International Herald Tribune 20130626, International New York Times
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BY JOHNM. BRODER
President Barack Obama on Tuesday
proposed a sweeping plan to address
climate change, setting ambitious goals
and timetables for a series of executive
actions to reduce greenhouse gas pollu-
tion and prepare the country for the rav-
ages of a warming planet.
‘‘The question now is whether we will
have the courage to act before it’s too
late, and howwe answer will have a pro-
found impact,’’ Mr. Obama said in a ma-
jor policy address at Georgetown Uni-
versity.
He added, ‘‘As a president, as a father,
and as an American, I’m here to say, we
need to act.’’
In his speech, Mr. Obama proposed
the first limits on carbon pollution from
existing power plants and promised to
complete pending rules for new plants.
He directed the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency to work with states and in-
dustries to devise standards for emis-
sions of carbon dioxide and other heat-
trapping gases from existing plants by
June 2014, and finalize the rules the fol-
lowing June.
The president also directed the
agency to complete standards for new
fossil fuel power plants by the end of
September. The rules, first proposed in
April 2012, were supposed to be com-
pleted two months ago.
The plan represents the most far-
reaching effort by an American presi-
dent to address what many experts con-
sider to be the defining environmental
and economic challenge of the 21st cen-
tury.
But it also could provoke a backlash
from some in Congress and in states de-
pendent on coal and other industries,
who will say that it imposes costly, job-
killing burdens on a still-fragile econo-
my.
Already, on Monday, shares in U.S.
coal mining companies fell sharply—by
6 to 8 percentage points — partly in an-
ticipation of the speech, though partly
also because of weak economic data
fromChina.
In a speech in Berlin last week, Mr.
Obama called climate change ‘‘the glob-
al threat of our time’’ and promised
swift action to avert it.
The plan he announced on Tuesday
represents his first serious effort to en-
gage the problem since he threw his
support behind a Democratic cap-and-
trade proposal in the House in 2009 to
reduce carbon-dioxide emissions. That
legislation died in the Senate in 2010.
None of what the president proposed
will require action by Congress, which
has shown no appetite for dealing with
global warming and its attendant en-
ergy challenges in a comprehensive
way. But some of what Mr. Obama
hopes to accomplish is likely to face le-
gal and political challenges.
Top-level White House aides and cab-
inet officers have been working on the
BY ADAM LIPTAK
The Supreme Court on Tuesday effec-
tively struck down the heart of the Vot-
ing Rights Act of 1965, a towering legisla-
tive achievement of the civil rights
movement, ruling in a 5-to-4 vote that
Congress had not provided adequate jus-
tification for subjecting nine states,
mostly in the South, to federal oversight.
The court divided along ideological
lines Tuesday, and the two sides drew
sharply different lessons from the his-
tory of the civil rights movement and
gave very different accounts of whether
racial minorities continue to face dis-
crimination in voting.
President Barack Obama, whose elec-
tion as the nation’s first African-Ameri-
can president was cited by critics of the
law as evidence that it is no longer
needed, said hewas ‘‘deeply disappoint-
ed’’ by the ruling.
‘‘Today’s decision invalidating one of
its core provisions upsets decades of
well-established practices that help
make sure voting is fair, especially in
places where voting discrimination has
been historically prevalent,’’ Mr.
Obama said in a statement.
The central provision of the act, Sec-
tion 5, requiresmany state and local gov-
ernments to obtain permission from the
Justice Department or a federal court in
Washington before making changes in
laws that affect voting—aprovision in-
tended to preclude laws thatmightmake
it more difficult for members of racial or
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on an official visit to Finland, Mr. Putin
offered no new information on where
Mr. Snowden might be headed from the
transit area of Sheremetyevo airport,
near Moscow. But he said Mr. Snowden
had broken no Russian laws.
‘‘Mr. Snowden is a free man,’’ Mr.
Putin said, according to Russian news
services traveling with him. ‘‘The faster
he chooses his ultimate destination, the
better for us and for him.’’
He also said that Russia’s special se-
curity services ‘‘are not engaged with
him and will not be engaged,’’ despite
Mr. Snowden’s trove of American intelli-
gence documents.
‘‘On the territory of the Russian Fed-
eration, Mr. Snowden, thank God, did
not commit any crime,’’ Mr. Putin said.
‘‘As for the issue of the possibility of ex-
tradition,’’ Mr. Putin said, ‘‘we can only
send back some foreign nationals to the
countries with which we have the relev-
ant international agreements on extra-
dition. With the United States we have
no such agreement.’’
Mr. Putin spoke hours after the Rus-
sian foreign minister, Sergey V. Lavrov,
chastised the United States for its de-
mands regardingMr. Snowden. His suc-
cessful effort, so far, to elude his Ameri-
can pursuers has captivated global
attention, showed the limits of Ameri-
can power and strained American rela-
tions with Russia and China.
Mr. Snowden flew to Moscow on Sun-
day from Hong Kong despite an Ameri-
can request that the authorities there
arrest him.
Mr. Snowden has been charged with
violating American espionage laws by
137'3;
BY DAVIDM. HERSZENHORN
AND PETER BAKER
President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia
offered the first direct confirmation on
Tuesday that Edward J. Snowden, the
fugitive former American national secu-
rity contractor, was in an international
transit area at aMoscow airport, and he
appeared to rule out American requests
for his extradition to the United States.
Speaking at a news conference while
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ethnicminorities to vote by, for example,
redrawing electoral districts.
Writing for the majority, Chief Justice
John G. Roberts Jr. said, ‘‘In 1965, the
states could be divided into two groups:
thosewith a recent history of voting tests
and low voter registration and turnout,
and those without those characteristics.
‘‘Congress based its coverage for-
mula on that distinction,’’ Chief Justice
Roberts continued. ‘‘Today the nation is
no longer divided along those lines, yet
the Voting Rights Act continues to treat
it as if it were.’’
buy many more shares in the future at a
predetermined price.
Because many of the investors who
are likely to participate in the stock pro-
gramare the same executives whowere
running the banks at the time of their
near-collapse, critics see it as a case of
bankers’ being rewarded despite their
management missteps. And they say
the cash-strapped Greek government is
forgoing billions of euros in potential
revenue with the way the stock offering
is being handled.
If the underlying stock price sub-
sequently rises, the warrants will ex-
plode in value, giving the bank execu-
tives an opportunity to consolidate
032(32
BY LANDON THOMAS JR.
Even as European taxpayers grimace at
the escalating cost of bailing out
Greece’s banking system, the banks’
top executives are poised to potentially
strike it rich.
That is the upshot of a cash injection
program the Greek government and its
international creditors have devised to
help recapitalize the country’s near-
bust banks.
The plan involves an usual twist as
stock offerings go: the newshares in the
banks will give investors potentially lu-
crative warrants free, entitling them to
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Civil rights groups cheered the justices’
ruling, while others saw it as hastening
the end of racial preferences.
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A family moving away from the shelled village of al-Bara, in Syria.
U.S., Russian and U.N. officials resumed talks on Syria in Geneva on Tuesday.
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Ministers reacted angrily to comments
by the European Commission president
as euro-skepticism grew.
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It would be a mistake to cede the debate
over the European Union’s future to the
euro-skeptics, who see the currency as
a metaphor for German domination,
writes Giles MacDonogh.
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The U.S. Supreme Court signals that
the era of race-based affirmative action
is waning. While not being rejected,
affirmative action is being subsumed
within class-based initiatives.
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Amid a government bribery scandal,
President Milos Zeman nominated an
ally, Jiri Rusnok, for the post.
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Sheik Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani has
confirmed that he is handing over
power to his 33-year-old son.
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An E.U. expert supported Google in its
battle against a ‘‘right to be forgotten’’
demand in a Spanish case, but a group
of technology and media companies
increased pressure on the European
antitrust authorities to reject a
preliminary deal with Google.
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For the last 80 years, the people who
live in the Sierra Norte region of
Mexico have been crazy about
basketball. Introduced by a president
who wanted to unite, or perhaps
distract, the various indigenous groups,
the sport has become more popular
than soccer. The photographer Jorge
Santiago captured this obsession with
the sport.
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Since the financial crisis, the Federal
Reserve chairman has given details
about policy. Some call that a mistake,
Andrew Sorkin writes.
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connection while they are flying, but it
remains to be seen how viable in-flight
Wi-Fi will be as a business.
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The waters off a French territory near
Newfoundland, where some believe a 1927 bid to fly across the Atlantic ended.
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CURRENCIES
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publicans and breakaway Democrats,
refused to pass the Women’s Equality
Act, which included a provision to en-
sure abortion rights in the state.
‘‘It’s unfortunate that political grand-
standing has triumphed in New York
State to the detriment of gender equal-
ity,’’ said Lauren Hersh, the New York
director of Equality Now, an interna-
tional organization working for justice
for women and girls. With the recent
House vote in mind, she said, the New
York measure ‘‘would have furthered
women’s rights to reproductive health
at a time when they are being eroded
around the country, not only at the
state level, but also at the federal level.’’
In the past three years, at least 11
states have passed laws restricting
abortions at or near 22 weeks, the same
limit imposed by the House’s Pain-Ca-
pable Unborn Child Protection Act.
South Carolina and Wisconsin are con-
sidering similar bans; Arkansas and
North Dakota have passed abortion re-
strictions; and in Ohio, an anti-abortion
bill would require invasive transvagin-
al ultrasounds.
In Texas, encouraged by Governor
Rick Perry, Republican legislators were
racing to approve an omnibus abortion
bill by the end of a special legislative
session on Tuesday, according to The
Texas Tribune. It would be one of the
more restrictive abortion bills in the na-
tion, similar to the measure passed by
the U.S. House last week. The Texas bill
was expected to pass.
Abortion opponents get a boost from
national polls that show that abortion
rights do not enjoy overwhelming public
support, unlike other hot social issues
like same-sex marriage and gun control.
Polls vary, and none of them seem con-
clusive —which of course helps to fuel
controversy and prompts each side to
dig up surveys backing their positions.
Representative Marsha Blackburn,
Republican of Tennessee, speaking on
Fox News last Saturday, brought up a
poll showing that some 60 percent of
Americans opposed second-trimester
abortions. Ms. Blackburn led the anti-
abortion legislation on the House floor,
though the bill’s author was Represen-
tative Trent Franks of Arizona, who en-
raged some women with a comment
that few rapes resulted in pregnancies.
But Ms. Blackburn raised eyebrows,
too, when she seemed to suggest that
the House bill could lead to fewer rapes.
In any case, a rekindled war over
and between women has moved once
again to the front lines in the American
political and policy scene.
And it resonates well beyond U.S.
borders.
‘‘What is happening in the United
States signals to the rest of the world
that there is far more work to do to
break down barriers to accessing safe
abortion for women everywhere,’’
Pamela W. Barnes, the president and
chief executive of the nonprofit global
women’s health organization En-
genderHealth, said in an e-mail.
In Engender’s 70 years of experi-
ence, she said, ‘‘what is constant is that
women, no matter how they live, will
go to great lengths to end an unwanted
pregnancy, even risking their lives.’’
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As the Republican-con-
trolled House of Representatives ap-
proved this month the most restrictive
abortion bill to come out of Congress in
at least a decade, abortion rights de-
fenders mounted a full-blown cam-
paign to blunt what they instantly
labeled ‘‘a new war on women.’’
‘‘The House of Representatives just
passed the most extreme national anti-
choice bill we’ve seen in recent years,’’
said Jess McIntosh, the communica-
tions director of Emily’s List, which
supports female Democratic candi-
dates and is one of the largest political
action committees in the United States.
‘‘It’s blatantly unconstitutional and
decimates the rights of every single
woman in the country,’’ she told me by
e-mail immediately after the vote on
June 18. ‘‘This attack on our hardest-
fought rights cannot go unanswered.’’
Her boss, Stephanie Schriock, the
head of Emily’s List, took the fight di-
rectly to the Republicans. ‘‘It’s clear
that jobs, the economy and the well-be-
ing of American women are not priorit-
ies for the G.O.P., which just jumps from
one piece of terrible anti-woman legis-
lation to the next,’’ she said. ‘‘Women
rejected the Republican agenda by his-
toric margins in 2012, but it’s clear the
G.O.P. hasn’t learned its lesson.’’
There is in fact little chance that the
House measure, which would ban abor-
tions after 22 weeks of pregnancy, will
see the light of day in the Democratic-
controlled Senate and White House.
But it has undeniably had an effect:
Abortion is back on center stage in the
countdown to the midterm elections
next year, and the vote in the House
served to put the spotlight on several
key states where anti-abortion forces
have quietly made significant inroads.
Prodded by public revulsion at the
Philadelphia physician who was found
guilty of murder for killing babies after
botched late-term abortions and citing a
scientifically unproven theory that
fetuses at 22 weeks can feel pain, House
Republicans and conservative law-
makers in state legislatures have rein-
vigorated the debate about abortion and
have had some success in limiting it.
This is happening not only in Repub-
lican-led states. For instance, on Friday
in New York, considered among the
most liberal of American states, the
State Senate, which is controlled by Re-
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coast of Newfoundland on the morning
of May 9, along with at least four resi-
dents. A local fisherman, now dead,
used to speak of hearing a plane crash
and cries for help, Mr. Decré said.
Residents and sailors reported debris
in the area shortly after L’Oiseau Blanc
was missing, and other fishermen are
said to have dredged up aircraft wreck-
age over the years.
Mr. Decré’s search is the first to focus
on Saint-Pierre, part of a small group of
islands that form the territory of Saint-
Pierre and Miquelon, which, despite its
location, belongs to France. This was a
distinction of particular importance
during Prohibition in America, from
1920 to 1933, when Saint-Pierre became
a major hub for bootleggers.
It has been suggested that L’Oiseau
Blanc was shot down by the U.S. Coast
Guard, mistaking the French fliers for
rumrunners. Whether or not that was
the case, the coast guard may prove to
be a key to finding the plane. At the Na-
tional Archives in Washington, Mr. De-
cré has unearthed a coast guard tele-
gram from August 1927 describing what
appeared to be the wreckage of a bi-
plane wing floating off the Virginia
coast. ‘‘It is suggested to headquarters
that this may be the wreck of the Nun-
gesser Coli airplane,’’ it reads.
That sighting would be in keeping
with a crash off Saint-Pierre, Mr. Decré
calculates. He suspects that the coast
guard plucked the wreckage from the
water and that it is nowresting forgotten
in awarehouse somewhere. ‘‘We’re sure
they’ve got a piece of the wing,’’ he said.
Nonetheless, Mr. Decré was here
again last month, this time equipped
with a powerful magnetometer and a
multidirectional sonar unit. With back-
ing fromthe local authorities, the French
government and especially Safran, the
aerospace and defense company, Mr.
Decré’s budget this year reached about
¤150,000, or roughly $200,000. Three
weeks of scans in about 55 meters, or 180
feet, of water turned up nothing, though.
Unlike French newspapers of the
time, Mr. Decré has yet to cry victory,
but last month, he organized a wreath-
laying ceremony here in honor of the fli-
ers. Mr. Lindbergh’s grandson, Erik, at-
tended. ‘‘Before my grandfather flew
across the Atlantic, people who flew in
airplanes were called barnstormers and
daredevils — they were crazy,’’ Mr.
Lindbergh said. Mr. Nungesser and Mr.
Coli may not have succeeded, he said,
but their daring ought to be celebrated.
Still, Mr. Decrémeans to find physical
remains and has every intention of con-
tinuing his search. Less certain is
whether his sponsors will follow suit.
The local population remains skeptical,
too. While they admire Mr. Decré’s en-
thusiasm, many inhabitants say they
are unconvinced he will find any wreck-
age, even if there is indeed any here.
‘‘It’s like trying to haul up water with
a fishing net,’’ said Serge Perrin, 56,
shucking scallops on the deck of his
boat. ‘‘We never heard anyone talk
about L’Oiseau Blanc before he showed
up,’’ Mr. Perrin added, suggesting that
some locals had perhaps inventedmem-
ories of the plane — consciously or not
— after reading about the crash.
‘‘There are some who believe it and
some who don’t believe it — it’s like
Santa Claus,’’ said Amandine Pinault, a
reporter for the local television station.
‘‘In any case, it’s a beautiful story.’’
7%-284-)66)
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BY SCOTT SAYARE
Two French aviators had done it, it
seemed — accomplished the first, near-
unthinkable flight between Paris and
New York, and on May 10, 1927, newspa-
pers across France proclaimed ‘‘the tri-
umph of French wings’’ and a ‘‘golden
age of French aviation.’’
‘‘Nungesser and Coli have suc-
ceeded,’’ declaredLaPresse, going so far
as to detail their sea landing inNewYork
Harbor and the ‘‘cheers that rose up
from the ships that surrounded them.’’
Those heady first reports proved
false. Charles Nungesser, a daredevil
aristocrat and top French flying ace,
and François Coli, a one-eyed mariner
and former infantryman, had not ar-
rived in NewYork. Their hulking single-
engine biplane, L’Oiseau Blanc, The
White Bird, was never found.
They had vanished ‘‘like midnight
ghosts,’’ wrote Charles Lindbergh, the
American who only days later reached
Paris from New York. The Frenchmen
were thought to have gone down in the
English Channel, or in the Atlantic, or
between Newfoundland andMaine.
Their disappearance, considered one
of aviation’s great mysteries, has in-
spired decades of hypothesizing.
A growing body of evidence, however,
suggests that the aviators crashed off
this tiny island, a craggy outcrop of
lichenous rock and boxy, brightly colored
houses about 15 kilometers, or nine
miles, fromNewfoundland. It is a theory
championed by Bernard Decré, a French
septuagenarian who has committed five
years to a full-time search for L’Oiseau
Blanc. ‘‘I was always at the back of the
class, making drawings of ships and air-
planes — that hasn’t changed, actually,’’
said Mr. Decré, 73 and retired, who re-
mains a constant scribbler and hopes to
‘‘readjust the history of aviation.’’
‘‘We just want to recognize that they
accomplished a fantastic crossing,’’ he
said. A nonstop flight from Paris to
Newfoundland would have been the
first between Continental Europe and
North America, and the first Atlantic
crossing from east to west.
At 5:17 a.m. on May 8, 1927, the wood-
and-canvas Oiseau Blanc trundled
down the grass airstrip at Le Bourget,
outside Paris. Seated side by side in the
open cockpit, the aviators reportedly
brought with them canned fish, bana-
nas, rum and little else, concerned as
they were with weight. They carried no
radio, and the wheeled undercarriage
was jettisoned shortly after takeoff.
InNewYork, thousands had gathered
to await the plane’s arrival, newspapers
reported. A water landing was planned
beside the Statue of Liberty.
‘‘They really needed to have a tail wind
the whole way to make it,’’ Mr. Decré
said. ‘‘But these guys were gamblers.’’
Like Mr. Lindbergh, the two aviators
were competing for the Orteig Prize, a
$25,000 reward for the first nonstop flight
fromNewYork to Paris, or vice versa.
Mr. Decré believes the fliers were
forced off course by storms over New-
foundland. With fuel running low after
Join a discussion on the IHT
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A chapter of accidents which gave the
spectators thrills marked the start of the
balloon race held in connection with the
annual fête of the Stella women’s aero
club, from the balloon park of the Aéro-
Club de France, at Saint-Cloud, yester-
day [June 25] afternoon. Nine balloons
were to have ascended, but only eight got
away, the other one, the Etoile Polaire,
having to be deflated after it had been
twice damaged as the result of gusts of
wind. The wind was so strong that at
times it caused the balloons to heel over
almost on to the head of the spectators.
eration. Joseph Buerckel and Arthur
Seyss-Inquart are pictured as in serious
conflict with each other, and it is known
that certain representatives of Austrian
Nazi factions have come to Berlin to ask
for Buerckel’s recall. With Herr Hitler
out of the city none of these Austrian
spokesmen, it is thought, has been able
to secure direct access to his ear.
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President Kennedy, in a
blunt rebuttal to French President
Charles de Gaulle’s concept of an inde-
pendent Europe, said today [June 25]
that those who would split allies ‘‘give
aid and comfort’’ to enemies of the West.
‘‘The United States,’’ Mr. Kennedy
promised, ‘‘will risk its cities to defend
yours because we need your freedom to
protect ours. . . . Those who would doubt
our pledge or deny this indivisibility —
those who would separate Europe from
America or split one ally from another —
would only give aid and comfort to the
men who make themselves our ad-
versaries and welcome anyWestern dis-
array.’’ Mr. Kennedy tackled the ‘‘De
Gaulle problem’’ in a major foreign
policy address in Frankfurt’s historic
Paulskirche —St. Paul’s Church.
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Differences between various
Nazi groups and personalities in Austria
are causing concern in high party quar-
ters in the old Reich, it was learned to-
night [June 25]. Though reports that
Chancellor Hitler has gone to Vienna in-
cognito to act as arbiter are stamped as
untrue, it is conceded that he may find it
necessary in the end to make an appear-
ance there for that purpose. Now at his
mountain retreat at Berchtesgaden, the
Führer is understood to have the situ-
ation created by the friction between the
warring groups under personal consid-
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about 35 hours, themen attempted a fate-
ful sea landing off Saint-Pierre, he con-
tends, amid a heavy, late-morning fog.
An expert mariner — he founded the
Tour de France à laVoile, amajor French
sailing race — and a onetime communi-
cations executive, Mr. Decré began his
investigation in 2007 after reading an ac-
count by the novelist Clive Cussler of his
own search for the plane in Maine. Mr.
Decré has since combed archives in
France, Canada and Washington and
come here repeatedly, where a small
team of technicians has scoured the sea-
floor for the remains of L’Oiseau Blanc.
He has come upon archival records
showing that 13 people saw or heard the
plane heading south along the eastern
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was primeminister. Hewas the industry
and trade minister in a later govern-
ment. A pragmatist who has worked
both for trade unions and the private
sector, Mr. Rusnok is currently the
chairman of the board of a pension fund.
Analysts suggested that Mr. Zeman’s
appointment of a close ally was an effort
by the president to expand his authority.
The departing center-right coalition
government, which holds a parliamen-
tary majority, had opposed the appoint-
ment ofMr. Rusnok. Last week it nomin-
ated Miroslava Nemcova, the speaker
of the lower house of Parliament, as its
candidate for prime minister.
But Mr. Zeman, who has the power to
appoint the primeminister, said Tuesday
that he had promised during the presi-
dential elections in January that he
would take down the Necas government,
and that he was now fulfilling his prom-
ise. He said that a caretaker government
would be best equipped to ensure that an
investigation of the corruption scandal
would not come under political pressure.
If Mr. Rusnok fails to win a vote of
confidence in Parliament, Mr. Zeman
has two more tries to appoint a prime
minister. If he fails in a third attempt, an
election would be triggered.
In the absence of a government, the
parties can alsomove to dissolve Parlia-
ment, which would lead to early elec-
tions,
December. That would mean a techno-
cratic cabinet would only be in place for
about three months.
Analysts said early elections would
most likely clear the way for a govern-
ment by the opposition Social Demo-
crats, whose promise to increase spend-
ing has resonated with voters who are
disenchanted with an austerity drive
and upset by corruption accusations
surrounding the Civic Democrats.
Mr. Rusnok said Tuesday that he had
no plans to overhaul the previous gov-
ernment’s economic policy.
Ms. Nagyova has been charged with
bribery for offering posts in state-
owned companies to several rebellious
members of Parliament in return for
their agreeing to surrender their seats.
She has denied the accusations.
Jaroslav Plesl, the deputy editor of
Tyden, a leading political weekly
magazine, said that Mr. Zeman, the first
popularly elected president, appeared
to be intent on exploiting the scandal to
increase his own power.
‘‘He sees that the Czechs are fed up
with corruption and the outgoing gov-
ernment and is so using the situation to
expand his authority with a weak gov-
ernment he can control,’’ Mr. Plesl said.
‘‘What is clear is that Mr. Zeman is now
running the country.’’
46%+9)
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BY DAN BILEFSKY
President Milos Zeman of the Czech Re-
public on Tuesday appointed his leftist
economic adviser as prime minister,
openly defying the choice of the outgo-
ing center-right governing coalition,
which is ensnared in a corruption and
bribery scandal.
The nominee, Jiri Rusnok, 52, is a
staunch loyalist who supported Mr. Ze-
man’s presidential campaign. He would
replace Petr Necas, who resigned last
week after a senior aide was charged
with bribery and abuse of office, accused,
among other things, ordering the mili-
tary intelligence service to spy on sever-
al people, includingMr. Necas’s wife.
On June 13, the police arrested eight
people, including Mr. Necas’s chief of
staff, JanaNagyova, and the current and
former heads of military intelligence, in
the most extensive anti-corruption op-
eration since the fall of communism.
Mr. Rusnok served as finance minis-
ter in the Social Democratic govern-
ment from 2001 to 2002 when Mr. Zeman
$/.,6.2167$17,1,',6(8523($135(663+272$*(1&<
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Evangelos Venizelos, leader of the
Socialist party, arriving for a cabinet meeting at Parliament in
Athens on Tuesday. Mr. Venizelos has assumed the dual role of
deputy prime minister and foreign minister, but Finance Min-
ister Yannis Stournaras has kept his post. Prime Minister Ant-
onis Samaras said, ‘‘This government hasn’t a minute to lose.’’
likely to be in November or
JanaMarie Preiss contributed reporting.
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been greatly relaxed in the last six
months.
It would have been difficult in any
case for the Socialists to retain the seat
in the by-election in Villeneuve-sur-Lot,
which became vacant after the resigna-
tion of the disgraced budget minister,
Jérôme Cahuzac, whowas found to have
lied, including to Mr. Hollande and the
Parliament when he denied having un-
declared foreign bank accounts.
Ms. Le Pen, exulting in her party’s
strong showing, herself called Mr. Bar-
roso ‘‘a catastrophe for our country and
our continent’’ and a symptom of ‘‘a
European system gone mad.’’
Even the newspaper Le Monde, in an
editorial, said: ‘‘Mr. Barroso, you are
neither loyal nor respectful!’’
Mr. Barroso, for his part, wanted it
made clear through a spokesman that
he was not criticizing the French gov-
ernment, but those ‘‘in France’’ who
have those views. Of course, a number
of them are indeed in the government,
which helps explain the reaction.
Then he riposted. On Monday, in a
news conference, he said: ‘‘It would be
good if some politicians understood that
they will not get very far by attacking
Europe and trying to turn it into a scape-
goat for their problems.’’ He then
added: ‘‘Some left-wing nationalists
have exactly the same views as the far
right.’’
In a statement, the European Com-
mission said that French politicians
should defend Europe ‘‘against nation-
alism, populism and jingoism’’ instead
of ‘‘attacking globalization.’’
The Paris-Brussels spat continues
and has moved beyond the cultural ex-
ception, of course, reflecting the diffi-
culties of a Socialist government that
finds itself caught in a triple-dip reces-
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BY STEVEN ERLANGER
The French budget deficit is rising,
President FrançoisHollande is at histor-
ic lows in the polls, his divided Socialist
Party has just been battered into third
place by the far-right National Front in a
parliamentary by-election. And the
cause of all these difficulties, if govern-
ment ministers are to be believed, is
Brussels — the European Commission
and its president, JoséManuel Barroso.
Mr. Barroso, a center-right former
Portuguese prime minister (and once a
young Maoist), is highly unlikely to win
a third term as commission president
next year, so perhaps he is feeling more
able to speak his mind, which he did in
an interview 10 days ago before the
Group of 8 summit meeting in Northern
Ireland.
But his criticism of the French left
was hardly original, and was mild by
most standards. Yet he has become a
symbol for the kind of Brussels-bashing
that is feeding both far-left and far-right
politics here and elsewhere in Europe—
less than a year before European parlia-
mentary elections next May that are ex-
pected to return the most euro-skeptic
European Parliament ever.
The squabble began with an inter-
viewMr. Barroso gave to The NewYork
Times. The issue then was whether
France would block the beginning of
talks on a free-trade agreement be-
tween the United States and the Euro-
pean Union over its ‘‘cultural excep-
tion’’ — its effort to promote domestic
film, television and audiovisual produc-
tions through subsidies and quotas.
Mr. Barroso called the French pledge
to block the talks ill-judged and French
criticism of globalization ‘‘reactionary,’’
saying it would harm the goal of cultural
diversity rather than protect it. He said
the perceived threat from the United
States was overblown by those who
‘‘have an anti-global agenda’’ and
added: ‘‘It’s part of this anti-globaliza-
tion agenda that I consider completely
reactionary.’’ He said that Europe could
not be sealed off. ‘‘Some say they belong
to the left, but in fact they are culturally
extremely reactionary.’’
The story generated an immediate
and loud reaction, with everyone from
Mr. Hollande and his culture minister,
Aurélie Filippetti, to the far-right Na-
tional Front leader Marine Le Pen and
the leftist minister Arnaud Montebourg
criticizing Mr. Barroso for his appar-
ently disloyal and shocking views.
The Socialist Party was eliminated by
the National Front in a runoff in a by-
election in southwest France, and after
the seat was narrowly won on Sunday
night by the center-right Union for a
Popular Movement, Mr. Montebourg
said: ‘‘Mr. Barroso is the fuel of the
French National Front, that’s the truth.
He is the fuel of Beppe Grillo,’’ referring
to the leader of the populist Five Star
Movement, which won a quarter of the
vote in Italy’s February election.
Mr. Montebourg, who himself ran for
the presidency on a platformof ‘‘deglob-
alization’’ and is the Frenchminister for
industrial renewal, said: ‘‘The Euro-
pean Union is paralyzed. It does not re-
spond to any of people’s aspirations in
the industrial, economic or budgetary
fields and in the end it provides a cause
to all the anti-European parties.’’
He was particularly critical of rules
mandated by Brussels on budget defi-
cits, its ‘‘austerity’’ policies, which have
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sion, with record unemployment and
rising budget deficits — despite getting
two years’ grace from the same Euro-
pean Commission in order to meet
budget deficit targets. AndMr. Hollande
now faces the delicate task of conduct-
ing a pension overhaul to keep the sys-
tem afloat without sparking national
strikes and worker unrest.
The French Socialist Party has al-
ways been ambivalent about ‘‘Europe,’’
having split badly in 2005 over a referen-
dum on a European constitution, which
failed. Mr. Hollande favored the consti-
tution while the current foreign minis-
ter, Laurent Fabius, was one of the lead-
ers of the opposition.
Mr. Hollande has recently said he
supports a closer political union of the
nations that use the euro, including a
permanent president, a position con-
sidered a shift in traditional French
views. But the more left-wing part of his
party and government are deeply reluc-
tant to give anymore power to Brussels,
especially over the economy and the
labor market.
Pascal Lamy, a Socialist who heads
the World Trade Organization and is
considered a dark horse candidate for
French prime minister, on Tuesday crit-
icized both Mr. Barroso and Mr. Monte-
bourg as holding ‘‘exaggerated’’ and
‘‘simplistic’’ views.
But he saved his real fire for Mr. Mon-
tebourg, using the same R-word as Mr.
Barroso. ‘‘I think the thesis of deglobal-
ization is a reactionary thesis, like all
those theses that call for a return to the
past,’’ Mr. Lamy told Europe 1 radio.
‘‘What matters is not the past but the fu-
ture.’’
Haute Joaillerie collection
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BY ROD NORDLAND
The emir of Qatar went on national tele-
vision Tuesday to publicly confirm that
he was handing over power to his son in
a brief speech that praised the virtues of
youth and assured his subjects that his
successor was ready to rule them.
The 61-year-old emir, Sheik Hamad
bin Khalifa al-Thani, did not specify ex-
actly when his fourth son, Sheik Tamim
bin Hamad al-Thani, 33, would assume
the office, but a Qatari official said the
new emir would make a speech to the
nation on Wednesday, after which he
would choose a new government.
The handover had been the subject of
orchestrated leaks to the Al Jazeera
news network on Monday but not offi-
cially confirmed.
Sheik Hamad’s decision came as
Qatar’s hand — more precisely its
checkbook — can be felt throughout the
Middle East, raising questions about
whether the son will continue Qatar’s
high-profile interventionist policy. In re-
cent days, Qatar has let the Taliban
open an office in Doha and has helped
keep the Syrian rebels armed. And
while it is allied with Washington, it has
also angered the Westby financing rad-
ical Islamist rebels in various arenas.
It is widely expected here that the
current prime minister, Sheik Hamad
bin Jassim al-Thani, will step aside in a
cabinet reshuffle.
‘‘I declare that I will hand over the
reins of power to Sheik Tamim bin Ha-
mad al-Thani, and I am fully certain that
he is up to the responsibility, deserving
the confidence, capable of shouldering
the responsibility and fulfilling the mis-
sion,’’ the emir said.
Sheik Tamim had been made the heir
apparent by a decree of his father after a
constitutional change made that possi-
ble, and his eldest son renounced his
claim to the throne. He is the second son
of the second of the emir’s three wives.
His speech was largely absent of
political content, aside froma statement
of his strongly held pan-Arabist views.
‘‘We believe that the Arab world is one
human body, one coherent structure,
that draws its strength from all its con-
stituent parts.’’
He spoke vaguely about taking on a
new role himself but did not say what
that would be.
Sheik Tamim has little international
profile and has so far concentrated al-
most entirely on domestic issues. At the
Qatari prime minister, Hamad bin
Jassim bin Jaber al-Thani.
The Syrian foreign minister, Walid al-
Moallem, warnedMonday that ‘‘arming
the opposition will obstruct Geneva.
Arming the opposition will kill more of
our people.’’
At their first meeting in Geneva this
month, the U.S. and Russian officials
agreed on a basic formula for a Syria
conference hosted by the United Na-
tions but they did not resolve such basic
questions as who would attend — with
the Americans opposing participation
by Iran — and the thornier question of
what role would be open to Mr. Assad.
Mr. Moallemsought to dispel any idea
that Mr. Assad’s position was open to
debate. The goal of any Genevameeting
would be to form a government of na-
tional unity, he said at a news confer-
ence. ‘‘We head to Geneva not to hand
over power to another side,’’ he added.
The commentswere ‘‘unfortunate but
not surprising,’’ a State Department
spokesman said in Washington. The
United States believes a negotiated set-
tlement in Geneva would stipulate the
full transfer of power to a transitional
authority, he added.
In Syria on Tuesday, the military
pounded rebel bastions in Damascus,
firing mortars and artillery at Zamalka
and Irbin, just east of the government-
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BY NICK CUMMING-BRUCE
Senior U.S., Russian and U.N. officials
resumed talks in Geneva on Tuesday
aimed at convening an international
conference on Syria but with no hint of
flexibility from the parties to the conflict
or their foreign backers.
Wendy R. Sherman, the U.S. under
secretary of state for political affairs,
and two Russian deputy foreign minis-
ters, Mikhail Bogdanov and Gennady
Gatilov, met the U.N. special represen-
tative for Syria, Lakhdar Brahimi, for
the second time in less than a month to
try to agree on a formula for bringing
Syria’s warring parties to negotiations
on a political settlement to end more
than two years of civil war.
Their discussions were to include the
possible timing of a conference, who
would attend, and how to structure a
conference to give it the best chance of
success, Mr. Brahimi said before the
talks started.
The situation in Syria has not im-
proved since they last met in Geneva in
early June with ‘‘relentless destruction,
killing, more suffering, more injustice,’’
Mr. Brahimi said, adding that he was
doubtful it would be possible to hold a
conference on Syria in July.
Secretary of State John Kerry and his
Russian counterpart, Sergey V. Lavrov,
began preliminary talks in May in a bid
to halt the carnage that has claimed
more than 90,000 lives.
The Group of 8 meeting in Northern
Ireland last week underscored the di-
vide between President Barack Obama
and the Russian president, Vladimir V.
Putin, who is President Bashar al-As-
sad’s chief patron.
With Mr. Assad’s forces — backed by
Iran and Lebanon’s militant Shiite fac-
tion, Hezbollah — gaining the upper
hand in Syria, supporters of the rebels in
the Friends of Syria group, including the
United States, agreed over the weekend
on the urgent need to provide themwith
small arms and other supplies.
‘‘Providing arms may be the only
means of achieving peace,’’ said the
(8523($135(663+272$*(1&<
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same time, the prime minister who is to
be replaced, widely known as H.B.J. to
distinguish him from the emir, aggres-
sively pushed Qatar onto every world
stage possible, first as foreign minister
beginning in 1992 and then as both for-
eign and prime minister since 2007.
‘‘I’ve never seen any evidence that
Sheik Tamim has a particular desire to
focus internationally,’’ said David
Roberts, director of the Qatar branch of
the Royal United Services Institute, a
prominent British research center. ‘‘It’s
never been in evidence.’’
In 1995, SheikHamad, then in his early
40s, deposed his own father in a blood-
less coup that began the transformation
of Qatar from a well-heeled backwater
into a fantastically rich modern country.
Since then, the Qataris have wielded
their great wealth to, as the scholar F.
Gregory Gause III of the Brookings In-
stitution put it,
pockets to help shape events from Mo-
rocco to the Philippines. It also won a
controversial bid for the 2022WorldCup;
dragged I.M. Pei out of retirement to
make the Museum of Islamic Art a
world-class institution; and most re-
cently hosted an office for peace talks
with the Taliban that some claim is cost-
ing $100 million. Along the way, Qatari
military aid helped topple an old friend of
the emir’s, Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi of
Libya, and is now taking aim at another
former friend, Bashar al-Assad of Syria.
But as with so much in Qatar, just what
will happen next is opaque in the extreme
—or asMr. Roberts put it, ‘‘The sumtotal
of rumor here isn’t really worth much.’’
For a country that brought the world Al
Jazeera, it is notoriously secretive, with
no real freedom of the press at home.
Many Qataris privately say the abdi-
cation has been whispered about for
months, though no one is clear why. One
theory is health problems. The emir is
known to have had two kidney trans-
plants, and while still active, he has lost
a lot of weight recently.
But the Qatari official, who spoke on
the condition of anonymity because he
was not authorized to talk publicly, said
the emir’s decision to abdicate ‘‘has
nothing to do with his health.’’
‘‘He’s been working on this for the
past three years,’’ the official said,
adding: ‘‘He thinks this is a good time
for the younger generation to take
over.’’
Many Qataris now see international
interventions as a vital part of the coun-
try’s identity — and even an important
protection for it.
‘‘We’re a very small country with tre-
mendous wealth and a small population,
but unfortunately we don’t live in Mr.
Rogers’s neighborhood,’’ said Hassan
al-Ansari, editor in chief of The Qatar
Tribune. ‘‘For us, it’s a very effective
way to have a say in the future of this
neighborhood.’’
0$1'(/1*$1$)3
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held city center, in an assault backed by
air strikes, opposition activists said, ac-
cording to Reuters.
Mostly Sunni Muslim rebels who
grabbed footholds in Damascus nearly
a year ago now say they face a grinding
advance by the army, buoyed by sup-
port from Mr. Assad’s regional Shiite
Muslim allies, notably Iranian-backed
Hezbollah fighters on the ground, Reu-
ters said.
‘‘punch above their
weight.’’
Sheik Hamad’s country has about two
million people, but it has used its deep
Robert F. Worth contributed reporting
fromWashington.
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With almost all votes counted, Al-
bania’s Socialist opposition was on
course for a landslide victory in a par-
liamentary election Tuesday, but there
was no word from Sali Berisha, the de-
feated prime minister .
Mr. Berisha, the country’s dominant
political figure since the end of Stalinist
rule in 1991, has not been seen or heard
in public since Sunday, when Albanians
voted to deny him a third consecutive
term. With votes counted from 86 per-
cent of polling stations, a Socialist-led
alliance headed by a former mayor of
Tirana, Edi Rama, was on track to take
84 of Parliament’s 140 seats. Mr. Ber-
isha’s Democrats were likely to win 56.
A peaceful transition would help re-
vive Albania’s stalled bid to join the
European Union, which has yet to ac-
cept Tirana’s application to join be-
cause of misgivings over its democratic
maturity and deep-rooted corruption.
At 68, defeat for Mr. Berisha could
mean the end of his career.
(REUTERS)
London, October 1-2, 2013
InterContinental Park Lane
A Revolution in Progress
Join us to debate critical issues at the heart of the oil and gas
industry and hear the latest expert perspectives on what really
matters for the international energy sector.
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Key topics to be discussed include:
•
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DLPDWWHUURULVPVXVSHFWV
New exploration and production plays
•
Refining sector transformations
•
The newworld of oil and gas trading
•
Tight oil and shale gas
tions continued. Calls to the chief feder-
al
&)60-2
prosecutor’s
office were
not
immediately returned.
Word of both police actions came dur-
ing ongoing controversy about the so-
called Prism program under which
United States authorities tapped phone
and Internet companies for surveillance
of communications from non-Americans.
The furor over Prism colored a visit
last week to Berlin by President Barack
Obama, who defended the program, not-
ing that American intelligence tips had
helped foil some 50 terrorist actions in
recent years, including some unspecified
activities in Germany. Chancellor An-
gela Merkel of Germany referred specif-
ically to raids in 2007 that led to the jail-
ing of four men for up to 12 years in 2010.
The suspects detained in France were
known for ‘‘their affiliations with ji-
hadism’’ and for posting ‘‘threats’’
against French institutions and ‘‘val-
ues’’ on the Internet, Mr. Valls, the in-
terior minister, said.
French news reports, citing anony-
mous police sources, suggested the sus-
pects may have been involved in efforts
to send jihadist fighters or trainees from
France to other countries. In a series of
raids on Monday in the Paris suburbs,
the police detained six men described by
Mr. Valls as being ‘‘particularly danger-
ous’’ and having the ‘‘intention’’ to carry
out terror attacks in France.
The suspects in that case, described in
media reports as men between the ages
of 22 and 38, were known to police ‘‘for
acts linked to organized crime’’ and
were ‘‘probably’’ involved in a recent
robbery, Mr. Valls said.
Hear how the global energy sector is changing and exactly what
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BY ALISON SMALE
Scores of special police officers raided
at least nine sites inGermany andBelgi-
um on Tuesday after what the German
authorities said was a tip on an alleged
Islamist plot involving two men of
Tunisian origin planning to stage terror-
ist attacks involving explosives and re-
mote-controlled model airplanes.
Separately, the French authorities de-
tained nine people suspected of plotting
acts of terror in France or of ties to ji-
hadist networks, security officials said.
Agents from the domestic intelligence
service detained three people in the
south of France early Tuesday, Interior
Minister Manuel Valls said.
InGermany, the chief federal prosecu-
tor’s office in Karlsruhe said in a state-
ment that the twomen of Tunisian origin
were the target of raids in the area
around Stuttgart in southwest Germany
and at unspecified locations in Belgium.
Other raids around Munich and Stutt-
gart were aimed at four contacts of the
Tunisian-born men who are suspected
of financing terrorist activities, and an-
other person suspected of money laun-
dering, the statement said.
Raids also took place in the eastern
state of Saxony, the statement said.
None of the suspects or their contacts
were identified by name, and nobodywas
detained during the raids in Germany
and Belgium, which the prosecutor’s of-
fice said were intended to garner evi-
dence of plans and preparations for at-
tacks and knowledge of how ‘‘terrorism
motivated by radical Islam’’ is financed.
The statement said that no further de-
tails could be divulged while investiga-
$1.$5$
8YVOMWLTSPMGIEVVIWX
MRGSRXMRYMRKGVEGOHS[R
The Turkish anti-terrorism police de-
tained 20 people in the capital on Tues-
day in connection with weeks of anti-
government demonstrations across the
country, the local news media reported.
Police officers raided about 30 ad-
dresses, targeting people suspected of
being members of an unspecified terror-
ist organization, CNN Turk reported.
PrimeMinister Tayyip Erdogan has said
the demonstrators were manipulated by
‘‘terrorists.’’ The police asserted that
they carried out the raids after identify-
ing people they said had attacked police
officers, businesses and public property,
CNN Turk reported.
The unrest began at the end of May
when the police used force against cam-
paigners who are opposed to plans to
develop a park in central Istanbul. The
protest spiraled into broader demon-
strations against Mr. Erdogan and his
government. There have been daily
protests in Ankara since then.
(REUTERS)
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Polish officials evacuated hundreds of
people on Tuesday from 21 hospitals
and offices in several cities, including
Warsaw, after receiving what turned
out to be false bomb threats, the interi-
or minister said.
(REUTERS)
@oilandmoney
Scott Sayare contributed reporting from
Paris.
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immigrants. Their amendment will also
require a $3.2 billion high-tech border
surveillance plan — including drone air-
craft and long-range thermal imaging
cameras — as well as an electronic em-
ployment verification system and a visa
entry/exit system at all air and sea ports.
All those security measures must be
in place before any undocumented im-
migrant can become a legal permanent
resident and receive a green card.
Any final bill passed by the Senate will
head to theRepublican-controlledHouse,
where it already faces significant opposi-
tion. Speaker John A. Boehner has pub-
licly said that he will not bring any immi-
gration bill up for a vote that does not
have the support of a majority of House
Republicans. That decision pleased the
conservative wing of his caucus but also
raises hurdles for any broad immigration
bill in the House, where many Republi-
cans oppose any pathway to citizenship.
Despite a clamoring for stronger bor-
der security from many Republicans in
the Senate and the House, some leading
Republicans dug in against the plan,
and a majority of Senate Republicans
did not vote to take up the measure.
Senator John Cornyn of Texas, theNo.
2 Republican in the Senate, said that he
could not ‘‘support an amendment
cobbled together at the 11th hour,’’ and
warned, ‘‘The underlying bill puts sym-
bolism over substance and they’re hop-
ing the American people won’t notice.’’
As the procedural vote wound to a
close Monday, the two sides were still
working on a deal that would allow both
Democrats and Republicans to bring up
10 more amendments each to the final
bill —an agreement that was likely to al-
lowSenator RobPortman, Republican of
Ohio, to introduce a provision to further
strengthen the electronic employment
verification system in the bill.
Proponents of the immigration over-
haul were also not entirely pleased with
the Corker-Hoeven plan. A coalition of
groups representing border communi-
ties urged senators to reject the amend-
ment, which they called a ‘‘poorly
thought-out policy.’’
Other advocates worried that in an ef-
fort to garner bipartisan support for the
bill, Democratic senators were making
too many concessions without getting
anything in return. The border plan, for
instance, also includes a provision by
Senator Orrin G. Hatch, Republican of
Utah, that would prevent undocu-
mented immigrants from qualifying for
Social Security benefits, as well as from
receiving federal welfare funds.
;%7,-2+832
3URFHGXUDOYRWHVLJQDOV
SDVVDJHLQ6HQDWHEXW
WURXEOHDZDLWVLQ+RXVH
BY ASHLEY PARKER
The bipartisan push to overhaul U.S. im-
migration laws has taken a major step
forward after the Senate endorsed a
proposal to bolster security along the
nation’s southern borders as part of a
measure that would provide a path to
citizenship for 11 million undocumented
immigrants already in the country.
The 67-to-27 vote on Monday preven-
ted any filibuster of the plan to devote
roughly $40 billion over the next decade
to border enforcement measures, in-
cluding nearly doubling the number of
border agents to 40,000 and completing
700 miles, or 1,126 kilometers, of fencing.
Opponents of the measure questioned
whether the security steps would ever
be taken and said that the legislation
should require that the border be secure
before
undocumented
immigrants
could seek legal status.
But the solid bipartisan support for
the border security proposal by two Re-
publican senators, Bob Corker of Ten-
nessee and John Hoeven of North
Dakota, suggested that advocates of the
overhaul had the votes needed to clear
remaining hurdles and pass the legisla-
tion, which was drafted by a bipartisan
group of senators dubbed the Gang of
Eight, perhaps before lawmakers leave
town for the July Fourth recess.
Senators and aides said that the vote
offered a preliminary glimpse of how
many senators, roughly, would vote for
the bill’s final passage. Several senators
missed the vote because of flight delays,
and Democrats said they could have
landed at least 69 votes had all legisla-
tors been present.
‘‘The bill has been improved dramat-
ically tonight by this vote, there’s no
question,’’ Mr. Corker said. ‘‘Hopefully
there will be other improvements made
with other amendments, and my sense
is we’re going to pass an immigration
bill out of the United States Senate,
which will be no doubt historic.’’
The Corker-Hoeven plan helped bring
on boardmore than a dozen Republicans,
many of whom said they were reluctant
to support any immigration overhaul
that did not secure the southern border
and guard against a future wave of illegal
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responsibility for the attack and saying
the targets were the Ariana Hotel,
which they said was the U.S. Central In-
telligence Agency’s base in Kabul, and
the presidential palace.
The attack came just days after the
Taliban opened an office in Doha, Qatar,
ostensibly for starting negotiations
about a peace process. It raised new
questions about divisions within the
Taliban and whether there was any
broad commitment to peace.
At least five people were killed in the
assault. For the first half-hour of the at-
tack, which began at about 6:30 a.m.,
gunfire could be heard across the Green
Zone diplomatic area of Kabul, the loca-
tion of the presidential palace and the
headquarters of the International Secu-
rity Assistance Force.
It was unclear exactly how far the at-
tackers had penetrated into the Green
Zone, but the gunfire and explosions
could be heard throughout the area.
‘‘Three suicide bombers were driving
a land cruiser packed with explosives
with a fake vehicle pass and they
wanted to enter the presidential palace
area, but they were stopped at the
gate,’’ the police chief, Gen. Ayoub
Salangi, said in a brief telephone call.
‘‘We don’t know their main target.’’
Once the guards realized that the pass
was fake, the suicide bombers got out of
the explosives-laden car. One of bombers
detonated the explosives, killing one of
the attackers. The others engaged in a
firefight with the guards, General
Salangi said. However, members of the
Afghan security forces who asked not to
be identified said two vehicles passed
through a heavily guarded gate used
only by ministerial-level officials.
A government official told Reuters
that three or four other attackers were
killed by security forces and at least two
Afghan security guards were killed in
the fighting.
The U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan,
James B. Cunningham, assailed the vio-
lence and urged the Taliban to return to
the peace process in Doha.
‘‘We remain steadfast in supporting
the Afghan government and people
against the scourge of terrorismand the
violence directed against
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BY ALISSA J. RUBIN
At least four suicide bombers launched a
daring and sophisticated attack on the
heart of the Afghan government early
Tuesdaymorning, using at least two land
cruisers similar to those used by interna-
tional soldiers here, fake badges and ve-
hicle passes that allowed at least one to
get inside the heavily guarded area, ac-
cording to Kabul’s deputy police chief.
The Taliban sent a statement taking
them,’’ he
said.
Sharifullah Sahak, Sangar Rahimi and
Habib Zahori contributed reporting.
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formula in Section 4 of the Voting Rights
Act was unconstitutional. The section
determines which states must receive
preclearance from the Justice Depart-
ment of a federal court in Washington
before they change voting procedures.
The current coverage directive, Chief
Justice Roberts wrote, is ‘‘based on 40-
year-old facts having no relationship to
the present day.’’
‘‘Congress—if it is to divide the states
—must identify those jurisdictions to be
singled out on a basis that makes sense
in light of current conditions,’’ he wrote.
‘‘It cannot simply rely on the past.’’
The decision did not strike down Sec-
tion 5, which sets out the preclearance
requirement itself. But without Section
4, which determines which states are
covered, Section 5 is without signifi-
cance — unless Congress chooses to
pass a new bill for determining which
states would be covered.
It was hardly clear, in any event, that
the court’s conservative majority would
uphold Section 5 if the question returns to
the court. In a concurrence, Justice
Thomas called for striking down Section
5 immediately, saying the majority opin-
ion had provided the reasons and merely
left ‘‘the inevitable conclusion unstated.’’
Critics of Section 5 say it is a unique
federal intrusion on state sovereignty
and a badge of shame for the affected ju-
risdictions that is no longer justified.
They point to high voter registration
rates among blacks as proof.
Civil rights leaders, on the other hand,
say the law played an important role in
the 2012 election, with courts relying on
it to block voter identification require-
ments and cutbacks on early voting.
Section 5 was originally set to expire
after five years. Congress repeatedly
extended it: for five years in 1970, seven
years in 1975, and 25 years in 1982. Con-
gress renewed the act in 2006 after hold-
ing extensive hearings on the persist-
ence of racial discrimination at the polls,
again extending the preclearance re-
quirement for 25 years.
The chief justice recalled the Free-
dom Summer of 1964, when three civil
rights workers were murdered near
Philadelphia, Mississippi, while work-
ing to register black voters. He men-
tioned Bloody Sunday in 1965, when po-
lice beat marchers seeking the right to
vote in Selma, Alabama.
‘‘Today,’’ Chief Justice Roberts wrote,
‘‘both of those towns are governed by
African-American mayors. Problems
remain in these states and others, but
there is no denying that, due to the Vot-
ing Rights Act, our nation has made
great strides.’’
&2857)5203$*(
He wrote that in 1965 the ‘‘strong
medicine’’ of the Voting Rights Act was
the right response to ‘‘entrenched racial
discrimination.’’ Black voter turnout in
the South was then very low and stood
at 6.4 percent inMississippi.
In the most recent election, by con-
trast, ‘‘African-American voter turnout
has come to exceed white voter turnout
in five of the six states originally
covered by Section 5.’’
Civil rights leaders expressed deep
concern about the ruling, often in emo-
tional language.
Representative John R. Lewis, Demo-
crat of Georgia and one of the country’s
most prominent surviving veterans of
the civil rights struggle of the last centu-
ry, told ABC that the decision left him
‘‘sad and dismayed.’’
‘‘What the Supreme Court did was to
put a dagger in the heart of the Voting
Rights Act,’’ Mr. Lewis said.
But some conservative legislators
said the court was simply acknowledg-
ing that the act had been so effective
that it was no longer needed.
Senator Charles Grassley, an Iowa
Republican, said that the law had
achieved its original goals. ‘‘What it
tells me is after 45 years, the Voting
Rights Act worked, and that’s the best I
can say,’’ he said.
The decision will have immediate
practical consequences. Changes in vot-
ing procedures that had required ad-
vance federal approval, including voter
identification laws and restrictions on
early voting, will now be subject to only
after-the-fact litigation.
‘‘With today’s decision,’’ Texas’s attor-
ney general, Greg Abbott said, ‘‘the
state’s voter ID lawwill take effect imme-
diately. Redistrictingmaps passed by the
Legislature may also take effect without
approval from the federal government.’’
Chief Justice Roberts said that Con-
gress remained free to try to impose
federal oversight on states where vot-
ing rights were at risk, but it must do so
based on contemporary data. When the
law was last renewed, in 2006, Congress
relied on data from decades before to
decide which states and localities were
covered. The chances that the current
Congress could reach agreement on
where federal oversight is required are
small, most analysts say.
Justices Antonin Scalia, Anthony M.
Kennedy, Clarence Thomas and Samuel
A. Alito Jr. joined the majority opinion.
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg dissented,
joined by Justices Stephen G. Breyer,
Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan.
The majority held that the coverage
+%9',%6-2(-%
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
BY JOHN SCHWARTZ
AND RICHARD PÉREZ-PEÑA
The Supreme Court’s decision to send a
thorny affirmative action case back to
the lower courts for additional review
has left both sides claiming victory.
Civil rights groups that favor race-
conscious admissions cheered the rul-
ing on Monday, arguing that the court
had upheld its 2003 decision inGrutter v.
Bollinger. That decision supported the
principle that states have a compelling
interest in achieving student diversity
but required that any plan to include
race as a factor in admissions should be
subjected to strong scrutiny.
‘‘We’re gratified that the court has es-
sentially upheld that framework,’’ said
Sherrilyn Ifill, president of the NAACP
Legal Defense and Educational Fund.
Edward Blum, the man who has been
the driving force behind the challenge to
the University of Texas, Austin, ruled on
by the court, scoffed at the claims of a
victory from groups that support af-
firmative action.
‘‘If they are excited about this ruling,’’
he said, ‘‘I think it’s gravely misplaced.’’
The decision, Mr. Blum said, ‘‘begins
the restoration of the original colorblind
principles to our nation’s civil rights
laws’’ and will both hasten the end of ra-
cial preferences in schools across the na-
tion and unleash a flood of lawsuits. Un-
der the justices’ requirement that racial
distinctions in admissions be subjected
to a tough constitutional test, he said, ‘‘it
is very unlikely that most institutions
will be able to overcome these hurdles.’’
Experts without a strong stake in the
case said that neither side should feel
fully triumphant, and that the issue was
far from resolved.
‘‘For supporters of affirmative action,
I’d put it in the category of disaster
averted rather than victory achieved,’’
saidDavid A. Strauss, a lawprofessor at
the University of Chicago.
He said a trial, potentially followed by
another round of appeals, could mean
the case will remain in the spotlight for
years.
‘‘It looks like the case has to turn on
the specific facts,’’ he said. ‘‘The court
really wants the lower courts to get
deep into it, and that suggests a trial.’’
Major state universities reacted cau-
tiously, with most either declining to
comment or saying they were still try-
ing to make sense of the ruling. Admin-
An Indian Air Force helicopter returning
from a rescue mission in the flood-rav-
aged north of India hit the side of amoun-
tain and crashed into a river on Tuesday,
killing eight people, officials said.
Bad weather has hampered rescue ef-
forts in Uttarakhand State, where thou-
sands of people remain stranded in re-
mote areas because of landslides and
floods caused by torrential monsoon
rains. Other air force helicopters were
unable to take off because of poor visib-
ility, Group Capt. SandeepMehta said.
The air force ordered an inquiry into
the crash, which happened in the temple
town of Kedarnath, said Priya Joshi, an
air force spokeswoman. Five crew
members and three civilians were on
board the helicopter, she said. Ms. Joshi
said 45 aircraft were involved in rescue
and relief operations in Uttarakhand.
Air Chief Marshal N.A.K. Browne, as-
sured flood survivors on Monday that
the air force would rescue everyone
stranded in Uttarakhand, but bad
weather and poor visibility have led to
the frequent suspension of evacuation
flights.
The Indian home minister, Sushilku-
mar Shinde, saidMonday that the death
toll in the Uttarakhand floods would ex-
ceed 1,000.
On Tuesday, the authorities prepared
to cremate the bodies of hundreds of
people who perished in the floods.
Truckloads of logs were loaded on trans-
port planes and flown to Kedarnath to
be used in amass funeral and cremation
for the flood victims.
In the town of Gauchar, the center of
the rescue and relief operations, the au-
thorities made arrangements to send
about a dozen Hindu priests to Ke-
darnath. At least 600 bodies were found
buried in silt in and around the Ke-
darnath temple, one of Hinduism’s most
revered pilgrim sites.
Health experts say there are dangers
of outbreaks of disease unless the bod-
ies are cremated. Medical teams are
taking DNA samples and photographs
of the unidentified bodies before they
are cremated.
Troops are trying to rescue about
5,000 people who remain stranded in the
town of Badrinath eight days after the
torrential rains began.
The army has rescued about 90,000
people from hundreds of villages and
towns hit by the floods.
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istrators said that the decision would
have no effect for now, but that the case
— and the issue —was not dead.
‘‘Prior to this particular ruling, every
university in the country was already
thinking about all of the alternatives,
depending on the outcome of the case,
and about how to prove whether a
policy is working,’’ said Joanne E. Berg,
vice provost for enrollment at the Uni-
versity of Wisconsin, Madison. ‘‘I don’t
think that should change, and I don’t
think it will.’’
How much has actually changed with
Monday’s decision is questionable, said
Erwin Chemerinsky, founding dean of
survive, saidVinayHarpalani, a visiting
assistant professor of law at the Chica-
go-Kent College of Law at the Illinois In-
stitute of Technology. Because previous
votes at the Court of Appeals were close,
he noted, the tougher review could lead
the district court or the 5th Circuit to
strike down the Texas policy.
Eight states have already banned
consideration of race in admissions to
their public colleges: Arizona, Califor-
nia, Florida, Michigan, NewHampshire,
Nebraska, Oklahoma and Washington,
although Michigan’s law has been sus-
pended by a court ruling and will be
weighed by the Supreme Court later
this year.
Meanwhile, Abigail Fisher, the young
woman who sued the University of
Texas, said, ‘‘I’m just very honored and
grateful to have participated in this.’’
With a diffident smile, she spoke at the
American Enterprise Institute in Wash-
ington, alongside Blum and her par-
ents.
‘‘I amvery confident UTwon’t be able
to use race as a factor in admissions in
the future,’’ she said.
The lesson Ms. Fisher learned from
the experience of taking a case all the
way to the Supreme Court?
‘‘Stick by your ideals, even if it means
some personal sacrifice,’’ she said.
William Powers Jr., the president of
the University of Texas, Austin, said
that the university would continue to
defend its policy, because a diverse stu-
dent body ‘‘prepares young people for
life in an increasingly global society.’’
The ruling, he said, ‘‘has no impact on
admissions decisions we have already
made or any immediate impact on our
holistic admissions policy.’’
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the law school at the University of Cali-
fornia, Irvine. While the tone of the opin-
ion in the Fisher v. University of Texas
case written by Justice Anthony M.
Kennedy is tougher than that of Justice
Sandra Day O’Connor’s opinion in the
2003 Grutter case, ‘‘in terms of the law it
always has been established that strict
scrutiny requires proof that no less dis-
criminatory alternative can suffice,’’ he
said.
So while Mr. Chemerinsky expects to
see more litigation against state univer-
sities, ‘‘I don’t think it will be a
‘floodgates’ because this case changed
so little, and the real issue will be what
happens on remand and when it gets
back to the Supreme Court.’’
The Texas plan, however, may not
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