Industrial Wood Coatings - Theory and Practice 2009 (Malestrom), woodworking
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
Elsevier
Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK
First edition 2009
#
Copyright 2009 Franco Bulian and Jon A. Graystone. Published by Elsevier B.V.
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher
Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights
Department in Oxford, UK: phone (
44) (0) 1865 853333;
e-mail:
Alternatively you can submit your request online
by visiting the Elsevier web site at
and
selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material
44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (
þ
þ
Notice
No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to
persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or
from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas
contained in thematerial herein. Because of rapid advances in themedical sciences,
in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be
made
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN: 9780444528407
For information on all Elsevier publications
visit our web site at
Printed and bound in Hungary
0910111210987654321
PREFACE
This book addresses the factors responsible for the appearance and per-
formance of wood coatings in both domestic and industrial situations.
The term ‘wood coatings’ covers a broad range of products including
stains, clearcoats, topcoats and supporting ancillary products that may be
used indoors or outdoors. Major market sectors for wood coatings include
furniture, joinery and flooring.
Techniques for coating wood go back many centuries but in recent
decades there has been a move towards more environmental-friendly
materials, for example, the use of water-borne rather than solvent-borne
binders. Alongside this has been a growing awareness of ‘sustainability’
to moderate the environmental impacts of economic growth. As a renew-
able resource, wood has a special attraction as a material substrate which
should be complemented by any necessary coatings.
A major objective of ‘wood coatings’ is to explain the underlying
factors that influence selection and development of coatings within the
constraints of the major wood market sectors. This requires integrating
the appearance and performance needs within an operational framework.
Basic information on the chemistry and technology of coatings is included
for the benefit of students and laboratory technicians. Additionally, the
book includes individual chapters of interest to architects, specifiers and
industrial users.
Jon Graystone is a Principal Research Scientist at PRA (part of PERA
Innovation) with 50 years experience in the Coatings Industry including
37 years with ICI Paints (now Akzo Nobel). He has broad experience in
Research and Development. His current interests include service life
prediction and formulation techniques. He is involved with many of
PRA’s technical training courses including Paint Technology and Formu-
lation. He has been an active member of TC139/WG2 (Exterior Wood
Coatings) since the inception of the committee in 1989 (email:
.
Franco Bulian is the Vice-Director and Head of the Chemical Depart-
ment of CATAS, the biggest Italian research institute in the wood and
furniture sector. He has acquired a broad experience in wood coatings
achieved also by the several research projects he took part in. He is the
coordinator of the Italian standardisation committee on wood coatings
(UNICHIM) and member of TC139/WG2 (Exterior Wood Coatings).
Since 2007 he is a professor at the University of Trieste (email:
.
xv
1
CHAPTER
Markets for Wood and
Wood Coatings
Contents
1.
Prologue
1
2. Markets for Wood and Wood Coatings
2
2.1. Consumption of timber
2
2.2. End-use sectors – Coated wood
4
2.3. Joinery and windows
4
2.4. Furniture
5
2.5. Industrial wood coatings
6
2.6. Parquet and wood flooring
7
2.7. Major players in industrial wood coatings
7
2.8. The decorative ‘woodcare’ market
8
2.9. Technology breakdown
8
2.10. Environmental legislation
10
References
14
1. PROLOGUE
The total global coatings market volume is estimated at 26.5 billion litres
worth in the region of 55 billion Euro
[1]
with many different types of
product. Why does a user choose a particular type of coating system?
There are many answers to this question including economic, environ-
mental and operational ones. However, an important overarching factor
is the nature of the
substrate
to be coated. Coatings for metal, masonry and
plastic would be expected to have some very different requirements, but
also perhaps some properties in common.
Wood
, and its derived products,
represents another distinct substrate category with many properties that
will influence the ideal choice of coating. Wood differs from the other
generic substrate categories, in that it is derived from a living organism,
Wood Coatings: Theory and Practice
#
2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52840-7.00001-1
1
2
Wood Coatings: Theory and Practice
namely a ‘tree’. Not only is it a sustainable resource but also wood has an
inherent beauty, which is even imitated in some synthetic materials. One
consequence of the aesthetic appeal of wood is the high proportion of
transparent finishes and semi-transparent finishes that are found in the
marketplace that are designed to enhance the colour and grain of wood.
The fact that wood coatings range from low-build penetrating stains to
high-build opaque paint systems raises another interesting question.
What is it that they have in common? Surprisingly, the answer is very
little! Wood coatings can only be assessed in the context of a specific user-
driven need, covering both appearance and operational factors. Different
solutions to the problems raised may present themselves, and many types
of technology will be applicable albeit with a different balance of proper-
ties. End uses for wood coatings range from the domestic ‘decorative’
market to industrial applications. The versatility of wood finds use in
buildings inside and out, in flooring and in furniture. In addition to the
many species of tree that provide wood, there is substantial use of various
‘composite’ forms such as plywood and fibreboard.
In preparing this book, the authors have tried to cover a wide range of
interests ranging from students and formulators, to architects, specifiers
and manufacturers. Accordingly, most chapters can be treated as mod-
ules and do not need to be read in a particular sequence. An overview of
the structure of the book is shown schematically in
Fig. 1
.
2. MARKETS FOR WOOD AND WOOD COATINGS
2.1. Consumption of timber
The world’s forests produce large amounts of timber, a valuable and
renewable natural resource. For centuries, the pressure on this resource
has resulted in a diminution of the great natural forests and an increase in
plantation trees. The latter now surpass supplies from natural forests with
most resources in the Southern Hemisphere. Bio-engineering has resulted
in faster growing species which may be available for sawing in as little as
15 years. Timber grown for pulp and conversion to board products may
be grown in even shorter periods. Timber thus remains an important
strategic resource and has in recent years attracted interest from the
perspective of the carbon content in relation to climate change. This is a
complex issue, trees can certainly immobilise carbon, but this may be
released later as carbon dioxide during decay processes. It is also signifi-
cant that around 50% of timber is still used as fuel!
There are many species of trees with many important botanical differ-
ences that are described later. A broad distinction may be made between
hardwoods and softwoods. Production of hardwoods to softwoods is in
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]