International Herald Tribune 20130719, International New York Times
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CINEMATICDOOM
THEAPPEALOF
THEAPOCALYPSE
PAGE9
|
CULTURE
ROGERCOHEN
TIMETOMOVE
PASTDAYTON
PAGE6
|
VIEWS
APPLE’STVPLAN
THEBENEFITS
OFCOOPERATION
PAGE15
|
BUSINESS WITH
....
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
FRIDAY,JULY19,2013
GLOBAL.NYTIMES.COM
Artheist
saidtoend
inburningof
masterpieces
Leakercase
takestollon
tiesforU.S.
withMoscow
PARIS
WASHINGTON
Woman inRomaniatells
policeshedestroyed the
worksto protecther son
Obamareconsiders trip
to capitalastensions
mountoverSnowden
BYLIZALDERMAN
OnafreezingdayinFebruary,Olga
Dogaru,alifelongresidentofthetiny
RomanianvillageofCarcaliu,toldthe
police,shedecidedthatthestrangely
beautifulpaintingshersonhadsud-
denlybroughthomeinasuitcasefour
monthsearlierhadcomewithacurse.A
cursethatneededtobedestroyed.
Nomatter,shesaid,thatthecanvases
—seveninall—weresignedbyPicas-
so,Matisse,Monet,Gauguin,Lucian
FreudandMeyerdeHaan.Herson
Raduhadjustbeenarrestedfororches-
tratingtheartheistofthecentury:
stealingthemasterpiecesinabrazen
OctobernighttheftfromRotterdam’s
KunsthalGallery.
Butifthepaintingsnolongerexisted,
Ms.Dogarureasoned,hersoncouldbe
freed.Sosheplacedallsevenworks—
whichincludedMonet’s1901‘‘Waterloo
Bridge,London’’;Gauguin’s1898‘‘Girl
inFrontofOpenWindow’’;Picasso’s
1971‘‘HarlequinHead’’—inawood-
burningstoveusedtoheatsaunasand
incineratedthem.
That,atleast,isthestoryMs.Dogaru
toldRomanianinvestigators,according
toaconfessionsherecentlymadetothe
police.Ms.Dogaru’stalecouldbethein-
ventionofamotherdesperatetoprotect
BYPETERBAKER
PresidentBarackObamamaycancela
triptoMoscowtomeetwithPresident
VladimirV.PutininSeptemberasthe
standoffoverthefateofthenationalse-
curityleakerseekingasyluminRussia
takesitstollonalreadystrainedrela-
tionsbetweenthetwopowers,officials
saidThursday.
TheWhiteHouseannouncedtheMos-
cowmeetinginJuneasanextrastopon
analreadyplannedtriptoSt.Peters-
burgfortheannualgatheringofthe
Groupof20nations.ButwhileMr.
ObamaisstillcommittedtogoingtoSt.
Petersburg,heisnowrethinkingthe
Moscowstop,notjustbecauseoftheim-
passeovertheleakerbutbecauseofa
rangeofissuesdividingthetwocoun-
tries.
ThepossiblecancellationoftheMos-
cowmeetingwouldbeseenasadirect
slapatMr.Putin,whoisknowntovalue
suchhigh-levelvisitsbyU.S.presidents
asavalidationofRussianprestige.
WhiletheWhiteHousemaybeusing
themeetingasleveragetowincoopera-
tiononEdwardJ.Snowden,thenational
securityleakernowinMoscow’sair-
port,thereconsiderationalsoreflectsa
broaderconcernthatthetwocountries
arefarapartonissueslikeSyria,Iran,
armscontrolandmissiledefense.
TheWhiteHousehasnotpublicly
confirmedtheprospectofscrubbingthe
Moscowmeeting,buthassentunmis-
takablesignalsthatitisnowonthe
table.AskeddirectlyifMr.Obamawas
stillgoingtoMoscowbeforetheG-20
meetinginSt.Petersburg,JayCarney,
theWhiteHousepresssecretary,de-
clinedtosay.‘‘Icansaythatthepresi-
dentintendstotraveltoRussiaforthe
G-20summit,’’Mr.Carneysaid.‘‘Idon’t
haveanythingtoaddtowhatwe’vesaid
inthepastaboutthattrip.’’
IfMr.Obamadoescancelhisstopin
Moscow,hecouldstillmeetwithMr.
PutinonthesidelinesoftheSt.Peters-
burgmeetingtoavoidabiggerrupture.
ButsomecriticshaveurgedMr.Obama
tobeevenmoreaggressiveinrespond-
ingtotheharboringofMr.Snowden.
SenatorLindseyO.Graham,Republi-
canofSouthCarolina,saidthepresident
shouldpushtomovetheG-20meeting
outofRussiaaltogetherandthatthe
UnitedStatesshouldboycotttheWinter
OlympicGamessetfor2014inSochi,
Russia.
‘‘PresidentObama,shouldyougoto
St.Petersburg,Russia,fortheG-20
summitiftheygiveSnowdenasylum
andtheydon’tchangetheirpolicyto-
wardSyriaandcontinuetohelpIran?’’
Mr.GrahamsaidonCNN’s‘‘TheLead
withJakeTapper’’onWednesday.
‘‘Shouldyougo?MyadvicetoyouisI
wouldn’tgotoSt.Petersburg.Iwould
askforachangeofvenue.’’
WhileusingtheSnowdenaffairtojab
theUnitedStatesforsupposedhypo-
crisyinprosecutingawhistle-blower,
VALENTINASVISTUNOVA/EUROPEANPRESSPHOTOAGENCY
AlekseiA.NavalnyincourtastheverdictwasreadThursday. Mr.Navalny, acriticofPresidentVladimirV. Putin,hadrecentlydeclaredhiscandidacyformayorofMoscow.
RussiaconvictsavoiceagainstKremlin
Navalny,37,whorecentlydeclaredhis
candidacyformayorofMoscow,from
anoppositionactivisttoapoliticaldissi-
dentandprisoner.
Mr.NavalnyusedtheInternetandso-
cialmediaashismainweaponagainst
thestateandbecameapersonalirritant
toPresidentVladimirV.Putinbybrand-
inghisUnitedRussiapoliticalmachine
asthe‘‘partyofswindlersandthieves.’’
Theverdictquicklyreverberated
throughoutthehighestlevelsofRus-
siangovernmentandsocietyandeven
promptedsomecallsforboycottsofthe
Moscowmayoralelectionandfuturena-
tionalvotes.Protestsbrokeoutinboth
MoscowandSt.Petersburg.
AsthecrowdswirledonManezh
SquareneartheKremlin,DmitriG.
Gudkov,apoliticaloppositionleaderand
memberofParliamentwhoattendedthe
sentencing,postedamessageontheIn-
ternetsayingthatprosecutorshadasked
thatMr.Navalnybereleased,withtravel
restrictions,untilhissentencetookef-
fectfollowingamandatoryappeal.
VadimKobzev,alawyerforMr.
Navalny,saidthelegalteamhadre-
ceivedacallaboutthedecisionlatein
theevening,aftertheendofthework
day,andthatitwasahighlyunusualoc-
currence,somethinghehadneveren-
counteredinthecourseofhiscareer.He
saidthedecisionmayhavebeen
promptedby‘‘thepossibilityoflarge
numbersofpeopleonManezhSquare.’’
Mr.Kobzevcalledit‘‘aclearlypolitic-
aldecision’’andsaidheexpectedboth
Mr.Navalnyandhisco-defendant,
PyotrOfitserov,tobefreedFridayand
toremainfreeforamonthortwo,allow-
ingMr.Navalnytotakepartindebates
asamayoralcandidate.
Mr.Ofitserov,anacquaintancewho
workedwithhimonthetimberproject,
wassentencedtofouryearsinprison.
Thetwomen,whohadbeenaccusedof
embezzlingnearly$500,000,werealso
eachfinedmorethan$15,000.
ManyofJudgeSergeiBlinov’sfind-
ingswerebasedonthetestimonyofa
thirdmanaccusedinthescheme,Vy-
acheslavOpalev,whopleadedguiltyand
KIROV, RUSSIA
ActivistopposedtoPutin
getsa5-yearsentence
seenas‘clearlypolitical’
BYDAVIDM.HERSZENHORN
AlekseiA.Navalny,alawyerwhobe-
cameRussia’smostresonantopposition
voicebycrusadingagainstrampant
publiccorruption,wasfoundguilty
Thursdayofstealingmoneyfroma
state-controlledtimbercompany.
Hewassentencedtofiveyearsin
prison—apunishmentthatturnedMr.
VADIMGHIRDA/AP
EvidencesentbytheRomanianauthorities
thatmayprovetobefromthestolenworks.
herson,oranaccountofthehorrifying
destructionofpreciousmasterpieces.
Butthisweek,forensicscientistsat
Romania’sNationalHistoryMuseum
appearedonthevergeofconfirmingthe
artworld’sworstfears:thatMs.Dog-
aru’stalemaybetrue.Intotal,the
canvaseswerevaluedathundredsof
millionsofdollars;forcuratorsandart
loverstheirlosswouldbeirreplaceable.
‘‘Unfortunately,Ihaveabadfeeling
thatahugeandhorriblecrime
happened,andthemasterpieceswere
destroyed,’’ErnestOberlander-Tar-
noveanu,thedirectoroftheNational
HistoryMuseum,saidinatelephonein-
terview.Ifso,headded,itwouldbe‘‘a
barbariancrimeagainsthumanity.’’
HowPicassos,Matisses,Monetsand
moremayhavemetafieryfateinare-
moteRomanianvillage,population
3,400,issomethingthepolicearestill
tryingtopiecetogether.Butwhetheror
notMs.Dogaru’sstoryprovestrue,the
artheisthasturnedintoacompelling
andconvolutedmysterythathasunder-
RUSSIA,PAGE5
Adouble-difficultTourstage
revealsrace’s onetrueleader
Sarenneinbetween.Asiftofuelthe
prestagedrama,Froomehadalmost
crashedintoContadorduringafurious
downhillchaseonStage16,andlater
chidedtheSpanishrideronTwitterfor
ridingdangerously.
AsifoncueonThursday,Contador
spedawayfromFroomeduringthedes-
centfromColdeSarenne,allbutdaring
FroomeandhisteammatesonSkyPro-
cyclingtofollow.Ittookawhile,but
eventuallytheydid,catchingContador
andthenleavinghimbehindastherace
turnedupAlped’Huezforthesecond
time.
ALPE D’HUEZ, FRANCE
BYJAMESDAO
The100thTourdeFrancehadbeen
billedasabattlebetweenarisingstar
andafadingone:ChristopherFroome
versusAlbertoContador,thecommand-
ingleaderofthisyear’sTouragainsta
once-dominantGrandTourracerwho
hasstruggledallyear.
Stage18seemedcustom-madefor
theirrivalry.ForthefirsttimeinTour
history,theriderswouldascendthe
dauntingAlped’Hueztwice,witha
treacherousdescentfromtheColde
BRYNLENNON/GETTYIMAGES-AFP
ChristopherFroomehasafive-minute-plusleadafterThursday’sascentsofAlped’Huez.
HEIST, PAGE5
TOURDEFRANCE,PAGE11
OBAMA,PAGE5
WORLDNEWS
Manningfacestoughercharge
ThejudgeinthetrialofPfc.Bradley
Manninghasoptedtoretainthecharge
of‘‘aidingtheenemy.’’
BUSINESS
GermanypraisesGreekcuts
WolfgangSchäuble,theGerman
financeminister,saidheadmiredthe
newausteritymeasuresinGreece,but
heruledoutsupportingarestructuring
ofthecountry’sdebt.
VIEWS
NicholasD.Kristof
Weinjournalismmostlyfocuson
problems,butoneoftheremarkable
changesinthedevelopingworldhas
beenthedeclineoftheancientscourges
ofblindness,leprosyandpolio.
PalestiniansrejectU.S.plan
ThePalestinianpoliticalleadership
saidtheU.S.formulaproposedfor
peacetalkswasinsufficient.
PAGE4
PAGE8
PAGE14
PAGE7
EndofaneraforItalianbank
MontedeiPaschidiSienainvestors
votedThursdaytoliftownership
restrictions,whichwasconsidered
essentialtotheinstitution’ssurvivalbut
waslamentedbylocalresidents.
HezbollahandAssad
ForHezbollahtodropitssupportforthe
Assadregime,ithastobeconvincedthat
hecan’tholdontopowerandthatanew
regimewon’tundermineitsinterests,
JonathanStevensonwrites.
PAGE14
PAGE6
E.C.B.easesrulesonloans
Tofightalackofcreditincountrieslike
ItalyandSpain,thecentralbankis
makingiteasierforbankstopackage
loansintosecuritiesandraisemoneyto
makeloanstobusinesses.
COMINGTHISWEEKEND
Theautomobileasartwork
TheItaliansportscarmakerPagani’s
latestmodelcaneasilytop$1million.If
thatsoundsliketoomuchtopayfora
car,you’remissingthepoint.
Woodyandhissisters
Strongandmemorablewomenarea
hallmarkofWoodyAllen’smovies,and
hisnewfilm,‘‘BlueJasmine,’’features
thelatestofthosedistinctivecharacters.
PAGE14
Nokia’ssmartphonestruggle
Facingaraftoflow-endcompetitors,
theFinnishcellphonemakerNokia
reporteda24percentdeclineinsales
duringthesecondquarter,narrower
thananalysts’estimates.
DENISFARRELL/THEASSOCIATEDPRESS
Historyliveson
AchildinJohannesburglearningaboutNelsonMandelaon
Thursday,his95thbirthday,ashisconditionwassaidtohaveimproved.
PAGE2
PAGE15
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FRIDAY,JULY19,2013
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
PAGETWO
Capitalism,
butwitha
littleheart
wheretheyexisted.Thiswaswhere
theexecutiveslived,’’Mr.Markellsaid.
Becausetheyweresodeeplyrootedin
particularcommunities,theydidn’t
needlegalstructuresthatrequired
themtotakeintoaccountalloftheir
stakeholders—socialpressureserved
thatrole.
Intoday’svirtual,globaleconomy,
thosepersonalconstraintsareeroding
fast.TheB-corpstructureisawayto
re-createthem.
Mr.Markellbelievesthereisahun-
geramonginvestorsandentrepre-
neurstobothdowellanddogood:
‘‘Whatanunbelievableopportunity
thisrepresentstoharnesstheenergy
ofentrepreneurswhoarereallyfo-
cusedonmakingmoneyandwhowant
togivebackatthesametime.’’
AlbertWenger,apartneratUnion
SquareVentures,aNewYork-basedin-
vestmentfirm,buysthatargument.He
wasattheseminarwithMr.Markell,
andinablogpostearlierthatday,he
laidoutwhatheseesasthecriticalchal-
lengeforcapitalismtoday:‘‘Ourprob-
lemassocietyisnolongerhowtomake
morestuff.Cars,clothes,computersare
allbecomingbetterandcheaper.’’
Instead,Mr.Wengerargued,‘‘Our
biggestremainingproblems,however,
requiresocialinnovation:howtodis-
tributethebenefitsofprogressmore
widely,howtoliveinbetterharmony
withtheenvironmentandhowto
provideaffordableaccesstoeducation
andhealthcareforall.’’
Thegoodnews,Mr.Wengerbelieves,
isthatitisnotjustOccupyWallStreet
thathasfocusedonthisdilemma.Busi-
nesspeopleareworriedaboutit,too.
‘‘AtUnionSquareVentureswearesee-
ingmoreandmoreentrepreneursand
startupemployeeswhoaremotivated
asmuchbymakingtheworldabetter
placeastheyarebymakingmoney,’’
hesaid.
TheoptimistsattheB-corpdiscus-
sion,whichwashostedbytheWorld
EconomicForum,hopedthatdoing
wellanddoinggoodcouldbeseam-
lesslyaligned.Theyarguedthatby
freeingbusinessestobemission-driven
andpursuelong-termgoalsratherthan
short-termprofits,andbyappealingto
anewgenerationofidealisticcon-
sumers,B-corpscouldbeas,ifnot
more,profitableastraditionalcompa-
niesthatmaximizeshareholdervalue.
Thatisacomfortingthought.Freder-
ickH.Alexander,theformerchairof
theDelawareBarAssociation’sSection
ofCorporationLaw,suggestedatough-
erpossibility.
‘‘Partofthestruggleisfacingupto
thehardfacts,’’hesaid.‘‘Thebasic
thingthatunderliesaB-corpisthat
youdon’thavetomaximizesharehold-
ervalue.Youareacceptingthepossi-
bilityofalowerreturn.’’
Thatmayhavebeencommonsense
forthegreatestgeneration.Butfor
mostofustoday,thatnotionofvoluntar-
ilyforgoinghigherprofitsforthebenefit
ofthewidercommunityis,asMr.Alex-
anderputit,‘‘counterintuitive.’’
TheB-corpstructureispartofa
widermovementtomakethattrade-off
morenatural.AsMr.Alexandersaid,
‘‘theissueis,doyouwanttoconduct
yourinvestmentsinthewayyou
wouldn’tconductyourlife.’’
Thatisaverygoodquestion,andone
wehavegottenoutofthehabitofask-
ing.
Chrystia
Freeland
WAY OFTHEWORLD
Whenthefinancialcrisis
threatenedtotoppletheglobalecono-
my,myRussianfriendstookgreatde-
lightincallingmefromMoscowand
sharingthebittersweetresponsethat
wasmakingtheroundsofacitythatal-
wayslaughsloudestwhenthingsgo
wrong:EverythingMarxtoldusabout
communismwasfalse,thegagwent,
buteverythinghetoldusaboutcapital-
ismwastrue.
In2008,itwaseasytoseetheirpoint.
Thelopsidedrecoveryhasn’tbrought
muchcomfort,either.Acrosswestern
EuropeandNorthAmerica,corporate
profitsandstockpriceshavereboun-
ded,butthemiddleclassismore
squeezedthanever.
Evenso,myMuscovitepalswere
wrong.Marxdidn’tjustgetcommun-
ismwrong—hewasalsoprofoundly
mistakenaboutcapitalism,whichturns
outtobethebestprosperity-creating
systemhumanityhascomeupwithso
far.
Butthatdoesn’tmeanitdoesn’tneed
toevolve.Thehigh-tech,globalized
capitalismofthe21stcenturyisvery
differentfromthe
postwarversionof
capitalismthatper-
formedsomagnifi-
centlyforthemiddle
classesofthewest-
ernworld.
That’swhyalotof
people,including
manyhard-driving
capitalists,aretrying
tofigureouthowto
retooltheinstitu-
tionsofcapitalismforourtime.This
week,thestateofDelaware,whichhas
madecorporategovernanceitsregion-
alcuisine,approvedanewformofin-
corporation,theB-corp,orbenefitcor-
poration.Thesearecompanies
explicitlychargedwithadualmission:
toearnprofitsforshareholders,the
traditionalbusinessgoal,andalsoto
pursuethesocialgoodinotherways,
rangingfromprotectingemployeesto
safeguardingtheenvironment—even
ifthesegoalscomeatthecostofshort-
termfinancialgain.
JackMarkell,thegovernorof
Delaware,traveledtoaseminardis-
cussioninNewYorkonthesweltering
dayhisstatesignedB-corpintolaw.
‘‘Thisisaverysignificantpublicpolicy
issue,’’hesaid.‘‘Thereisbothamar-
ketneedandasocietalneed.’’
Mr.Markelladmittedthat‘‘thereare
alotofskepticsoutthere,’’buthesaid
theB-corpstatuswasanimportantre-
sponsetoaworldinwhichthewaywe
dobusinesshaschanged.
‘‘Whenbusinessesfirststartedup,
theyoperatedinthecommunities
NEW YORK
PHOTOGRAPHSBYTOMASMUNITAFORTHENEWYORKTIMES
AbdugadishMohamedofSomalia,aboveleft,intheshophemanagesandhasjustreopenedafteralooting.‘‘Thisplace,itcanchangeinaninstant,’’aZimbabweanshopworkersaid.
Alifeonedgeasviolencestalks
‘‘Theissueis,
doyouwant
toconduct
yourinvest-
mentsinthe
wayyou
wouldn’t
conductyour
life.’’
pectedthattherumorswerebaseless—
‘‘Icertainlyhopeso,’’Mr.Kerfootsaid
—thoughtheymightinadvertentlystir
troublebyprovidingapretextforthose
needinglittlereasontoloot.
‘‘Ontheonehand,youdon’twantto
perpetuatetherumor,’’Mr.Hanekom
said.‘‘Ontheotherhand,youdon’t
wanttoignoreitbecauseithasserious
repercussions.’’
BeverlyTsambi,41,wasinMr.Abdi’s
MandelaParkshopwithhertwogrand-
children,lookingoverpacketsofchips.
‘‘Idon’tthinkitisgoingtohappen,
buttherumorisscaringpeople,’’she
said.‘‘Maybeitwillhappeninother
areas,butnothereinMandelaPark.’’
OutinWallacedene,though,thefear
ismorepalpable.
MirriamBodiba,alocalofficialwith
theA.N.C.YouthLeague,droveslowly
alongthetownship’sclutteredandrut-
tedstreets,tracingthepaththeviolence
tookhereamonthago.
‘‘Hereiswhereitbegan,’’shesaid,
pointingtothesprawling, charred
wreckageofastill-emptyshopowned
byaChinesefamily.Thecrowdsformed
inthedarkhoursoftheearlymorning,
smashingintotheshopandstealingev-
erything, thendispersingintothe
labyrinthofshacksandre-forminga
fewblocksawayatanothershop,also
burned.Andthenanother,andanother,
dozensofthem.
‘‘Thepeoplegetinthefightingmood,
andtheythinktheycanattackwhoever
isinfrontofthem,’’shesaid.
About70peoplewerelaterarrested,
butitwastoolate.
‘‘Oh, itwillhappenagain,’’Mr.
Gonese,oneoftheZimbabweanwork-
ers,said.‘‘Therewillbemoreattacks
andmorelootings.’’
WhetherMr.Mandela’sdeathorsome
othersparkwillsetitoffhecannotpre-
dict,butheandothersintheBafana
BafanaCashStore,whichisnamedafter
SouthAfrica’snationalsoccerteam,said
theyexpectedtheviolencetoreturn.
Whenlocalleadersinitiatednegoti-
ationswithSomalishopownersafter
theviolence,urgingthemtoreturn,
theypledgeditwouldnothappenagain.
Somehavecomeback,Mr.Mohamed
said,andsomehavenot.
Forhispart,Mr.Mohamedreturned
onlybecause‘‘itismyjob,andImust
havemoney.’’Hesayshehasnodoubt
hisstorewillbeattackedagain.
Thesad-eyedshopkeeperkepthim-
selfjustinsidethedoorway’sshadows,
peeringoutatpassers-by.
WALLACEDENE, SOUTH AFRICA
CapeTownimmigrants
andtheiradvocateswary
afternewwave oflooting
BYRICKLYMAN
AbdugadishMohamedstoodjustinside
thedoorwayoftheone-roomshophe
runsinthistense,smokytownshipout-
sideCapeTown.Hepeeredwarilyatthe
surroundinggridofdirtpathsandram-
shacklehomes.
‘‘Wearescared,man,’’saidMr.Mo-
hamed,28,aSomaliandthemanagerof
theBafanaBafanaCashStore.‘‘These
peoplearedangerous.’’
Mr.Mohamedandhistwoworkers—
bothofwhomareZimbabweanrefugees
—hadbeenchasedfromthetownship,
andtheirshoplootedtothewalls,alittle
overamonthearlier.Theyhadbeen
backforonlyaweek.Theirfirstjobhad
beentobuildametalprotectivecage
aroundthecashtill.
‘‘Thisplace,itcanchangeinanin-
stant,’’saidAllenGonese,29,oneofthe
Zimbabweanworkers.‘‘Theysayitis
becausetheyhatetheforeigners,be-
causeofxenophobia,butreally,itisjust
anexcuseforstealing.’’
Afreshwaveofviolenceaimedatfor-
eigncitizenslivinghereandinseveral
otherpoorblackcommunitiesoutside
CapeTownhasraisednewfearsamong
residents,communityleadersandadvo-
catesforpoorrefugees.
Some200Somalishopsandanun-
knownnumberofothersrunbyChinese
immigrants,Zimbabweansandothers
havebeen lootedandsometimes
burnedtotheconcretefoundationsin
recentmonths,saidBraamHanekom,
directorofaCapeTown-basedactivist
groupcalledPeopleAgainstSuffering,
OppressionandPoverty.
Whatsetoffthelatestviolenceisun-
clear,butMr.Hanekomandotherssay
thegovernmenthascrackeddownon
refugeesrecently,includingbyincreas-
ingdeportationsandinsomecitiesclos-
ingrefugeeofficesthatforeignersre-
quireforgettingtheirpapersrenewed.
Sofar,theviolenceagainstimmi-
grantshasbeennowherenearthelevel
ofthewavethatsweptthroughthe
country’spoorestcommunitiesin2008,
whenatleast60peoplewerekilledand
tensofthousandswereforcedtoflee
theirhomesandbusinesses.
Wallacedene,atownshipwhereseveralshopswereburned.‘‘Thepeoplegetinthefight-
ingmood,andtheythinktheycanattackwhoeverisinfrontofthem,’’anofficialsaid.
Andanotherthingthatisdifferent
thistimeisthatseveralcommunities
haverespondedtotheviolencewith
high-profilecampaignstowelcome
backthosewhohadbeenchasedaway.
AttacksonforeignerslivinginMa-
siphumeleletownship,ontheCapepen-
insulasouthofthecity, forinstance,
werequicklyfollowedbyaneffortby
communityleaderstourgethemtore-
turn.Mostdidcomeback,localleaders
said,whichattractedacongratulatory
visitfromArchbishopDesmondTutu.
IntheMandelaParksectionofIm-
izamoYethutownship,alsoonthepen-
insula,abriefburstofviolencefollowed
rumorsseveralweeksagothatsome
Malawianslivingtherehadbeenre-
sponsiblefortherapeofalocalgirl.
‘‘Itwasnottrue,’’saidKennyTokwe,
alocalcommunitydevelopmentworker,
‘‘butalreadythepeoplehadtakenac-
tion.’’
TheMalawimenwerechasedaway,
asweresomeSomalishopkeepers.
‘‘AlmostalloftheSomalisareback
now,asfarasIknow,’’Mr.Tokwesaid.
Yetacertainuneasinessremains
evenamongthosewhohavecomeoutof
hiding.
‘‘Therealityisthatthecommunities
reallyneedtheseshops,’’Mr.Hanekom
said.‘‘It’snotnicehavingtowalkahalf
miletobuyyourloafofbread.Soyes,
therehavebeensomewelcomingback,
andtherehavebeensomeheartwarm-
ingstories.Butitwouldbewrongtobe
toooptimistic.’’
Oncetheshopsarereopenedandre-
stocked,theycouldprovideatempting
excuseforafreshwaveoflooting,he
said,shouldsomethinghappentosetit
off.
Andthereis,indeed,somethingelse
worryingresidentsandothers,some-
thingevenimmigrantadvocateshesit-
atetospeakabout.In2010,thecountry
wasunnervedbyrumorsthatmore
xenophobicviolencewouldfollowthe
WorldCupsoccerfinal,whichSouth
Africawashosting.Andtherewassome
violence, thoughnothing like the
amountthattherumorshadsuggested.
Nowtherearefreshrumorsmaking
theroundsintownshipsacrossthecoun-
try,thatstillmoreoutbreaksofviolence
willbevisiteduponforeignersinthe
rushofemotionssuretofollowthedeath
ofNelsonMandela,theformerpresident
andanti-apartheidcampaigner,whohas
beenhospitalizedsinceJune8.
‘‘Yes,weareveryconcernedabout
that,’’saidAyubAbdi,19,anengineering
studentwhoworksathisfamily’sshop
inMandelaPark.‘‘Thecustomersknow
ofthisrumor,andtheyuseitagainst
you.Ifthereisadisputeoversome
goods,theysaytous,‘Oh,youwillgetin
alotoftroubleafterMandeladies.’’’
BothMr.HanekomandWilliamKer-
foot,alawyerfortheLegalResource
CenterinCapeTown,whichoffersfree
counseltoimmigrantsandrefugees,
saidthattheyandotheradvocatessus-
ChrystiaFreelandismanagingdirector
andeditor,consumernews,Thomson
Reuters.
pagetwo@iht.com
TOMORROW:
E-MAIL:
AlanCowellonthetangled
taxesofBritain’sroyalfamily.
IN OUR PAGES
✴
100,75,50YEARSAGO
1913ChineseRevoltAgainstDictator
PEKING
er,theinternalcomplaintfromwhichshe
suffered.OnSaturday,asshewasreturn-
ingtoRoumaniafromGermany,she
sufferedarelapseandhadtorestfor
threehoursinthewaysidetownofCem-
anti.ShewastakentoSinaia,buthercon-
ditiongraduallybecamemoregrave.
Earlythisafternoonherconditionwasof-
ficiallyadmittedascritical.Adoctor’sbul-
letinissuedat1:20p.m.gavetheQueen’s
pulseas120andherrespirationas28.Her
conditionwastermed‘‘veryweak.’’
TheforcesinSouthernChina
whicharenowinrebelliondeclarethat
theywillnotforceaconflictintheNorth,
butwilloverthrowtheprovisionalPresi-
dent,Yuan-Shih-Kai,whosealleged
breachoffaithinadvancingtheNorth-
erntroopscontrarytohispromisesisal-
legedtoaffordunmistakableevidenceof
anintentiontooppresstheSouthbydic-
tatorialrule.Theydeclarethatthere-
tirementofYuan-Shih-Kaiwouldpre-
venttheinvolvingofChinainageneral
civilwar.TheNortherntroopsarepre-
paringforageneralconflictnear
Kiu-Kiang,thoughtheGovernmentde-
claresthatithasordereditstroopsnot
toadvance.ThePresidentisseriously
handicappedbythefactthat60,000of
hisbesttroopsareengagedontheMon-
golianfrontierincheckingtheadvance
towardChinaoftheHunghutzes,the
bandofbrigandswhichisnowdevastat-
inginnerMongolia.Anotherdisturbing
factoristhethreatenedentranceofthe
Manchupartyintheconflict.
1963Test-BanTalksMake‘Progress’
MOSCOW
Newprogresswasmade
today[July18]atthefourthsessionof
thethree-powertalksonapartialnucle-
artest-ban,informedsourcessaid.A
briefcommuniquésaidthat‘‘somepro-
visions’’ofanagreementbanningtests
intheatmosphere,outerspaceandun-
derwater,hadbeendiscussedalongwith
‘‘otherquestionsofmutualconcern.’’
Therewasnoofficialelaborationonthe
communiqué,butinformedWestern
sourcessaidthatthetalkscontinuedto
makeprogress.Thesourcessaidthat
thephrasingofsometechnicalportions
oftheproposedagreementhadbeen
handedovertoasubcommitteeofAmer-
ican,SovietandBritishspecialiststo
easetheburdenofthechiefnegotiators
—UnderSecretaryofStateW.Averell
Harriman,SovietForeignMinisterAn-
dreiA.GromykoandBritishScience
MinisterLordHailsham.LordHailsham
clearedupanythoughtsofpossiblediffi-
cultiesbytellingnewsmenthatthetalks
aregoing‘‘reasonablynicely.’’
OnMandela’s 95thbirthday,signsofimprovinghealth
‘‘criticalbutstable.’’
Mr.Mandela’sbirthdaywasalso
markedbyMandelaDay,whenschools
paidtributeatmorningassembliesand
manyorganizationsaskedsupportersto
volunteer67minutesoftheirtimeto
markhis67yearsofpublicservice.
Fewdetailsareknownabouthismed-
icalcondition.Acourtaffidavitfiledin
JuneinadisputewithinMr.Mandela’s
familyoverwherehemightbeburied
claimedhewasinapermanentvegetat-
ivestate,butbothfamilyandmedical
teammembersdeniedthis.
Familymembersandfriendswhohave
visitedhimmorerecentlysaythatMr.
Mandelaissometimesawake,smiling,
communicatingwithhiseyesandeven
tryingtotalk.InaninterviewwithBrit-
ain’sSkyNews,adaughter,ZindziMan-
dela-Motlhajwa,saidonWednesdaythat
Mr.Mandelawaswatchingtelevision
andusingheadphonestohearthesound.
‘‘Therearesomeprophetsofdoom
whosaythecountrywillcometoastand-
still’’whentheformerpresidentdies,
ReutersquotedMs.Madikizela-Mandela
assayinginaradiointerview.But,she
said,‘‘thecountrywillcontinueasithas
alwaysdone.Ifanything,thecountrywill
solidify,cometogetherandcarryon.’’
JOHANNESBURG
BYLYDIAPOLGREEN
ANDALANCOWELL
Afterweeksofbattlingcriticalillness,
NelsonMandela,SouthAfrica’sfirst
blackpresidentandanemblemofits
struggleagainstapartheid,spenthis
95thbirthdayinthehospitalonThurs-
dayandtheauthoritiessaidhiscondi-
tionwas‘‘steadilyimproving.’’
Theassessment contrastedwith
weeksofconcernamongSouthAfricans
andacrosstheglobethatMr.Mandela
mightnotrecoverfromalunginfection
thathospitalizedhimonJune8forthe
fourthtimeinayear.Previouslytheau-
thoritieshaddescribedhisconditionas
1938QueenMarieDeadAfterIllness
BUCHAREST
QueenMarieofRoumania
diedat6:30p.m.tonight[July18]inthe
royalcastleatSinaiaasthemembersof
herfamily,includingherson,KingCarol
II,andhergrandsonandheirtothe
throne,CrownPrinceMichael,kneeled
byherbedsideandkissedherhand.Her
deathattheageofsixty-twofallowedsix
monthsofsevereillnessclimaxedre-
centlybyatriptoDresdentoundergoa
newtreatmentforhemorragesoftheliv-
AlanCowellreportedfromLondon.
ONLINE:
SOUTHAFRICANSONMANDELA
SouthAfricanstalkaboutwhatNelson
Mandelahasmeanttothem,theircountry
andtheworld.
SCHALKVANZUYDAM/AP
NelsonMandela’slikenessonwindowsof
abuildinginCapeTownonThursdayas
SouthAfricamarkedMandelaDay.
global.nytimes.com/africa
Printed in
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FRIDAY,JULY19,2013
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
Wor
ldNews
UNITEDSTATES
Manning
facescharge
of‘aiding
theenemy’
Outcome
onfilibuster
hintsatnew
cooperation
FORT MEADE, MARYLAND
WASHINGTON
Judge’sdecisionto retain
accusationmeansprivate
could face lifeinprison
Senatepullbackonlimits
isapplauded,butsome
seeamissedopportunity
BYERINBANCO
ThemilitaryjudgeinthetrialofPfc.
BradleyManningdecidedonThursday
nottodropachargeaccusingPrivate
Manningof‘‘aidingtheenemy.’’Iffound
guilty,hecouldfacelifeinprisonplusan
additional154years.
InFebruary,PrivateManning,a25-
year-oldArmyintelligenceanalyst,ad-
mittedtohavingleakedhundredsof
thousandsofclassifieddocumentsto
WikiLeaks.Hedeniedhewasguiltyof12
counts,includingaidingtheenemy,but
pleadedguiltyto10lesseroffensesthat
couldputhiminjailforupto20years.
Theaiding-the-enemychargecarries
thedeathpenalty,butthegovernment
hadsaiditwouldnotpursuecapitalpun-
ishment,butratherlifeinprisonwithno
chanceofparole.Undermilitarylaw,
aidingtheenemyappliesto‘‘anyper-
sonwhoaids,orattemptstoaid,theen-
emywitharms,ammunition,supplies,
money,orotherthings;orwithoutprop-
erauthority,knowinglyharborsorpro-
tectsorgivesintelligenceto,orcommu-
nicatesorcorrespondswithorholds
anyintercoursewiththeenemy,either
directlyorindirectly.’’
Thejudge,Col.DeniseLind,saidthe
governmenthadprovidedsufficientev-
idencetoprovebeyondareasonable
doubtthatPrivateManningknowingly
gaveinformationtocertainenemy
groupssuchasAlQaedawhenhe
passedhundredsofthousandsofdocu-
mentstoWikiLeaksin2009.
ThedefensearguedincourtonMon-
daythatPrivateManningdidnotactvol-
untarilyanddeliberatelyinaidingthe
enemywhenheleakedthedocuments.
ButColonelLindconcludedthatPrivate
Manningdidhave‘‘actualknowledge’’
thattheintelligenceheleakedwouldend
upinthehandsoftheenemy.
ColonelLindalsodecidednottodropa
lessercharge,whichwasanoffenseun-
dertheComputerFraudandAbuseAct.
InhistestimonyinFebruary,Private
Manningconcededtopossessingand
willfullycommunicatingtoanunau-
thorizedpersonallthesourcesofthe
WikiLeaksdisclosure,includingdiplo-
maticcables,partsoftheIraqandAf-
ghanistanwarlogs,filesondetaineesin
Guantánamo,twointelligencememos
andthe‘‘collateralmurder’’videoofan
ApachehelicopterattackinIraq.
‘‘Ifoundthevideotroublingatthe
time,yourHonor,andIstilldo,butit’s
justmyopinion,though,’’PrivateMan-
ningsaidinFebruary.‘‘AsIhoped,oth-
erswerejustastroubled—ifnotmore
troubled.’’DavidE.Coombs,theleadde-
fenselawyer,saidMondaythatPrivate
Manningdivulgedthe information
simplyto‘‘sparkreformanddebate.’’
StevenAftergood,directoroftheProj-
ectonGovernmentSecrecyattheFeder-
ationofAmericanScientists,saidthatde-
spitePrivateManning’sintention,some
oftheinformationshouldnothavebeen
leaked.‘‘Thevideoarguablywasamat-
terofoverridingpublicinterest.But
manyotherrecordsreleasedbyMan-
ningandWikiLeakshadnoobviousnews
valueorlargerpublicinterest,’’hesaid.
‘‘Manninghadprivilegedaccessto
restrictedinformation,’’Mr.Aftergood
said.‘‘Notonlydidthoserecordsex-
poseindividualstopotentialretaliation,
buttheirpublicationsignaledthatthe
U.S.couldnotguaranteeconfidentially
toothers.’’
Prof.YochaiBenkler,co-directorofthe
BerkmanCenterforInternetandSociety
atHarvardLawSchool,toldthecourtin
testimonylastweek:‘‘Onceyouaccept
thatWikiLeaksisanewjournalisticor-
ganization,ifhandingmaterialsoverto
anorganizationthatcanbereadbyany-
onewithanInternetconnectionmeans
thatyouarehandingovertotheenemy
—thatessentiallymeansthatanyleakto
amediaorganizationthatcanbereadby
anyenemyanywhereintheworldbe-
comesautomaticallyaidingtheenemy.’’
ColonelLindwillhearclosingargu-
mentsasearlyasFridaybeforemoving
intothesentencingphase.
BYJONATHANWEISMAN
TheSenateagreementtopullbackfrom
unilateralruleschangesthatwould
haveerodedthepowerofthefilibuster
washailedbybothpartiesasthebegin-
ningofanewspiritofbipartisancooper-
ationthatsavedtheSenate.Buttosome
policymakerspracticedintheartof
compromise,itrepresentedapotential
missedopportunity.
ASenatewhere51votesrule—not
thefilibuster-proof60—maywellhave
empoweredthepoliticalcentertoforce
compromise,takingpowerfromthe
politicalpoles,andespeciallyfromthe
partyleadership,andreturningittopo-
tentialdealmakers.
‘‘With51votes,themajorityparty
mightjustherdtheirpeopletogetherto
getwhatevertheywant,’’saidJosephI.
Lieberman,aformersenatorfromCon-
necticutwhoturnedindependentfrom
Democrat.‘‘Butthereisanotherdy-
namic.Itempowerssmallgroupsof
peopletoaffecttheoutcome.’’
Mr.Lieberman,aveteranofthecen-
tristgroupsthatoccasionallyspringup
tobridgethepartisangap,cautioned
thatitwasdifficulttopredictwhatlimit-
ingthefilibusterwoulddotothepolitic-
allandscapeoftheSenate.
Theredoappeartobenewstirringsof
cooperation—oratleastthedesiretoco-
operate.OnThursday,thestaunchlybi-
partisangroupNoLabelsand81House
andSenatelawmakers—someofthe
mostliberalandconservative—were
duetorolloutaslateofspecificlegisla-
tiveproposalswithbroadandsurprising
supportacrosstheideologicalspectrum.
SenatorswhoembracedTuesday’s
agreementtocallofffilibustersofexec-
utive-branchnomineespromisedthis
weektoextendthespiritofcompromise
tomorewhole-Senategatherings,re-
treats,budgetnegotiationsandother
vexinglegislativematters.Sevensenat-
ors,fourDemocratsandthreeRepubli-
cans,unveiledlegislationonWednesday
toofferlegalprotectiontojournalistsen-
snaredinleakinvestigations.
‘‘Asaprosecutor,Idon’tliketouse
theword‘gang,’butit’sanotherbig
‘gang’wehavehere,’’saidSenatorAmy
Klobuchar,DemocratofMinnesota.
SenatorLindseyGraham,Republican
ofSouthCarolina,saidagroupwas
formingtotrytoreversetheautomatic
across-the-boardspendingcutsbefore
theydomoredamagenextfiscalyear.
Butbeyondthosepledgesofbon-
homie,theinstitutionalimpedimentsto
progressremainunchanged,especially
intheSenate.
Indeed,thedealtoheadoffthefili-
buster-rulechangenearlyderailed24
hoursafteritwasstruckwhenThomas
E.Perez,Mr.Obama’snomineetobe
laborsecretary,squeakedpastaSenate
filibusterbyasinglevoteonWednesday
afternoon,60to40.
TheRepublicanSenatorsJohnMc-
CainofArizona,thearchitectofthefili-
busterdeal;LamarAlexanderandBob
CorkerofTennessee;MarkStevenKirk
ofIllinois;andLisaMurkowskiofAlaska
savedthenominee—andthesup-
posedlygrowingspiritofbipartisanship.
‘‘Rightnowtheonlypeoplewhoare
empoweredaretheobstructionists,’’
saidSenatorMaryL.Landrieu,Demo-
cratofLouisiana,whoin2005joined13
othersenatorstothwartanefforttoend
filibustersofjudicialnominees.‘‘Andfor
therestofus,thepowerweshouldbe
wieldingonbehalfofourconstituentsis
virtuallynil,’’shesaid.‘‘Somethinghas
tobedone.’’
SinceDemocratsbeganthreatening
actiontoneuterthefilibuster,critics
havewarnedthatsimplemajorityvotes
intheSenatewouldmakethatchamber
liketheHouse,wherethemajorityrules
absolutely.Butwitha60-votethreshold
intheSenate,theminoritypartytends
toruleabsolutelyonanyissuelacking
overwhelmingbipartisansupport.
Thatisbecauseonlythelargestgang
canmuster60votes,andapremiumis
placedonleadershiployaltyinthe
minorityparty.
Theagendaofthese‘‘ProblemSolv-
er’’lawmakersismodest:adoptingtwo-
yearbudgetsinsteadoftheannualand
barelyfunctioningone-yearbudgetpro-
cess;riddingthegovernmentofduplic-
ativeprograms;mergingtheelectronic
healthrecordsoftheDepartmentsof
DefenseandVeteransAffairs;cutting
federalagencytravelbudgetsinhalf;
andcommissioningprivatecompanies
toreducefederalenergycosts,thenpay-
ingthemfromthesavingstheyextract.
Butwith81members,73fromthe
House,35ofthoseRepublican, the
groupisactuallyreachingacritical
massifitcanstaytogether.‘‘Thisis
aboutfindingnarrowsliverswherecon-
servativesandliberalscangettogeth-
er,’’saidRepresentativeMickMul-
vaney,aconservativeRepublicanfrom
SouthCarolina.‘‘Youcan’trunbefore
youwalk.Youhavetobuilduptrust.’’
BRENDANSMIALOWSKI/AGENCEFRANCE-PRESSE
PresidentBarackObamareturnedtothehealthcaredebateThursdayattheWhiteHouse,sayingthattheAffordableCareActwasreducinginsurancepremiumsinseveralstates.
Obamahailsbenefitsofhealthcarelaw
check,’’Mr.Obamasaidduringacere-
monyattheWhiteHouse.
Thecheckstypicallyamounttono
morethanafewhundreddollars.But
thepresidentcelebratedthesemodest
windfallsasanearlysignofthetangible
benefitsofthelaw.
ForMr.Obama,itwasahigh-profile
returntoadebateinwhichhehassome-
timesseemedamissingvoice.Forex-
ample,hehassaidnothingpublicly
abouttheadministration’sdecisionto
delayforayearapartofthelawdealing
withemployer-providedinsurance.
With the Republican-controlled
HouseofRepresentativesvotingyet
againthisweektorepealtheAffordable
CareAct,however,heseizedonnewsta-
tisticsthatdemonstratethelawisdriv-
ingdownpremiumsinNewYork,Cali-
forniaandseveralotherstates.
TheDepartmentofHealthandHuman
Servicesreleasedanewreportasserting
thatin11statesandtheDistrictof
Columbia,whichhadreportedupdated
statistics,proposedhealthinsurance
premiumsfor2014arenearly20percent
lowerthantheadministrationprojected.
‘‘Today’sreportshowsthattheAf-
fordableCareActisworkingtoincrease
transparencyandcompetitionamong
healthinsuranceplansanddrivepremi-
umsdown,’’KathleenSebelius,thesec-
retaryofhealthandhumanservices,
saidinastatement.
InNewYork,stateinsuranceregula-
torssaidtheyhadapprovedratesfor
2014thatwereanaverageofatleast50
percentlowerthanthosenowavailable.
Administrationofficialsattributemuch
ofthatdeclinetoonlinepurchasingex-
changes,setupunderthelaw,which
theysayareencouragingmorecompe-
titionbetweeninsuranceproviders.
Thecarefullychoreographedeventin
theEastRoomwasdesignedtoputthe
WhiteHousebackontheoffensiveon
healthcare,afteramessyperiodfollow-
ingitsdecisiontodelayrequiringem-
ployerswithmorethan50employeesto
offerhealthinsurance,orpayapenalty.
Thatcameafterheavypressurefrom
businesses,whichsaidthelawwastoo
complexandcumbersometoimplement
ontime.Itprovidedcriticswithfresh
ammunitionfortheirclaimthatthelaw
isputtingunfairburdensonindividuals
andemployers.
RepublicansdidnotletupThursday,
claimingthatthebenefitsextolledby
Mr.Obamawouldbemorethanoffset
byhighercosts.Insomecases,theydid
notevenwaitforhimtospeak.
‘‘Eventhoughweexpectthepresi-
denttodaytotoutabout$500millionof
thesetypesofrefunds,whathewon’t
sayisthatnextyear,Obamacarewill
imposeanewsalestaxonthepurchase
ofhealthinsurancethatwillcostAmer-
icansabout$8billion,’’saidtheSenate
Republicanleader,MitchMcConnellof
Kentucky.‘‘That’sa16-to-1ratio!’’
InastatementafterMr.Obama
spoke,anotherseniorRepublican,John
A.Boehner,thespeakeroftheHouse,
said:‘‘Thepicturethepresidentpaints
ofhishealthcarelawlooksnothinglike
therealityfacingstrugglingAmerican
families.Theyknowthatthelawisturn-
ingouttobeatrainwreck.’’
Mr.Obamadismissedtheseargu-
mentsasapoliticalgamesmanshipin
Washington,beliedbythestatisticsfrom
thestates.AsfortheHouse’slatestvote
torepealtheact,hesaidRepublicans
were‘‘refightingoldbattles’’rather
thanconfrontingthenation’sproblems.
‘‘Irecognizethattherearestillalotof
folks—inthistownatleast—whoare
rootingforthislawtofail,’’hesaid.
‘‘Someofthemseemtothinkthatthis
lawisaboutme.It’snot.Ialreadyhave
reallygoodhealthcare.’’
WASHINGTON
Seizingonnewstatistics,
heextols rebatesamid
Republican opposition
BYMARKLANDLER
PresidentBarackObama,slippingback
intohisepisodicroleasavigorouscam-
paignerforhishealthcareact,said
Thursdaythatthankstothelaw,more
than8.5millionAmericansweregetting
rebatesthissummerfromtheirinsur-
anceproviders.
FlankingMr.Obamawerefamilies
thathavebenefitedfromaprovisionin
thelaw,whichrequireshealthinsurers
tospendatleast80percentofthereven-
uefrompremiumsonmedicalcare
ratherthanonadministrativecosts.In-
surerswhofailtomeetthatbenchmark
mustreimbursecustomers,aprocess
thatbeganin2012.
‘‘Lastyear,millionsofAmericans
openedlettersfromtheirinsurance
companies,butinsteadoftheusual
dreadthatcomeswithgettingabill,
theywerepleasantlysurprisedwitha
Coalitionurgesmoreopennessonsurveillance
Thegroup,whichincludesApple,
Google,FacebookandTwitter,andor-
ganizationsincludingtheCenterforDe-
mocracyandTechnology,theElectronic
FrontierFoundationandtheAmerican
CivilLibertiesUnion,urgeintheirletter
thatthegovernmentpublishthesame
information,andthatCongressshould
enactnewlegislationmandatinggreat-
eropennessinthesurveillanceprocess.
Theletterdoesnotdemandanendto
thedomesticsurveillance.Butitisstill
significantbecauseitalliesthecorpora-
tionsthataredirectlyinvolvedwiththe
surveillancecollectionwithsomeofthe
mostvocalcriticsoftheadministra-
tion’seffortstokeeptheN.S.A.domes-
ticspyingprogramintheshadows.
Microsoftsentasimilarletteronits
owntoAttorneyGeneralEricH.Holder
Jr.
SenatorAlFranken,Democratof
Minnesota,saidinaninterviewthathe
plannedtointroducelegislationman-
datingpublicdisclosurealongthesame
linesastherecommendationsintheco-
alition’sletter,whileRepresentative
RickLarsen,aWashingtonDemocrat,
saidinaninterviewthathewasplan-
ningtointroducesimilarlegislationin
theHouse.
Mr.Sensenbrenner’srequestthatthe
companiesbeallowedtodisclosemore
informationcameintheformofaletter
2001,attacksweremeanttoallowforthe
collectionofphonerecordsofvirtually
everyoneintheUnitedStates.
‘‘Thegovernmentisstockpilingsen-
sitivepersonaldataonagrandscale,’’
saidRepresentativeTedDeutch,Demo-
cratofFlorida.‘‘Intelligenceofficers,
contractorsandpersonnelonlyneeda
rubber-stampwarrantfromtheFISA
courttothenlearnvirtuallyeverything
thereistoknowaboutanAmericancit-
izen,’’hesaid,referringtotheForeign
IntelligenceSurveillanceAct.
Whileadministrationofficialsdefend-
edthesurveillanceduringthehearing,
severallawmakerssaidthatthedata
collectionwasunsustainable,andthat
Congresswouldmovetoeitherrevoke
thelegislativeauthorizationforthebulk
collectionnoworatleastrefusetore-
newitwhenitexpiresin2015.Mr.
SensenbrennerinterruptedJamesM.
Cole,adeputyattorneygeneral,tosay,
‘‘Unlessyourealizeyou’vegotaprob-
lem,thatisnotgoingtoberenewed.’’
ThehearingWednesdaywaspartofa
counteroffensiveemergingagainstthe
N.S.A.’sdomesticsurveillancesincethe
scopeofthespyingoperationswasex-
posedbyEdwardJ.Snowden,aformer
agencycontractor.
Mr.Sensenbrennerreleasedaletter
WednesdayfromtheJusticeDepart-
ment,defendingthescopeandthelegal-
ityofthegovernment’ssurveillanceop-
erations.Thedepartmentsaidthatit
wasnecessaryfortheN.S.A.tocollect
suchlargevolumesofdomestictele-
phonedatatoperformtheanalysisnec-
essarytoidentifysuspectedterrorist
activity.
Mr.Frankensaidthathebelievedthe
administrationnowagreedthatthere
neededtobegreaterpublicdebateand
disclosure,eventhoughtheWhite
Househascontinuedtodefendthe
secretprograms.‘‘Ithinkthatifthere
weregreatertransparency,Americans
wouldhaveabetterunderstandingof
theseprograms,’’hesaid.
WASHINGTON
Letter to presidentseeks
publicdisclosureamid
bipartisanreviewoflaws
BYJAMESRISEN
AcoalitionofSiliconValleycompanies
andcivillibertiesgroupspressedPresi-
dentBarackObamaonThursdaytodis-
closemoreinformationabouttheNa-
tional SecurityAgency’sdomestic
surveillanceoperationssothatAmeri-
canscanhaveamoreinformedpublic
debateevenasacongressionalback-
lashisgrowing.
Lawmakersfrombothpartiesare
callingforthevastcollectionofprivate
dataonmillionsofAmericanstobe
scaledback.AseniorRepublicaninthe
HouseofRepresentatives, James
Sensenbrenner,askedthatthecompa-
niesbeallowedtodisclosemoreinfor-
mationpubliclyaboutgovernmentde-
mandsfordata.AndDemocratsinboth
theHouseandtheSenatesaidthey
wouldintroducelegislation.
‘‘IambeginningtoseealotofRepub-
licansfightonthisissue,’’Representa-
tiveJerroldNadler,aNewYorkDemo-
cratandmemberoftheHouseJudiciary
Committee,saidinaninterview. ‘‘I
thinkthesituationisextremelyfluid,
butIknowalotofpeopleareinterested
indoingsomething.’’
InaletterThursdaytotopadminis-
trationofficials, theSiliconValley
companiesandcivillibertiesgroups
askedthatthegovernmentstartopen-
ingupthesurveillanceprocessbyal-
lowingcompaniestopubliclydisclose
thenumberofsecretrequestsfordata
theyreceivefromtheN.S.A.,thenum-
berofindividualstherequestscover,
andwhethertherequestsinvolvethe
contentofcommunicationsorother
data,accordingtoadraftoftheletter
andinterviewswithofficialsfromthe
companiesandorganizationsinvolved.
WhileprominentInternetcompanies
arepushingforfullerdisclosure,some
ofthenation’slargesttelecommunica-
tionsfirmswerenotwillingtosignon,
accordingtoseveralpeopleinvolvedin
thecoalition.Someofthosebusinesses
havepreviouslyreceivedlegal im-
munityfromCongressfortheirinvolve-
mentwiththeBushadministration’s
warrantlesswiretappingprogram,and
havecloseandlongstandingtiestothe
N.S.A.
TheSiliconValleyInternetcompa-
niescallingformoretransparencyare
increasinglyconcernedthattheN.S.A.
controversycoulddamagetheircredi-
bility,particularlywithcustomersover-
seas.
‘‘Thecommercialissueiswhether
peoplearoundtheworldaregoingto
trustAmericanInternetcompanies
with their data,’’ saidAndrew
McLaughlin, thechiefexecutiveof
Digg,asocialnewsWebsite,anda
formerWhiteHouseInternetpolicyad-
viserintheObamaadministration.‘‘If
youareinthegovernmentinGermany,
youmightthinktwiceaboutusingan
Americancompanyasyourcloudpart-
ner.YoumightseeAmericancompanies
notwinningthosekindsofcontracts.’’
JACQUELYNMARTIN/AP
RepresentativeJamesSensenbrenner.
‘‘Thecommercialissueis
whetherpeoplearoundthe
worldaregoingtotrust
AmericanInternetcompanies.’’
TuesdaytoMr.HolderandJamesR.
ClapperJr.,directorofnationalintelli-
gence.Hewasjoinedbyanothermem-
beroftheHouseJudiciaryCommittee,
ZoeLofgren,DemocratofCalifornia.
Duringasometimescontentious
hearingofthejudiciarycommitteeon
Wednesday,RepublicansandDemo-
cratstoldadministrationofficialsthat
theybelievedthegovernmenthadex-
ceededthesurveillanceauthorities
grantedbyCongress,andwarnedthat
theywereunlikelytobereauthorizedin
thefuture.
Mr.Sensenbrennersaidthatnoonein
Congressbelievedthatthecounterter-
rorismlawsenactedsincetheSept.11,
ScottShanecontributedreporting.
....
FRIDAY,JULY19,2013
|
5
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
EUROPE
WORLDNEWS
Russiancourtverdictturnsactivistintodissident
RUSSIA,FROMPAGE1
workedwiththeprosecution.Inhisde-
cision,JudgeBlinovcalledhistestimony
trustworthyandreliable.Butduringthe
trial,Mr.Opalevattimesgavecontra-
dictoryevidence,anddefenselawyers
werenotallowedtocross-examinehim.
Inaddition,JudgeBlinovbarredthede-
fensefromcalling13witnesses.
AlekseiL.Kudrin,acloseassociateof
Mr.Putinandformerfinanceminister,
describedtheverdictontheInternetas
‘‘lookinglesslikeapunishmentthanan
attempttoisolatehimfromsociallife
andtheelectoralprocess.’’
MikhailS.Gorbachev,thefinalpresi-
dentoftheSovietUnion,saidinastate-
mentpostedonhisfoundation’sWeb
sitethatthecasewas‘‘proofthatwedo
nothaveindependentcourts.’’‘‘Using
thecourtsagainstpoliticalopponentsis
unacceptable,’’hesaid.
ThecrimenovelistBorisAkunin,who
isalsoapoliticaloppositionleader,said
theverdictshowedtherewaslittlehope
tochangeRussiabydemocraticmeans.
‘‘Lifetimedeprivationofelections—
thisiswhattheverdictmeansnotonly
forNavalnybutforallwhothoughtit
waspossibletochangethissystem
throughelections,’’Mr.Akuninwrote.
‘‘AslongasthePutinregimeisalive,
therewillnotbeelections.Theanswer
tothequestion‘tobe,ornottobe’thatis
toboycottornotboycott,hasbeen
answered.Forotherelectionsaswell.’’
Mr.Navalnyspentmuchofthecourt
sessiondefiantlypostingcommentary
ontheInternet,includingapointedas-
sertionthatalloftheevidenceagainst
himhadbeenfabricated.Heignoredan
orderfromthejudgetoshutoffcell-
phones.AsJudgeBlinovpronounced
thesentence,aftermorethanthree
hoursofrecitingthefactsofthecase
andreadinghisdecision,Mr.Navalny
wasstillusinghisphone.
OneofMr.Navalny’spostingsread:
‘‘O.K.Don’tmissme.Andmostimport-
antly—donotbelazy.’’Referringtothe
government,headded,‘‘Thetoadwill
notremoveitselffromtheoilpipeline.’’
Asthefive-yearsentencewasde-
livered,andthejudgesaidthatitcould
notbesuspendedbutrequiredactual
jailtime,someofMr.Navalny’ssup-
portersburstintotears.Hewasled
awayinhandcuffs.
Howeverexpectedthejailtermmight
havebeen,thepersonalcostissteep.The
Navalnyshavetwoyoungchildren.At
Scientists
identifygene
thatmay
causeobesity
‘‘Everybodyisamazed,
bewilderedanddisappointed
andwomenhavetearsintheir
eyes.’’
cialswerestillsortingthroughthetech-
nicalities.SomesaidMr.Navalnywould
notbedisqualifieduntilafteraninitial
appeal,whichcouldtakeuptoseveral
months.LeonidVolkov,hiscampaign
manager,saidthecampaignhadnotyet
decidedwhetheritwouldcontinueafter
Thursday’sverdict.
ThechargesthatMr.Navalnyfaced,
datingfromhisbriefroleasanadviser
totheregionalgovernorhere,hadbeen
foundbaselessbyapreviousinvestiga-
tion.TheKremlin,however,madelittle
efforttomaskthepoliticalmotivationof
prosecution.Aspokesmanforthefeder-
alInvestigativeCommittee,Vladimir
Markin,declaredpubliclythatMr.
Navalnyhadmadeatargetofhimself
throughhispoliticalactivitiescritici-
zingpublicofficials.
‘‘Ifapersontrieswithallhisstrength
toattractattention,orifIcanputit,
teasesauthorities—‘Lookatme,I’mso
goodcomparedtoeveryoneelse’—
well,theninterestinhispastgrowsand
theprocessofexposinghimnaturally
speedsup,’’Mr.Markinsaid.
Afterthesentencing,Mr.Navalny’s
longtimepresssecretary,AnnaVeduta,
satonabenchinthecourthousewith
tearsstreamingdownherface.Hiswife,
Yulia,satbesideher,stone-facedbut
slightlypale.Theyremainedtherefor
about10minutesbeforeleavingthrough
abackexit.
Outsidethecourt,Ms.Navalnysaid
herhusband’sworkwouldnotbehalted
andthathehadbeenwarnedofaseri-
oussentencebySergeiM.Guriev,a
prominentRussianeconomistandsup-
porterofMr.Navalnywhorecentlyfled
toFrancefearingforhisownfreedom.
‘‘Alekseiwasasreadyforthisasone
canbe,’’Ms.Navalnysaid.‘‘Ifanyone
believesthatAleksei’sinvestigations
willcease,thatisnotthecase.TheFund
fortheFightAgainstCorruptionwill
continueworkingasbefore.’’
Discoverycouldchange
waydoctorsdealwith
overweightpatients
BYGINAKOLATA
Themicewereeatingtheirusualchow
andexercisingnormally,buttheywere
gettingfatanyway.Thereason:re-
searchershaddeletedagenethatacts
inthebrainandcontrolshowquickly
caloriesareburned.Eventhoughthey
wereconsumingexactlythesamenum-
berofcaloriesasleanmice,themice
weregainingweight.
Sofar,onlyoneperson—aseverely
obesechild—hasbeenfoundtohavea
mutationinthesamegenethatcom-
pletelydisablesit.Butthediscoveryof
thesameeffectinmiceandthechild—a
findingpublishedWednesdayinthe
journalScience—mayhelpexplainwhy
somepeopleputonweighteasilywhile
otherseatalltheywantandseemnever
togainanounce.Itmayalsoofferclues
toapuzzleinthefieldofobesity:Why
dostudiesfindthatpeoplegaindifferent
amountsofweightwhileovereatingby
thesameamount?
Scientistshavelongthoughtexplana-
tionsforwhysomepeoplegetfatmight
lieintheirgenes.Theyknewbody
weightwasstronglyinherited.Years
ago, forexample, theyfoundtwins
rearedaparttendedtohavesimilar
weightsandadopteestendedtohave
weightsliketheirbiologicalparents,not
theoneswhorearedthem.Asresearch-
ersdevelopedtoolstolookfortheactual
genes,theyfoundevidencethatmany
—maybeevenhundreds—ofgenes
maybeinvolved,stokingappetites,
makingpeoplevoraciouslyhungry.
Thisraregene-disablingmutation,
though,isintriguingbecauseitseemsto
explain something different: a
propensitytopileonweightevenwhile
eatingwhatshouldbeanormalamount
offood.Investigatorsarenowsearching
forothermutationsofthesamegenein
fatpeoplethatmayhaveasimilar,but
lessextremeeffect.Thehopeisthat,in
thelongterm,understandinghowthis
geneaffectsweightgainmightleadto
treatmentsforobesitythataltertherate
atwhichcaloriesareburned.
‘‘Thehistoryofobesityformany,
manyyearshasbeenoneofblaming
peopleforlackofselfcontrol,’’saidDr.
JosephMajzoub,chiefofendocrinology
atBostonChildren’sHospitalandlead
authorofthenewpaper.‘‘Ifsomeofitis
duetoaslowmetabolism,thatwould
completelychangetheperspectivesof
parentsandpatients.Itreallywould
changethewaywethinkofthedisease.’’
Intheirpaper,Dr.Majzoubandhis
colleaguesdescribefiguringouthow
thegenetheydeleted,MRAP2,actsin
thebraintocontrolweight.Theydis-
coveredthatitisahelpergene.Itnor-
mallyactsinthebraintosignalanother
genealreadyknowntobeinvolvedin
controllingappetite.Sotheydeveloped
ahypothesis.Ifthehelpergenewasde-
leted,thebrakesshouldcomeoffthe
genethatcontrolsappetite.Animals
shouldeatvoraciously.
Indeed,themicewiththemissing
geneendedupweighingtwiceasmuch
astheirnormalsiblings,andmostof
thatextraweightwasduetofataccu-
mulation.
‘‘Duringthemouseequivalentofchild-
hoodandadolescencetheywerebecom-
ingrapidlyobese,’’Dr.Majzoubsaid.
Thesurprisecamewhenthere-
searchersfiguredoutwhy.Whenthe
micewereyoung,theyhadnormalap-
petites.Theresearchersmeasured
whattheyandtheirnormalsiblingsate
anddeterminedtheywereeatingthe
sameamountoffood.Yetthemicewith
thedeletedgenestillgainedweight.The
onlywaytheobesity-pronemicecould
bekeptslimwastobefed10to15per-
centlessthantheirsiblings.
Butasadults,themicewiththemiss-
inggenedevelopedmonstrousappetites.
Givenachance,theyatemuchmorethan
theirsiblings,exacerbatingtheeffectsof
theirtendencytoturnfoodintofat.
Thatledtheresearcherstoaskifthe
samegeneticphenomenoncouldbe
makingpeopleobese.Theycontacted
Dr.SadafFarooqioftheUniversityof
Cambridge,whosegrouphasbeenmap-
pingthegenesofmassivelyobesechil-
dren,andstudiedthedataon500ofthe
children,searchingformutationsthat
disabledthesamegenetheyhadde-
letedinmice.
Onechildclearlyhadagene-disabling
mutationandthreeothershadmuta-
tionsthattheinvestigatorssuspect
mightrenderthegenenonfunctional.
Noneofthenormalweightchildrenhad
amutationinthehelpergene.
‘‘Fromabasicsciencepointofview,
thisisreallyinterestingandexciting,’’
saidDavidB.Allison,anobesityre-
searcherattheUniversityofAlabamain
Birminghamwhowasnotinvolvedinthe
study.Anydiscoverythathelpsfillinthe
detailsofhowthebraincontrolseating
andweightgainisimportant,headded.
Dr.Mazjoubandhiscolleaguesare
nowtryingtodeterminewhetheraddi-
tionalmutationsinthegenetheydis-
covered—onesthathinderitsfunction
butdonotcompletelydisableit—might
explainwhysomepeoplegainweight.
‘‘Allwecandoishope,’’Dr.Majzoub
said.
VALENTINASVISTUNOVA/EUROPEANPRESSPHOTOAGENCY
AsupporterofMr.NavalnyresistingarrestoutsidethecitycourtinKirovonThursday. Mr.Navalnywasconvictedofembezzlement.
times,duringherremarks,Ms.Navalny
chokedbacktears.
Beforebeingledoutofthecourtroom
byguards,Mr.Navalnyturnedand
huggedhiswifeandshookhandswith
somesupporters.
Theincumbent,SergeiS.Sobyanin,is
widelyfavoredtowintheMoscowmay-
oralelection,whichwillbeheldin
September.AttheheadquartersofMr.
Navalny’smayoralcampaigninMos-
cow,severaldozenvolunteers,whohad
signedupinJuneafterseeingpostson
socialnetworkingsites,glumlywatched
alivewebcastfromthecourt.
‘‘Everybodyisinshock,’’Roman
Rubanov,adeputycampaignmanager
said,afterwatchingMr.Navalnybeled
awaybybailiffs.‘‘Everybodywasex-
pectingtheworst,ofcourse.Butitisone
thingtoknowitwillhappenandanother
toseehowitactuallyhappens.’’
Mr.Rubanovadded,‘‘Everybodyis
amazed,bewilderedanddisappointed
andwomenhavetearsintheireyes.’’
Redballoonsprintedwiththeword
‘‘Navalny’’festoonedhismayoralcam-
paignheadquarters.Aposterhungon
thewallproclaiminghiscampaignslo-
gan,‘‘ChangeRussia,startwithMos-
cow’’—areferencetoMr.Navalny’s
previouslystatedambitionofrunning
forpresidentoneday.Stacksofflierssat
onabench.
Mr.Navalnywasofficiallyregistered
forthemayoralraceonWednesdayaf-
ternoon,lessthan24hoursbeforehis
conviction.Aconvictedcriminalcannot
runforpublicofficeinRussia,butoffi-
AlexandraKozlova,EllenBarry,An-
drewE.Kramer,AndrewRoth,Anna
Tikhomirova,NoahSneiderandSophia
Kishkovskycontributedreportingfrom
Moscow.
StandoffjeopardizesObamavisit
Suspect’smotherinheist
sayssheburnedartworks
temsoitmoreclearlytargetsmedium
rangemissilesbystateslikeIran,not
Russia’slargearsenaloflong-range
missiles.ButRussiaisstillnotmollified
andRepublicansintheSenatehave
madecleartheywouldnotacceptaddi-
tionalchangestothemissiledefense
system.
AngelaE.Stent,aformernationalin-
telligenceofficeronRussianowat
GeorgetownUniversity,saidObamaad-
ministrationofficialsarequestioning
theMoscowmeetingbecausethey‘‘are
notclearwhatwillactuallybesigned’’
evenifMr.Snowden’scaseisresolved
bythen.
‘‘Thereseemtobesignificantgaps
betweenRussiaandU.S.sidesonthese
importantissuessuchasSyria,missile
defenseandarmscontrol,’’shesaid.
Ms.Stent,authorofaforthcoming
bookonMr.PutinandRussian-Ameri-
canrelations,saidcancelingtheMos-
cowmeetingwouldbeabigsignal.Rus-
sia’sprimeminister inthe1990s
abruptlyturnedhisairplanearound
whileenroutetotheUnitedStateswhen
theKosovowarwasabouttobegin.Last
year,Mr.PutinskippedaGroupofEight
meetingatCampDavidandMr.Obama
skippedanAsia-Pacificsummitmeet-
inginRussiathathehadnevercommit-
tedtoattending.
ButMs.Stentsaidshecouldnotrecall
anothertimesincetheColdWarthatan
Americanpresidentcalledoffameeting
thatwasalreadyscheduled.‘‘Iftheydo
cancelthatpartofthesummit,that’sun-
precedentedsincethecollapseofthe
SovietUnionfromtheAmericanside,’’
shesaid.
‘‘Anditraisesthequestionforthe
Obamaadministration—Russia’snot
goingtobeahighpriorityfortherestof
theterm.’’
OBAMA,FROMPAGE1
Mr.Putinhasalsomadeclearthathe
doesnotwanttheshowdowntoharm
ties.‘‘Bilateralrelations,inmyopinion,
arefarmoreimportantthansquabbles
abouttheactivitiesofthesecretser-
vices,’’hetoldRussianreporterswho
askedWednesdayaboutthescheduled
Moscowmeeting.
Mr.PutindidnotsaywhetherMr.
Snowden,aformerNationalSecurity
Agencyworkerwhodisclosedexpans-
ivesurveillanceprograms,wouldbe
grantedasylumbutrepeatedhispast
conditionthathedesistfromactivity
thatmightharmtheUnitedStates.‘‘We
warnedMr.Snowdenthatanyactionby
himthatcouldcausedamagetoRus-
sian-Americanrelationsisunaccept-
abletous,’’Mr.Putinsaid.
ButthedisputeoverMr.Snowdenhas
onlybroughthomethedeeperdivide
betweenWashingtonandMoscow.The
convictionofAlekseiA.Navalny, a
prominentleaderoftheoppositionto
Mr.Putin,onembezzlementchargesex-
acerbatedAmericanconcernsoverre-
pressionofpoliticaldissentinRussia.It
followedaweekaftertheposthumous
convictionofSergeiL.Magnitsky,alaw-
yer investigatingofficialcorruption
whowasarrestedanddiedincustody.
SomeRepublicansinWashington
alsoexpressedconcernatreportsthat
Russiaisviolatingitsobligationsunder
the Intermediate-Range Nuclear
Forcestreatyof1987.Lastmonth,Mr.
Putinpubliclyquestionedtheutilityof
thattreaty.
AtahearingonCapitolHill,Senator
KellyAyotte,RepublicanofNewHamp-
shire,askedseniormilitaryleaders
Wednesdayifthereportsoftreatyviola-
tionsweretrue.Adm.JamesA.Win-
nefeldJr.,thevicechairmanoftheJoint
ChiefsofStaff,saidhecouldnotanswer
inanunclassifiedbriefing.
curitysystemattheKunsthalmuseum.
Shortlyafter3a.m.lastOct.16,the
Dutchpolicesaidatthetime,theydeac-
tivateditandbrokethelockonanemer-
gencydoorwithouttriggeringalarms.
Themuseum’scamerasystemshows
twomenenteringandleavinginless
than96seconds,carryingwideback-
packsstuffedwiththepaintings.Littleis
knownaboutwhatfollowed.
Intheabsenceoffurthernews,Dutch
newspapersandsomeartdealers
speculatedtheplundermighthavebeen
acontractjoborchestratedbyunder-
worldfigures,withthethievespicking
theirtargetswellaheadoftime.
Whateverthetruth,atsomepoint
afterthat,theworksallegedlymade
theirwaytothesmalltowninRomania
whereMr.Dogarulives,whichMr.
Oberlander-Tarnoveanu,thedirectorof
theRomanianmuseum,describedas‘‘a
remoteandpoorvillage.’’
InJanuary,thepoliceraidedMr.Dog-
aru’shomeandthoseofseveralofhis
relativesandacquaintances.Jeichien
deGraaff,aspokeswomanfortheRot-
terdampublicprosecutor’soffice,said
thesuspectswereunderinvestigation
foranotherunknownissue,andthat
‘‘thentheRomaniaauthoritiesdis-
coveredtheymightbeinvolvedinthe
arttheftinRotterdam.’’
Mr.Dogaru’sarrestspurredhismoth-
erintoaction.Ms.Dogarusaidshepan-
ickedwhensherealizedthepaintings
wouldbeusedasevidenceagainsther
son.Withthepolicecombingthevillage,
shetoldofficials,shehadlookedfor
placestohidethecanvases,whichwere
jumbledinalargeplasticbag.
Shehidthelotinvariousplaces,in-
cludinghersister’shomeandherown
garden.Then,shesaid,sheburiedthem
atthelocalvillagecemetery.Butthat
didnotendheranxiety.
Fearfulthattheycouldstillbedis-
covered,shesaid,‘‘anideaspranginto
mymind.’’Ifthepaintingswerenot
found,thepolicewouldhavenoevi-
denceagainsthersonandhisfriends.
Inherstatement,Mrs.Dogarusaid
shelitafireinthestoveandwenttothe
cemeterytoretrievethepaintings.‘‘I
putthewholepackagewiththeseven
paintings,withoutevenopeningit,into
thestove,andthenplacedoverthem
somewoodandmyplasticslippersand
waitedforthemtofullyburn,’’shesaid.
‘‘ThenextdayIcleanedthestove,
tookouttheashandplaceditinthe
garden,inawheelbarrow.’’
ButisMs.Dogaru’sstorytrue?
Mr.Oberlander-Tarnoveanuistrying
tokeepapositiveview,thoughthefind-
ingsofhisownteamlookgrim.‘‘Iam
holdingouthopeuntilthelastmoment,
because,youknow,weneedtokeepat
leastsomehopealive,’’hesaid.
HEIST,FROMPAGE1
scoredtheintriguesoftheinternational
criminalnetworksluredbyhigh-priced
artandtheenormousdifficultiesin-
volvedinstoring,sellingorotherwise
disposingofwell-knownworksonce
theyhavebeenstolen.
Asinsomanysuchmesmerizing
capers—including,recently,anestimat-
ed$350millionworthofdiamondsfrom
theBrusselsairport—thefeatisoften
easierthanthefencing.Itisaquandary
—alongwiththelengthsamothermay
gotoprotectherson—thatcouldhelp
explaintheactionsofMs.Dogaru,who
hasbeenarrested,ifsheinfactdidwhat
shesays.
Mr.Oberlander-Tarnoveanudeclined
toconfirmwhethertheashwasinfact
theburnedremainsof thestolen
canvases.‘‘Thatisforlegalauthorities
todetermine,’’hesaid.
Buthesaidhisteamhaddiscovered
materialthatclassicalFrench,Dutch,
SpanishandotherEuropeanartiststyp-
icallyusedtopreparecanvasesforoil
paintingandthe‘‘remainsofcolors,like
red,yellow,green,bluegrey.’’Thepig-
mentsincludedcinnabar, chromium
greenandlazarite—ablue-greencop-
percompound—aswellastin-leadyel-
low,whichartistsstoppedusingafterthe
19thcenturybecauseoftoxicity.Inaddi-
tion,coppernailsandtacksmadeby
blacksmithsbeforetheindustrialrevolu-
tion,usedtotackthecanvasdown,were
foundinthedebris.Suchitemswouldbe
nearlyimpossibletofake,hesaid.
Itwouldbehardertoverifywhat
happenedtothemoredelicateworksof
PicassoandMatisse,Mr.Oberlander-
Tarnoveanusaid.Iftheywereindeed
theonesstolenfromtheKunsthal,they
weredoneinpastelsandcoloredinkon
paper.‘‘Unfortunately,it’simpossibleto
assessthoseremains,’’hesaid,‘‘be-
causetheburnedpaperwasbasically
turnedintopurecarbon.’’
Theart,partofacollectionamassed
byaDutchinvestor,WillemCordia,had
beenexhibitedforonlyoneweekatthe
Kunsthal,whenthepolicesaythree
men,ledbyMr.Dogaru,whowasarres-
tedinlateJanuaryinCarcaliuandeven-
tuallychargedwithstealingtheworks,
brokeinthroughanemergencyexitand
snatchedthesevenworksfromthewall
injustundertwominutes.
Thestolencanvasesalsoincluded
Monet’s‘‘CharingCrossBridge,Lon-
don,’’paintedin1901;Matisse’s‘‘Read-
ingGirlinWhiteandYellow’’from1919;
andMeyerdeHaan’s‘‘Self-Portrait’’
from1890;andFreud’s2002‘‘Woman
WithEyesClosed.’’
OnThursday,GabrielaChiru, a
spokesmanfortheRomanianpublic
prosecutor,saidtheauthoritieswere
waitingtoexaminethefindingsofthe
museum’sinvestigativeteam.‘‘Thisis
anongoingcase,’’Ms.Chirusaid.
Whatisclearisthatthethievesap-
pearedtohavebeenfamiliarwiththese-
JONATHANERNST/REUTERS
Sen.Grahamsaidthepresidentshouldtry
tomovetheG-20meetingoutofRussia.
‘‘Shouldyougo?Myadviceto
youisIwouldn’tgotoSt.
Petersburg.Iwouldaskfora
changeofvenue.’’
Suchviolationswouldmakeitunwise
topursuefurthernucleararmscuts
withRussia,Ms.Ayottesaid.‘‘Giventhe
behaviorofRussia,Ithinkitisatbest
naïvetothinkthatwe’regoingtobeable
tonegotiateanykindoffurtherreduc-
tions,whichIwouldoppose,’’shesaid.
‘‘Idon’tthinkthatistherightdirection
fortheprotectionsofthiscountry.’’
Mr.Obamaannouncedinaspeechin
Berlinlastmonththathewantedtone-
gotiateanotherroundofarmscutswith
Russia,cuttingeachside’sstockofde-
ployedstrategicwarheadsbyanother
thirdbeyondtheNewStarttreaty
signedinhisfirstterm.Theadministra-
tionhopedtoadvancethatinitiativeat
theSeptembermeetinginMoscowby
framingfuturediscussionsoverreduc-
tions.
ButMr.Putinhaslinkedfurtherre-
ductionstoarangeofotherstrategicis-
sues,includingU.S.planstobuildamis-
siledefensesysteminEurope.Mr.
Obamahasalreadyscaledbackthesys-
ThomShankercontributedreporting.
ReportingwascontributedbyGeorge
CalininBucharestandGeorgiKantchev
inParis.
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