACEBOOK, PAGE17
QATAR, PAGE7
H EZBOLLAH,PAGE7
WORLDNEWS
Femalegenitalcuttingpersists
AU.N.studyhasfoundthepractice
deeplyentrenchedacrossAfrica,
despitesomeprogresstoendit.
BUSINESS
DeutscheBankmaysellassets
TheGermanbank,oneofthelargestin
theworld,indicatedMondaythatit
couldshrinkitsstockpileoffinancial
holdingsifneededtomeettougher
regulatoryrequirements.
VIEWS
ArareopeninginIran
SoonafterHassanRouhanitakesoffice,
theUnitedStatesmusttestwhether
Tehran’snewpoliticalalignmentwill
producejusthappytalkorrealpolicy
change,CliffKupchanwrites.
Artthief’s motherchangestack
ThemotherofanallegedRomanianart
thiefhasdeniedherearlieraccount
thatshehadburnedpaintings.
PAGE6
PAGE7
PAGE16
PAGE8
Venezuela’sfailedrevolt
TheCairoprotestsagainstMohamed
Morsiremindedmeoftherevoltin
Venezuelain2007againstHugo
Chávez,whichdidnotsucceed,Daniel
Lansberg-Rodríguezwrites.
Investmentvs.bailouts
Fouryearsintotheeurozone’sdebt
crisis,itmaybetimetostartinvesting
inweakeconomiesratherthanbailing
themout,PaulTaylorwrites.
PAGE20
PAGE8
Bigmoviesfailtoexcitefans
ApopcultureconventioninSanDiego
findsthepublicbemoaningasameness
infilmsasseveralmajorproductions
disappointattheboxoffice.
ONLINE
Taiwandebatesex-leader’s fate
ChenShui-bian,aonce-eloquent
formerpresidentofTaiwanwhois
servinga20-yearprisontermfor
corruption,appearstobesufferingfrom
severehealthproblems.Anemotional
debateisunfoldingoverwhetherMr.
Chen,whoisseenbysomeasa
troublemakerandsomeasapioneerof
democracy,shouldbegrantedmedical
parole.
PAGE17
SPORTS
Greatrace.Butdidyoudope?
EvenasChrisFroomebaskedinhis
TourdeFrancetriumph,thedarkcloud
ofdopinghungovertheevent.Akey
problemforthesportmaybethatithas
lostcredibility.
PETERMACDIARMID/GETTYIMAGES-AFP
Britainexpects
RoyalfanswaitingoutsideSt.Mary’sHospitalinLondon
afterthepregnantDuchessofCambridgearrivedMonday.
global.nytimes.com/world
PAGE15
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2
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TUESDAY,JULY23,2013
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
PAGETWO
Ondrones,
Germans
playfortime
countriesthatdonothavedrones,and
theUnitedStateswillwidenevenfur-
ther,addingmorestrainstothealli-
ance,expertssay.Anotherissueisthe
lackofdiscussioninGermanyoverthe
differencesbetweencombatandsur-
veillancedrones,andwhateachshould
beusedfor.
‘‘Onthearmed-droneissue,noGer-
mangovernmenthasanyintentionsof
usingdronesthewaytheU.S.does,’’
Mr.Kaimadded,referringtohowthe
Obamaadministrationhadusedcom-
batdronestotargetandkillterrorism
suspectsinPakistanandYemen.
ButwhiledefenseexpertsintheGer-
manParliamentacceptthatarmed
dronescouldbeusedtoprotectGer-
mantroops,forexampleinAfghanis-
tan,thepublicisdesperatelyafraid
thattheuseofdroneswouldreducea
deep-seatedreluctancetouseforce.
OliverMeier,researcherattheInsti-
tuteofPeaceResearchandSecurity
PolicyatHamburgUniversity,argues
thatsoldiersoperatingthedronesfrom
afarmighthavefewerinhibitions
againstusingthemthaniftheywere
exposedtodanger.
Implicitly,hequestionsifdrones
mightmakeiteasierforGermansto
acceptusingforce.‘‘Thisisanewway
ofwagingwarwhichcouldhavefar-
reachingconsequences,’’Mr.Meier
saidrecently.
Butasdronesbecomepartofmod-
ernwarfare,theSocialDemocrats
couldbecallingforaEuropeanlegal
frameworktoregulatetheiruse.Ithas
failedtodothat—ashaveMs.
Merkel’scenter-rightgovernmentand
otherEuropeangovernments.
Europeancountries‘‘haveremained
essentiallydisengagedastheeraof
dronewarfarehasdawned,’’saidAn-
thonyDworkin,authorofanewreport
ondronesfortheEuropeanCouncilfor
ForeignRelationsresearchgroup.One
reasonisthattheEuropeansaredi-
videdovertheuseofdrones.Another
isthatiftheEuropeanUniondidhave
adebateabouttheuseofarmed
drones,itwouldmeancriticizingthe
Obamaadministration.
‘‘TheEuropeansaretornbetweena
reluctancetoaccuseObamaofbreak-
inginternationallawandanunwilling-
nesstoendorsehispolicies,dividedin
partamongthemselvesandinsome
casesboundbycloseintelligencerela-
tionshipstotheU.S.’’Mr.Dworkinsaid.
Securityanalystssaysuchreluc-
tancetoforgeacommonstanceis
shortsighted.IftheEuropeanUnion
basesitsforeignpolicyonhuman
rightsandtheruleoflaw,thenthe
memberstatesshouldagreethatale-
galframeworkisneededratherthana
free-for-allsystem.
Moreover,thiscouldbethetimeto
engagetheUnitedStates.President
BarackObamarecentlyannounced
tighterregulationsfortheuseof
dronesinamajorspeechonthewaron
terrorism.
TheEuropeans—andGermansin
particular—couldhaveusedthat
speechtobeginatrans-Atlanticdebate
overtheuseofarmeddrones,experts
said.Buttheydidn’t.Instead,analysts
believeGermanyisplayingfortimebe-
forebroachingtheissue.‘‘Thedroneis-
sueisanelectionissue,’’Mr.Kaimsaid.
Andoncetheelectionisover?IfMs.
Merkel’scoalitionisre-elected,Mr.de
Maizièrehasalreadyannouncedanew
armeddronesprogram.Butnoneofthe
problemsthatappearedovertheEuro
Hawkhavebeensolved—leastofall
thepublic’shostilitytothisnewclassof
weapons.
Judy
Dempsey
LETTERFROMEUROPE
Withjusttwomonthsleftbe-
foreGermany’sfederalelection,the
oppositionSocialDemocraticPartyis
strugglingtoreverseitspoorstanding
intheopinionpolls.
Atleast15percentagepointsbehind
ChancellorAngelaMerkel’sconserva-
tives,theparty’sleadershipistryingto
tapintoanyissueitbelievescouldwin
votes.Onesuchissueisthepublic’sop-
positiontoarmeddrones.
Lastmonth,theexecutiveboardof
theSocialDemocratsdecided‘‘toop-
posetheacquisitionanduseofarmed
dronesandtooutlawweaponssystems
thatarefullyautomatic.’’Ithopedthis
wouldbeahighlypopularissue.
‘‘Youcanseewhy,’’saidElizabeth
Quintana,headofmilitarytechnology
andinformationstudiesattheRoyal
UnitedServicesInstituteinLondon.
‘‘Thereisaknee-jerkreactionto
armeddronesinGermany.Germans
areagainsttheuseofforce.’’
ThereisanotherreasontheSocial
Democratsarelatchingontothedrone
issue.Thepartywantstoembarrass
thegovernment,par-
ticularlyThomasde
Maizière,thedefense
ministerandoneof
Ms.Merkel’smost
loyallieutenants.
Mr.deMaizière
hadrecentlybecome
embroiledinascan-
daloverthedevelop-
mentoftheEuro
Hawkarmeddrone
system,aversionoftheAmerican
GlobalHawkdrone.
AfterGermany’sarmedforceshad
spentmorethan¤600million—or$790
million—ontheproject,itturnedout
thattheEuroHawklackedcertain
technicalcapabilitiesthattheAmeri-
canswerenotpreparedtoshare.Fur-
thermore,thedroneshadnotbeencer-
tifiedtoflyinEuropeancivilianor
militaryairspace.Asthisstorybroke,
itbecameclearthattheGermanmili-
taryhadpursueditsdroneprogram
withminimumtransparencyoncosts
andviability.
Mr.deMaizièrehassofarwithstood
thecallsforhisresignation.Thescan-
dal,however,hasgalvanizedpublicop-
positionagainsttheuseofdrones.Yet
thecontroversydisguisesseveralissues
thatwillhavetobedealtwith,regard-
lessofwhichpartywinsinSeptember.
‘‘Oneisthetechnologicalaspect,’’
saidMarkusKaim,headofresearch
andasecurityanalystattheGerman
InstituteforInternationalandSecurity
AffairsinBerlin.‘‘Germanyisbeing
leftbehind.ApartfromtheUnited
StatesandIsrael,manycountrieshave
oraredevelopingarmeddrones,such
asBritain,ChinaandIndia.’’
Inpractice,thismeansthatthetech-
nologicalgapbetweenmostNATO
BERLIN
DEMETRIUSFREEMAN/THENEWYORKTIMES
WineCare,acompanyinNewYorkthatsafeguardswines,wasfloodedinOctoberduringHurricaneSandy.Customerssaytheyarebeingdeniedaccesstoevenasinglebottle.
AvintageManhattanmystery
TheGerman
publicfears
thattheuse
ofdrones
wouldreduce
adeep-seated
reluctanceto
useforce.
timsofHurricaneSandy,’’hesaid,
‘‘mostofwhichsufferedagreatdeal
morethanyourclientshave.’’
Tryingtoascertainthefateofthe
winehasbecomearelentlesscrusade
forsomeoftheownersandamatterof
fascinationwithintheranksofwinecol-
lectors.
‘‘EveryoneintheNewYorkwine
worldisawareofit,’’saidJamieRitchie,
presidentoftheauctionhouseSothe-
by’sWine.
DerekL.Limbocker,aonetimein-
vestmentbankerandsocietyfigurewho
foundedWineCareandmadeitintoone
ofthelargestwine-storagecompanies
intheUnitedStates,haspubliclymain-
tainedthatmostofthewineunderhis
careissafe.
Hedidnotreturncallsrequesting
comment.
Underquestioningatacreditors’
meetinginMarch,Mr.Limbockerdis-
closedthatfloodwatersandhumidity
hadliftedthelabelsoffasmanyas100
cases;cardboardboxescontainingthe
winesdisintegrated,andthousandsof
bottlesbrokeastheywereluggedupor
downthestairwellsofthewarehouse.
Customersdonotknowtheextentof
thedamage,becausetheirrepeatedre-
queststoviewvideofromtheround-
the-clock,16-channelsurveillancesys-
temfeaturedinthemarketingmaterials
havebeendenied.
‘‘It’sthecraziestthingI’veever
seen,’’saidWilliamC.Carmody,atrial
lawyerwhostoredabout29casesof
wineatWineCarethathesaysare
worth$104,000.‘‘I’mstillbeingcharged
amonthlyfee.Butyoucannevergeta
straightanswer.’’
InJanuary,onedaybeforePhilipWa-
termanIII,arealestateinvestorwith
$300,000worthofwineatWineCare,
wastoconductacourt-orderedinspec-
tionofhis198casesofwine,Mr.
Limbockerblockedthemaneuverbyfil-
ingforbankruptcyprotection.
Mr.Limbocker’slawyer,LawrenceV.
Gelber,latertoldthecourtthathisclient
needed‘‘aproverbialbreathingspell.’’
Mr.Waterman,Mr.Drapkinandoth-
ersrecentlyfiledamotionaskingthe
bankruptcycourttoappointatrusteeto
overseeWineCareandtoblockthecom-
pany’spendingmovetoawarehousein
JerseyCity,NewJersey.
Theysaidinalegalbriefthattheyhad
‘‘lostfaithinDerekLimbocker’sjudg-
ment,hismanagementability, and,
mostimportantly,hisintegrity.’’
JudgeGerberdeniedtherequestand
expressedlittlesympathyfortheir
plight.Atahearinglastmonth,hesaid
therehadbeennoevidenceofcriminal
conductandinsteadportrayedthemas
overlyeagertogettheirwinewhenthey
wantedit.
‘‘Whatwehaveinsteadisafailureto
meetpredictions,notevenpromises,’’
thejudgesaid.
GeorgeR.BunnJr.,alawyer,winecol-
lectorandmemberoftheBunncoffee
makerfamily,saidthatMr.Limbocker,
hisfriend,wasthevictimofanaturalca-
tastrophe.HeacknowledgedthatWine-
Care’seffortstogetitscellarsinorder
hadtaken‘‘anawfullylongtime.’’
‘‘Derekisanhonest,straightguy,’’
saidMr.Bunn,whohadwinestoredat
WineCare.‘‘Theytellmethat95percent
ofthewineshouldbefine.Weallhope
we’renotpartofthe5percent.’’
Awineenthusiastwhoonceowneda
liquorstoreontheUpperEastSideof
Manhattan,Mr.Limbockersawabusi-
nessopportunityin2005whenhe
had3,870bottlesatWineCare,saidthe
stormwatersshouldnothavedamaged
thewine.Butrapidchangesintempera-
tureandhumiditycanhurtwine.And,
sheadded,‘‘youcan’tsella$1,000bottle
ofwinewithoutalabel.’’
Intheaftermathofthestorm,Mr.
Limbocker,whoismarriedtoamember
oftheduPontfamily,sentane-mailto
customerssayingthatworkerswerecar-
ryingthecasesofwinefromthetemper-
ature-controlledcellarstohigherfloors.
Twoweekslater,with50casesofwine
pilingupathisParkAvenueco-op,Mr.
WatermanaskedMr.Limbockerforad-
viceonanalternativestoragefacility.
Mr.WatermanalsoofferedtogiveMr.
Limbockertemporaryspaceinoneof
hisbuildings.
ButrelationsturnedsourinDecem-
ber,afterMr.LimbockertoldMr.Water-
manhehad‘‘absolutelynoidea’’when
hecouldgetaccesstohiswine.Mr.Wa-
termansoonfiledsuitagainstWineCare
instatecourt.
‘‘Finewine,suchasthatinMr.Water-
man’scollection,isfragileandcaneas-
ilybedamagedifnotkeptinaclimate-
controlledenvironment,’’thesuitsaid.
Somerestaurantownerswhostored
theirwineatWineCare, likeKeith
McNally,arealsoseekingdamages,be-
causetheywereforcedquicklytobuy
hundredsofcasesofwineattopprices
inordertoservediners.
TwoofMr.McNally’srestaurants—
MinettaTavernandMorandi—filed
claimsforacombined$2millionworth
ofwineand$1millionindamages.
Asthelegaltroublesmounted,Mr.
Limbockerfiledforbankruptcyprotec-
tion.Hepleadedfortime,sayinghedid
notwanttostopthebottle-by-bottle
cleaningoftheinventorytofindthe
wineofafewlargecollectors.
‘‘It’s impossiblewithoutscanning
thousandsofcasesofwinetofindany
particularclient’scasesofwine,’’his
lawyertoldthecourt.
InMay,someofthewineowners—in-
cludingMr.Waterman;LucioA.Noto,
formervicechairmanofExxonMobil;
andBarryS.Volpert, partnerat
CrestviewPartners,aninvestmentfirm
—filedmotionsaskingthecourttoap-
pointatrusteeandtoblockMr.
Limbocker’splantorelocate.
Thecollectorslostonbothcounts;the
wineisheadedtoNewJersey.
NEW YORK
Whathappenedto wine
worth millions?Judge
mayhaveto sortitout
BYCHARLESV.BAGLI
WineCaremarketeditselfasahigh-se-
curitycellarthatstores,catalogsand
caresfor27,000casesofwineinthebase-
mentofaManhattanwarehouse,char-
gingsubstantialfeestosafeguardcollec-
tionsworthtensofmillionsofdollars.
Buttherewasoneproblem:Thecellar
wasjustashortwalkfromtheHudson
River.AndwhenHurricaneSandystruck
lastyear,thewatercamerushingin.
Eightmonthslater,WineCarehasbe-
comethesceneofoneofthestrangest
storiestoemergefromthestorm,fea-
turinghigh-stakeslegalbattlesandtop-
shelfluxury.
Shortlyaftertheflooding,theowner
sentcustomersareassuringe-mail:
‘‘Webelieveatleast95percentofthe
winewearestoringisfine.’’
Butsincethen,WineCare,whichonce
offeredasame-daydeliveryservice
fromitswarehouse,hassteadfastly
deniedcustomersaccesstoevenasingle
bottleoftheirwine,includingChâteau
RayasChâteauneuf-du-Pape,Kistler
chardonnayandRousseauChambertin.
Amidconcernthatcentury-oldbottles
havebeenspoiledorcelebratedvin-
tagesrenderedanonymousbylostla-
bels,someofthecity’smostprominent
winecollectors—includingDonald
Drapkin,ahedgefundmanagerwhoes-
timatedthevalueofhiswinecollection
at$5.2million—havesuedWineCare,
whichisnowinbankruptcycourt.
HurricaneSandykilled44peoplein
NewYorkCitywhenithitinOctober
anddamagedordestroyed305,000
homesinNewYorkStatealone,making
thestormoneofthemostdestructive
evertostriketheUnitedStates.Sode-
spitetheextraordinarypricesassoci-
atedwiththebottlesinperil,thefateofa
cellarofexpensivewineshasnoteli-
citedmuchpublicsympathy.
Eventhefederaljudgehearingthe
case,RobertE.Gerber,scoldedlawyers
forthewineownersfortheirlevelofur-
gency.‘‘Therewerethousandsofvic-
‘‘It’sthecraziestthingI’veever
seen.I’mstillbeingchargeda
monthlyfee.Butyoucan
nevergetastraightanswer.’’
openedWineCareinthecellarsofa
brickwarehousethatcoveredanentire
block.Heandhispartners,including
oneofthewarehouseowners,pitched
theirservicetocollectors,restaurants
andwineshops.
WineCarefeaturedeverythingthe
discerningoenophilewouldwant.Cool-
erskeptthestoragecellarsataconstant
55degreesFahrenheit(12.8Celsius)
and60percenthumidity, idealcondi-
tionsforpreservingoldbottles.There
wasa24-hoursecuritysystemandso-
phisticatedsoftwarefortrackingthelo-
cationofeachbottle.
Asrarewineshiftedfromjustalux-
uriousindulgencetoaninvestment
commodity,thecompanygrewrapidly,
untilOctober,whenthestormsentwa-
tergushingintothecellars.
HortenseBernard,thegeneralman-
agerofMillesimaUSA,awinestorethat
JudyDempseyiseditorinchiefofStra-
tegicEuropeatCarnegieEurope.
(www.carnegieeurope.eu)
jdempsey@iht.com
E-MAIL:
IN OUR PAGES
✴
100,75,50YEARSAGO
1913RecommendationforPolo
LONDON
feng.AForeignOfficespokesmanindi-
catedthatTokiowouldprobablymakea
seconddémarcheinMoscowfollowing
thefailureofthefirst.‘‘Thechancesofa
friendlysettlementthroughdiplomatic
channelsdonotyetappeartobeex-
hausted,’’saidaWarOfficespokesman.
‘‘WedonotwantwarwithRussiaatthe
presenttimewhenweareoccupiedwith
China,butwehaveatourdisposalonthe
Manchukuoanfrontierthenecessary
forcestofaceanyeventuality.’’
‘‘Helmetswornbypoloplayers
shouldbesecurelyfastened,sothatin
theeventofaponyfallingoranyother
accidentoccurring,thehelmetwouldre-
mainontherider’shead.’’Thissugges-
tionwasmadebyajuryattheinquestat
Mortlakeyesterday[July22]onLieu-
tenantThomasClaytonHarman,aged
twenty-six,ofthe20thHussars,whodied
onSaturdayfrominjuriessustainedina
polomatchbetweenthe2ndLifeGuards
andthe20thHussars,atRanelagh,on
Thursday.Theverdictwas‘‘Accidental
death.’’Theumpireofthematchstated
thattherewasascrimmagejustinfront
oftheLifeGuards’goal,andLieutenant
Harmanwenttohita‘‘backhander.’’He
missedanddirectlyafterwardturnedhis
ponyroundtotheleft,withtheresult
thatLieutenantMurraySmith,whowas
comingupbehindhim,collidedwithhim.
LieutenantHarman’sponycamedown,
anditsriderfellonthebackofhishead.
HistoricU.S.whalingshiprefurbishedandsetafloat
1963KiteDeviceNets$35,000
WASHINGTON
NooneevertoldFrancis
Rogallotogoflyakite,butwhenhislow
governmentsalarykepthimfromlearn-
ingtopilotairplanes,thatisjustwhathe
didtosatisfyhisinterestinaerodynam-
ics.Thishobbypaidoffyesterday[July
21]whenhewaspresentedwithacheck
for$35,000attheheadquartersofthe
NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdmin-
istration.Themoneyrepresentsatoken
ofthegovernment’sappreciationtoMr.
Rogallo,whosekite-flyingexperiments
ledtoasolutionofoneofthechiefprob-
lemsofhowtobringastronautssafely
backtoearth.Mr.Rogallodesigneda
devicethathandleslikeaparachute(it
foldsawaywhennotinuseandbillows
open).Thedevicealsoactslikeanair-
planewing(itprovidesthe‘‘lift’’neces-
sarytokeepavehiclealoftandmaneu-
verit).Hecallshisdevicea‘‘parawing’’
or‘‘paraglider.’’
werehandtools,whichiswhytheship’s
hullisnotperfectlysmooth.
Shortlyafter3p.m.Sunday,Sarah
Bullard,adescendantofCharlesWaln
Morgan,oneoftheship’soriginalown-
ers,christenedtheshipwithatwo-
handedswingofabottlecontainingwa-
terfromtheseaswhereitspentits80-
yearwhalingcareer.
TheMorganwasbuiltin1841inNew
Bedford,Massachusetts,thenthewhal-
ingcapitaloftheworld.In1941,its
centennialyear,itwastowedtoMystic
Seaportformuseumdisplay,andin1966
itwasnamedanationalhistoricland-
markbythefederalgovernment.
Althoughmostoftherestorationis
complete,shipyardworkerswillrigthe
Morganandrestoreitsinterioroverthe
next10monthstogetitreadyforatwo-
monthvoyagetohistoricportsinNew
England—includingNewport,Rhode
Island,NewBedfordandBoston—next
spring.
MYSTIC, CONNECTICUT
BYMICHAELLEBOND
AU.S.historiclandmarkslowlyslidinto
thewaterovertheweekend,tocannon
fireandthecheersofthousandsofspec-
tatorsonlandandinboats.
Afternearlyfiveyears,about$7mil-
lionandapainstakingrestorationby
morethan60people,theCharlesW.
Morgan,believedtobethelastsurviv-
ingwoodenwhalingvesselintheworld,
wasagainafloat—172yearsafterits
construction.
‘‘Onceit’sfloating,it’saliveagain,’’
saidQuentinSnediker,directorofthe
shipyardattheMysticSeaportmu-
seum,whowasinchargeoftherestora-
tion.
Therestorersusedoriginalbuilding
techniqueswherepossible.Forex-
ample,theytriedtoensurethatthelast
toolstorefinenewobjectsontheship
1938JapanDisclaimsWarThreat
TOKIO
FacedwithMoscow’sunflinching
standontheRusso-Manchukuoanbor-
derdispute,Japan,whichstartedwarm-
ingupthewardrumsyesterday[July
21],beataretreattoday,takingtheatti-
tudethatTokiohadneverthreatened
Moscowwiththeuseofforce,norhadJa-
panbrokenoffnegotiationsforthewith-
drawalofSoviettroopsfromthehillnear
thedisputedfrontiertownofChangku-
LISAWILTSEFORTHENEWYORKTIMES
TheCharlesW. Morgan,believedtobethelastsurvivingwoodenwhalingvesselinthe
world,wasputafloat—172yearsafteritsconstruction—inConnecticutasamonument.
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TUESDAY,JULY23,2013
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THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
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TUESDAY,JULY23,2013
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
WorldNews
ASIA
Inwaronpolio,PakistanfightsU.S.-fueledmistrust
PAKISTAN,FROMPAGE1
Thewaronpolio,whichcosts$1bil-
lionayearandisexpectedtotakeat
leastfivemoreyears,hangsinthebal-
ance.Whenitbegan25yearsago,
350,000peopleayear,mostlychildren,
wereparalyzed.Lastyear,fewerthan
250were,andonlythreecountries—Af-
ghanistan,NigeriaandPakistan—have
neverhalteditsspread.
Whilesomeexpertsfearthekillings
willdevastatetheeffortinPakistan,the
governmentinsiststhattheywillnot,
andhastakenstepstoensurethat.Vac-
cinators’paywasraisedto500Paki-
stanirupees,or$5,adayinthemost
dangerousareas,policeandarmyes-
cortswereincreasedandcontrolrooms
werecreatedtospeedcrisisresponses.
Buttherealurgencytofinishthejob
beganearlier,foraverydifferentrea-
son.Twoyearsago,India,Pakistan’s
rivalinfieldsasvariedasnuclear
weaponsandcricket,eliminatedpolio.
‘‘Nothingwoundedourprideasmuch
asthat,’’saidDr.ZulfiqarA.Bhutta,a
vaccineexpertatAgaKhanUniversi-
ty’smedicalschool.
BillGates,whoisthecampaign’s
largestprivatedonorandcallsbeating
thedisease‘‘thebigthingIspendthe
majorityofmytimeon,’’saidthatPaki-
stan’sdesiretonotbefurtherhumiliat-
ed‘‘isourbiggestasset.’’
AfterIndia’ssuccessandhintsfrom
theWorldHealthOrganizationthatit
mightissuetravelwarnings,Pakistan’s
governmentwentonanemergency
footing.Acabinet-level‘‘poliocell’’was
created.Vaccinators’routinepaydou-
bledto250rupees.Morethan1,000‘‘mo-
bilizers’’werehiredtovisitschoolsand
mosquestocountertheever-swirling
rumorsthatthevaccinecontainedpork,
birthcontrolhormonesorH.I.V.,thevi-
rusthatcausesAIDS.
Mullahswerecourtedtoendorsevac-
cination.Theyissued24fatwas,and
glossybookletsoftheirdirectiveswere
printedforvaccinatorstocarry.
Perhapsmostimportant,localcom-
mandwasgiventodeputycommission-
ers,whohavepolicepowersthathealth
officialslack.
Pakistaniscloserthanever.Although
caseswillnotpeakuntilafterthesum-
mermonsoons,therehavebeenonly21
sofarthisyear.Afewyearsago,39sub-
strainsofthepolioviruscirculated;now
onlytwodo.About300,000childrenlive
inareastoodangerousforvaccinators,
butalmostallthesewagesamplesfrom
thoseareasareclearofthevirus.
Ultimately,though,successwillde-
pendonmorethanpoliticalwillandthe
rivalrywithIndia.Aftertherecent
killings,itwillrelymostofallonindi-
vidualactsofcourage,likethoseby
prominentimamswhoposeforpictures
astheyvaccinatechildren.
OrbyUsman,whoappearedwith
Musharaf,hispolio-strickenson,ina
videoaskingrichGulfnationstobuy
vaccinesforpoorMuslimselsewhere.
Orbyvolunteers,likethewomenof
theBibifamily,inKarachi,whoformeda
vaccinationteam.Twoofthem,Madiha,
18,andFahmida,46,weregunneddown
inDecember.Televisionnewsshowed
femalerelativeskeeningovertheirbod-
ies.Notonlyarethosewomenstillvac-
cinating,butMadiha’s15-year-oldsister
alsovolunteeredforherspot.
‘‘AllthechildrenofPakistanareour
children,’’saidGulnazShirazee,31,who
leadstheteam.‘‘It’suptoustoeradic-
atepolio.Wecan’tstop.Ifwe’retoo
afraid,thenwhowilldoit?’’
PHOTOGRAPHSBYDIEGOIBARRASANCHEZFORTHENEWYORKTIMES
Achildwatchingavaccinationteam’spoliceescortinKarachi,Pakistan’slargestcity. Pakistanisoneofthreecountriesintheworld,alongwithAfghanistanandNigeria,thathaveneverhaltedthespreadofpolio.
AngeredbytheC.I.A.’sstagingofafakevaccinationcampaignasacoverforintelligence-gathering,Usmanre-
fusedtohavehissonMusharafvaccinated.Musharafbecamethefirstchildintheworldtocontractpoliothisyear.
SaifUlahbegginginaKarachistreet,crippledbypolio.He contractedthediseasewhenhewas8yearsold.The
globalefforttoeradicatepoliocosts$1billionayearandisexpectedtolastatleastfivemoreyears.
AMOVINGTARGET
Ifthereisonespotwherepoliomay
makeitslaststand,itisacrapedslum
calledShaheenMuslimTownNo.1inPe-
shawar,ahotbedofanti-Westernmilit-
ancy.Sincesamplingbegan,itssewers
havenevertestednegativeforthevirus.
ItisaneighborhoodofmigrantPash-
tunfamilieswhorentroomsbrieflyand
moveon,lookingformenialjobspicking
fruitormakingbricks.Onarecentsunny
afternoon,itsalleyswerefullofcarts
drawnbydonkeyswhosefaceswere
decoratedwiththeredprintsofhands
dippedinhenna.Manywomenworethe
fullburqapopularinAfghanistan.
Inthispartoftheworld,virtuallyall
thosewithpolioarefromthePashtun
tribe,inwhichresistancetovaccination
ishighest.ItisAfghanistan’slargest
ethnicgroupandthewellspringofthe
Taliban,butaminorityinPakistan.Pa-
kistaniArmysweepsandU.S.drone
strikeshavedrivenmanyPashtuns
fromtheirmountainvalleysintocities.
PeshawarworriesevenDr.Elias
Durry,anoptimisticpoliospecialist
withtheW.H.O.‘‘Youcanget90percent
vaccinecoverage,andcomebackafew
monthslater,andit’s50percent,’’he
said.‘‘Peoplejustmovesoquickly.’’
Shaheen’s sewers are concrete
trenchesabout30centimeters,or12
inches,deep, intowhichwastewater,
renderedmilkywhitebydishsoap,flows
frompipesexitingmud-brickhouses.A
childreachingintooneforasticktoplay
withshowedhoweasilythevirus,car-
riedinfecalmatter,couldspread.
Thoughtheareahascleanwaterfrom
awell,thesteelpipeitflowsthroughat
timesdipsinsidetheseweragetrench.
Ithasdentswheretruckshavebanged
it,anditispiercedbyconnectors,some
attachedjusttorubberhoses.
‘‘Pipedwaterwithsewagemixedinis
worsethannopipedwater,’’saidDr.
BhuttaofAgaKhanUniversity’smedic-
alschool.‘‘Sometimesruralpopulations
haveitbetter.Theycarrywaterfrom
forbyWesterndonors.
‘‘Peopletellus,‘Weneedschools,we
needroads,weneedhousing,andall
youbringourchildrenispolio,polio,
polio,’’’saidMadiha,ablack-veiled
Gadapvaccinator.
Inthemiddleoflastyear,itbecame
knownthatin2011,theC.I.A.hadpaida
localdoctortotrytogetDNAsamples
fromchildreninsideanAbbottabad
compoundtoprovetheywererelatedto
BinLaden.
Eventhoughthedoctor,ShakilAfridi,
whoisnowservinga33-yearsentence
fortreason,wasofferingahepatitisvac-
cine,angerturnedagainstpoliodrops.
Leadersofthepolioeradicationeffort
couldnothavebeenmorefrustrated.
Theywerealreadyfightingnewrumors
thatvaccinatorswerehelpingsetdrone
targetsbecausetheyhavepracticeslike
markinghomeswithchalksothatfol-
low-upteamscanfindthem.Now,after
yearsofreassuringnervousfamilies
thattheteamswerenotpartofaC.I.A.
plot,herewasproofthatonewas.
‘‘Itwasahuge,stupidmistake,’’Dr.
Bhuttasaid.
AngerdeepenedwhenU.S. law-
makerscalledDr.Afridiaheroand
threatenedtocutoffaidifhewasnotre-
leased.TheW.H.O.andUnicef,afraidof
offendingtheUnitedStates,didnot
protestpublicly.Unicef’sexecutivedi-
rector,AnthonyLake,isaformerWhite
Housenationalsecurityadviser,which
puttheU.N.agencyinanawkwardposi-
tion,anagencyofficialsaidonthecondi-
tionofanonymitybecauseofthesensi-
tivityoftheissue.
ButthedeansofadozentopU.S.pub-
lichealthuniversitieswrotealetterof
protesttotheObamaadministration.
Mr.Gatessaidheendorsedit,thoughhe
wasnotaskedtosign.Healsosaidhe
discussedtheissuewithTomDonilon,
theformernationalsecurityadviser,
thoughhewouldnotgivedetailsofthe
conversation.
FISTFULSOFRUPEES
Newoppositionhasforcedtheadoption
ofnewgroundtactics.
Dr.QaziJanMuhammad,theformer
deputycommissionerofKarachiEast,
calledhisapproach‘‘amixofcarrots
andsticks.’’
Entireapartmentbuildingswere
missed, hesaid, becausePashtun
watchmenwereshooingawayvaccinat-
ors.
‘‘Ihadthepolicetellthem:‘Either
youletthemin,oryougobehindbars,’’’
hesaid.
Hehadtrafficcirclesblockedso
teamscouldapproacheachcar,andhe
ledsometeamshimselfholdingfistfuls
ofrupees,worthabout1U.S.centeach.
‘‘Isawagirl,about11,carryingher2-
year-oldsister,’’hesaid.‘‘Igavehera
10-rupeenoteandsaid,‘Willyouallow
metogivedropstoyoursister?Youcan
getsweetsforyourself.’’’
‘‘Shetoldallthechildren,‘Amanis
givingaway10rupees,’andtheyall
camerushing.Ivaccinated400kidsfor
only4,000rupees.’’
Thesewersofhisdistrict,whichhas
severalmillioninhabitants,arenowvi-
rus-free.
Thecountry’snewdeterminationhas
alsobroughtRotaryInternationalback
tothefrontlines.
Theclub,foundedinChicagoin1905,
startedtheglobalpolioeradication
drivein1988.Ithashadchaptersinwhat
isnowPakistansince1927,andisnow
ledbyAzizMemon,ahard-drivingtex-
tilemagnate.
Mr.Memon,70,andotherRotary-af-
filiatedexecutiveshaveusedtheir
moneyandpoliticalconnectionstokeep
thepressureon.Theycompensatedthe
killedvaccinators’relativesandheld
newsconferencesatwhichthefamilies
urgedotherstocontinuefighting.
Rotariansalsoworkinplacesthatter-
rifygovernmentofficials.Inanindustri-
alneighborhoodinKarachi,whereboth
gangsandtheTalibanholdswayafter
dark,AbdulWaheedKhanoversawa
Rotarypolioclinicinhisschool,Naune-
halAcademy.Abig,gregariousman,he
angeredtheTalibanbyadmittinggirls
tohisacademyandofferingaliberal
artseducationinsteadofonlyKoran
study.Hisonlysecuritywaslocalteen-
agerswhorodemotorcyclesbesidehis
cartokeepanyonefrompullingup
alongside.
InMarch,hehostedDr.RobertS.
Scott,the79-year-oldCanadianchair-
manofRotary’spoliocommittee,who
flewintovaccinatechildrentoprove
thatthefightwouldgoondespitethe
Decemberkillings.
‘‘Ihadafatwaputonmyhead,’’Mr.
KhansaidinAprilasheledatourofthe
clinic.‘‘TheysaidIwasJewish.Ihada
friendissueacounter-fatwasayingI
wasagoodMuslim.’’
OnMay13,Mr.Khanwaskilledby
gunmenwhoalsowoundedhis1-year-
olddaughter.
Hisclinicwillnotclose.‘‘Noonecan
replaceWaheed,butlifehastogoon,’’
Mr.Memonsaid.
andamother,outsidetheirhomeandat
timesbackedbyotherwomenonthe
bus,insistingthechildrenbeprotected.
NeartheAfghanborder,wherethou-
sandsofchildrenliveinvalleysunder
Talibancontrol,teamsdothesameat
military roadblocks. At hospitals,
nurseswillpackextradosesofthevac-
cineoniceforfamilieswillingto
smuggleittoneighbors.
Somefrontierclanchiefshavelost
theirgovernmentstipendsforopposing
vaccination, and officials have
threatenedtodenyidentitycardsto
theirclans.Butthechiefsareinabind;
theTalibanhaveassassinatedmanyfor
cooperatingwiththegovernment.
Mr.MemonofRotaryopposeswhat
hecalled‘‘thesecoercivegimmicks.’’
‘‘Wecan’ttwistarms,’’hesaid.‘‘We
wanttowinthemoverwithloveandaf-
fection.’’
Amonghundredsofmenwearing
turbansandtopeesatKarachi’smain
trainstation,MuhammadArshadstood
out inhisbluebaseballcapwith
Rotary’sbrightyellowgearwheel.
Threadinghiswaythroughthecrowd
squattingonPlatform1,hepickedout
childrenyoungerthan5.
‘‘Whataniceboy,’’hesaidtoSohail
Ameer,chuckinghisinfant,AbadurRa-
hann,underthechin.‘‘MayIgivehim
dropsagainstpolio?’’
Mr.Ameeragreed,anditwasoverin
seconds.Abadurlookednervous,buthe
didnothowlandsquirmlikesome.
AftertheDecemberkillings,Mr.Ar-
shadworriedbriefly,hesaid.‘‘Butthen
Ithought:Thisisgoodwork,andGod
willprotectme.’’
Friendlystrangerscameuptothe
Rotarytabletosuggestheplayitsafe
andquit.Herepliedthattherailroadpo-
licewouldprotecthim.
Hiswifetriedthehardest.
‘‘ButItoldher,’’hesaid,‘‘ifamanhas
todie,hecandieevenathome.I’mgo-
ingbacktowork.’’
‘‘Americanspayforthepolio
campaign,andthat’sgood.But
youabusedahumanitarian
missionforamilitarypurpose.’’
theriver,andtheydefecateinopen
fields,sothere’snomixing.’’
Pakistanichildrensufferdiarrheaso
oftenthathalfthecountry’syoungare
stuntedbyit.Polioimmunityislow,
eveninvaccinatedchildren,because
othervirusescrowdthegutreceptorsto
whichthevaccineshouldattach.
AttheclinicinShaheen,thedoctor
runningthepoliodrivecomplainedthat
hegottoolittlepolicehelp.
‘‘Ihave28teams,soIrequested56
constables,’’hesaid.‘‘Iwasgiven12.’’
Hesaidtheunderpaidofficersinevi-
tablyknockedoffatmiddaybecause
theirstationhouseservesahotmeal.
Thesameproblemwasechoedin
GadapTown,aKarachineighborhood
wherevaccinatorswerekilledinDecem-
ber.Asateamworkeditswayfrom
housetohousewithareporter,ithad
everyreasontofeelsecure:Becausethe
visitwasarrangedbyanofficial,sixof-
ficerswithAK-47scamealong.
Butanotherteampassingbywas
guardedonlybyanagedsergeantwith
acudgel.
‘‘Yes,wehaveasecurityproblem,’’
Dr.SyedAli,alocalofficial,saidquietly
onasidestreet.‘‘Whatisastickinfront
ofagun?’’
TheisolationandpovertyofthePash-
tuntribeunderlieitsresistance.Many
ofitsimamsarefromIslam’sfunda-
mentalist Deobandi sect, which
emergedinthe19thcenturyasareac-
tiontoBritishcolonialism.
ManyPashtunneighborhoodsre-
ceivefewgovernmentserviceslike
healthclinics,pavedstreetsorgarbage
collection,butdohaveshinynewbill-
boardstrumpetingthepoliofightpaid
‘THISISGOODWORK’
Rotaryalsosponsorsatacticusedto
reachchildrenfromareastoodanger-
ousforhomevisits:‘‘transitpoint’’vac-
cinating.
Atatollboothonthehighwayinto
Karachi,GhulamJilani’steamtakesad-
vantageofanarmycheckpoint.Assol-
diersstopeachbustosearchforguns,
Rotaryvaccinatorshopaboard.Ona
typicalday,theyreach800children.
Yes,Mr.Jilanisaid,thesoldiers’pres-
encemayintimidatesomeresistantfam-
iliesintocomplying.Also,headded
brightly:‘‘Wescarethemalittle.Wesay,
‘Youareenteringacitywiththedisease.
Don’tyouwantyourchildrensafe?’’’
About90percentcomply,hesaid,
sometimesafterapublicargumentbe-
tweenafatherwhobelievestherumors
....
TUESDAY,JULY23,2013
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