International Herald Tribune 20130508, International New York Times
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The harsh tactics of the military have
dampened militant attacks in the insur-
gent heartland, but at huge cost and
with likely repercussions, officials and
advocates contend.
No one doubts that Boko Haram,
which has claimed responsibilityfor as-
sassinations and bombings that kill offi-
cials and civilians alike, is thoroughly
enmeshed in the local populace. That
makes the job of extricating them diffi-
cult and murky,at best. But as with oth-
er abuses, the bodies piling up at the
morgue, whereit is often impossible to
distinguish combatants from the inno-
cent, has turnedmany residents against
themilitary and driven some toward the
insurgency, officials say.
Even the governor of Borno State,
who acknowledges he must tread a
careful line to avoid offending the Nige-
rian military, expressed disquiet at the
tactics.
‘‘A lot of livesare lost on a daily basis
due to the inhumane conditions’’ at the
barracks, known as Giwa, said Gov-
ernor Kashim Shettima. ‘‘They do de-
posit bodies on a daily basis.’’
Moreover, the bodies arrive even
when there have been no bombings, sec-
tarian clashes or battles between the
military and the insurgents. That makes
it unlikely that the dead were simply
killed in combat, terrorist attacks or oth-
er circumstances.
‘‘Mostly they bring the corpses from
Giwa barracks, the J.T.F. ,’ ’ one hospital
worker said. Most of the young men
died ‘‘from beating, bullets, maltreat-
ment,’’ he added. ‘‘Youcan hardly see a
corpse here fromsickness. Sometimes it
is up to 120 corpses they bring.’’
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BY ADAMNOSSITER
A fresh load of battered corpses arrived,
29 of them in aroutine delivery by the
Nigerian military to the hospital mortu-
ary here.
Unexpectedly, three got up.
‘‘They were not properly shot,’’ a se-
curityofficial here recalled. ‘‘I had to
call the J.T.F.’’ — themilitary’s joint task
force — ‘‘and they gunned them down.’’
It seemed arare oversight. Large
numbers of bodies, sometimes more
than 60 in aday,are being takenbythe
Nigerian military to the state hospital,
according to local government and se-
curity officials, hospital workers, health
officials and human rights groups—the
product of the military’s brutal war
against radical Islamists rooted in this
northern city.
The corpses were once youngmen ar-
rested in neighborhood sweeps by the
military and taken to a barracks nearby.
Accused, often on flimsy or no evidence,
of beingmembers or supporters of Boko
Haram —the Islamist militant group
waging abloody insurgencyagainst the
Nigerian state —the detainees are
beaten, starved, shot and even suffocat-
ed to death, sayofficials, hospital em-
ployees, rights advocates and survi-
vors.
Then soldiers bring the bodies to the
hospital and dump them at the mortu-
ary,officials and workerssay.The flood
tide is so consistent that the small mor-
tuary building at the edge of the hospital
grounds often has no room, with
corpses flung by themilitary in the sand
around it. Residents say they some-
times have to flee the neighborhood be-
cause of the smell of rotting flesh.
From the outset of the battle between
BokoHaram and the military —adirty
waron both sides that has cost nearly
4,000 livessince erupting in this north-
ern cityin 2009 —securityforces have
been accused of extrajudicial execu-
tions and broad, often indiscriminate,
roundups of suspects and sympathizers
in residential areas.
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ABrazilianArmyinstructorhelpingaFrench soldier prepare for a helicopter jump. To bolster its influence, Brazil has opened a camp in the Amazon to
train elite soldiers from all overtheworld in jungle warfare. Thetrialsforparticipantsincludesleepdeprivation and swimming in piranha-infested waters.
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to apolice dispatcher on Mondayended
their ordeal behind the locked doors of a
simpleMidwestern home, where appar-
ently they had been imprisoned by
three brothers.
‘‘I’m Amanda Berry, I’ve been on the
news for the last 10 years,’’ one of the
women told the dispatcher in Cleveland,
Ohio. She said she had been kidnapped
and pleaded for the police to come be-
fore the man who was holding her cap-
tive returned. The call was released by
the authorities to local news media.
Aneighbor,Charles Ramsey,told lo-
cal television reporters that a woman’s
screams drew him to a house on his
block. ‘‘This girl is kicking the door and
screaming,’ ’ he said. ‘‘I said, ‘Can I
help? What’s going on?’ And she said,
‘I’ve been kidnapped, and I’ve been in
this house along time. And Iwant to
leave right now.’’’
Mr. Ramsey said he and his neighbors
broke through the door and Ms.Berry
came out with alittle girl, 6, who is pre-
sumed to be her daughter. He said the
police then went in. And there they
found the two other missing women —
Gina DeJesus andMichelle Knight.
On Tuesday, the police arrested three
brothers —the owner of the house, Ariel
Castro, 52; Pedro, 54; and Oneil, 50 —
and said they stillhad to fully interview
the women to get a complete picture of
why and how theywere kept in the house
so long.But Chief Michael McGrath, of
the Cleveland Division of Police, said it
wasbecauseofMs.Berry’s ‘‘braveac-
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BY CHRISTINE HAUSER
The three young women disappeared
separately without atrace about ade-
cade ago. Twowerejust teenagers. One
was 20. Friends and family feared they
were gone forever. But a panicked call
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BY KEITH BRADSHER
The state-controlled Bank of China said
Tuesday that it had halted all dealings
with a keyNorth Korean bank in what
appeared to be the strongest public
Chinese response yetto North Korea’s
willingness to brush aside warnings
from China and other countries and
push aheadwith its nuclear and ballistic
missile programs.
Chinese analysts said that the Bank of
China’s move against the Foreign Trade
Bank of NorthKorea carried clear diplo-
matic significance at a time when the
Obama administration has been urging
China, the North’s closest ally, to limit
its longtime support.
The move came on the same day that
President Park Geun-hye of South Ko-
rea met with President Barack Obama
at the White House. Both leadersem-
phasized what they said was their com-
plete solidarity in the face of a series of
provocations from the North.
‘‘ThedayswhenNorth Koreacould
create acrisis and elicit concessions,
those days areover,’’ Mr.Obama said in
France. He willcompete in his first
Battle of theNations, amodern-day, me-
dieval-likecombat involving national
teams of fighters. ‘‘Everybody thinks
I’m alittle crazy,’ ’ Ivey said, without re-
futing the perception.
Ivey,34, is among an estimated 500
participants from 22 countries entered
in the four-day event.
Full-contact armored fighting events
grewout of participation in historical re-
enactments, which are largely theatric-
al and tame. More common re-enact-
ment fighting involves wooden
weapons in the United States. The
Battle of the Nations, in its fourth year,
is the first nternational
%80%28%
BY MIKE TIERNEY
Inside Craig Ivey’s travel bag are ob-
jects reminiscent of the Middle Ages.
He has asteel, rounded shield; afive-
sided, wooden shield; ared, white and
blue surcoat; a protective vest; a wrap-
around helmet, pockmarked with
dents; steel pads to hide his forearms,
knees, legs and hands; and a blunt-
edged sworddesigned to inflict pain but
not cut. His collection cost about $4,000.
Ivey, a fitness trainer in Atlanta, will
use all 60 pounds, or 27 kilograms, of the
equipment on Thursdayat an outdoor
arena in Aigues-Mortes, in the south of
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The United States’ understanding of
North Korea’s leadership and weapons
systems has gotten worse.
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Germany’s stock market has a high, its
unemployment rate is low and more
than a million people movedtherelast
year. And now, the narrative dominance
is playing out in another crucial arena:
the soccer field, traditionally viewed as
aRorschachtestforthehealthand
confidence of nations.
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Despite years of differences on how to
approach the terrorist threat, Obama
administration officials say that the
U.S. authorities investigating the
BostonMarathon bombings are
working effectively with their Russian
counterparts.
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TheObamaadministrationhas
explicitly accused the Chinese military
of mounting attacks on U.S. government
computer systems and defense
contractors, saying one motive could be
to map ‘‘military capabilities that could
be exploited during a crisis.’’
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The European Union’s halting effort to
create a more unified banking system
has received a fresh impetus. The
German finance minister and the head
of the euro zone’s group of finance
ministers both gave a push to efforts to
overhaul governance of the region’s
banks, easing concerns that the bloc
has failed to act swiftly enough to avoid
crises that could sink the euro.
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RepresentativesofTheWorld Trade
Organization’s159memberstateshave
selected Roberto Carvalho de Azevêdo
of Brazil, a career diplomat, to be its next
leader, an official said. His challenges
include the stalled Doha talks.
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Subscriptions will include children’s
programming, entertainment and
music, with monthly fees at $1.99 or
more. But the bulk of YouTube’s
revenue will still come from
advertising.
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Japan’s shift away from nuclear energy
will occur—with or without the
politicians. But they have the power to
greatly hasten or hinder it, Nassrine
Azimi writes.
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Americans refer incessantly to the
‘‘religious right,’’ but there are many
Christian moderates and liberals whose
voices should be heard. God doesn’t
wear tidy political labels.
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Every year, Egyptians mark the
arrival of spring by flocking to the rare
patches of green in Cairo to celebrate a
holiday believed to be passed down
from the pharaohs. Sham el-Nessim,
the holiday’s name, means literally
‘‘smelling the breeze.’’ The holiday dish
is a salted, aged fish called feseekh that
smells more like garbage than food.
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Google’s highly anticipated wearable
computer glasses will not go on sale for
many months, but resistance is under
way. ‘‘This is just the beginning,’ ’ aLos
Angeles lawyer said. ‘‘Google Glass is
going to cause quite a brawl.’’
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CURRENCIES
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better regulation, better training and
proper redress if things go wrong. It
proposes that dermal fillers, for ex-
ample, should be available only with a
medical prescription, pointing out that
currently, ‘‘anyone can set themselves
up as a practitioner, with no require-
ment for knowledge, training or previ-
ous experience.’’
Daniel Poulter, the health minister,
said the government would review Dr.
Keogh’s recommendations overthe
summer, noting that the report had
shown that there was‘‘asignificantrisk
of people falling into the hands of cow-
boy firms or individuals whose only aim
is to make a quick profit. These people
simply don’t care about the welfare of
the people they are taking money from.’’
‘‘It is clear that it is time for the gov-
ernment to step in to ensure the public
are properly protected,’’ he said.
Thespeedwithwhichattitudesto-
ward cosmetic interventions are chan-
ging washighlightedinthereport,
which pointed to the ‘‘normalizing’’ ef-
fect of popular reality television pro-
grams (notably a series called ‘‘The
Only Way Is Essex,’’ which follows the
livesofahandfulofbeautifully
groomed, enthusiastic early adopters of
all cosmetic treatments from the county
of Essex) ‘‘in which its young stars
glamorize cosmetic procedures’’ and
‘‘give afalseimpressionofthetransfor-
mative powers of cosmetic surgery.’ ’
The review reveals unexpected an-
omalies in the industry. Breast im-
plants are classified as ‘‘medical
devices’’ and must carry a C.E. (Con-
formité Européenne) label —but other
kinds of cosmetic implants, such as calf
or buttock implants, do not fall under
the E.U. medical device regulations as
they are not considered to have a med-
ical purpose and consequently do not
require a C.E. label before being sold.
Products like toys, makeup and elec-
trical equipment are subject to more
stringent safety requirements. The re-
view concludes that there should be a
more consistent regulatory approach
to ensure the safety of all products that
are inserted into the human body.
The advertising and promotion of
cosmetic surgery is also set to be better
regulated, primarily to outlaw clearly
altered before-and-after images and to
ban controversial buy-one-get-one-free
deals on cosmetic treatments.
Peter Walsh, chief executive of the
charity Action Against Medical Acci-
dents, which supports patients who
have received damaging treatments,
has been calling for regulation.
‘‘The industry preys on the vulner-
ability of people who might be per-
suaded to have cosmetic treatment —
people with low self-esteem. They use
inappropriate advertising to prey on
those feelings,’’ he said. ‘‘If you under-
take any treatment that has the poten-
tial to cause harm, it shouldn’t be
treated like buying a holiday or some
clothes. There has been a trivialization
of what is a serious decision.’’
Concern over the rapid normaliza-
tion of invasive beauty treatments con-
tinues, and in this context the move to-
ward more serious regulation is not an
obvious source of feminist triumph. But
regulation will mean greater safety for
women and should be celebrated.
Amelia Gentleman is a journalist with
The Guardian. Katrin Bennhold is on
sabbatical leave.
%QIPME
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032(32
Someone in Britain having a
nonsurgical cosmetic intervention has
no more protection than someone buy-
ing a toothbrush. Most dermal fillers
(the injections used to fill in wrinkles
and plump up the skin) have no more
controls than a bottle of floor cleaner.
These startling revelations come in a
review of that booming industry (which
the government said reached £2.3 bil-
lion, or $3.6 billion, in 2010) published
last month by the medical director of
the British health service, calling for
tighter controls on treatments. Finally
in Britain there is belated recognition
that the cosmetic intervention industry
should be better regulated.
Although there is widespread aware-
ness that this sector has the potential
to trigger a crisis as serious as the 2012
PIP breast implant scandal, when it
emerged that as many as 47,000 British
women might have been given faulty
implants, very little has been done
about it until now.
The lack of regulation has made cam-
paigners suspect that there may have
been an unspoken conviction among of-
ficials that if things go wrong, con-
sumers, almost all of whom are women,
simply have themselves to blame —es-
sentially that the medical complica-
tions of botched cosmetic treatments
are just the trivial problems of vain and
silly women.
Although surgical procedures
conducted in a clinical setting are rela-
tively well-regulated here, treatments
like botox, dermal fillers, laser hair re-
moval and skin peeling are not. For
years the general approach has been
one of ‘‘caveat emptor’’ — broadly that
if people are vain enough to undergo
these procedures, then it is their own
fault if problems develop (and while
most botox and filler treatments are
straightforward, complications can in-
clude blindness and necrosis of the
skin).
Recently, that approach has been
challenged—partly the result of the
rapid growth of the procedures, and
partly because the laissez-faire attitude
has begun to feel rather sexist. If, for
example, a 55-year-old man bought a
fast sports car, no one would suggest
that it didn’t need to be safe because it
wassimplyavanity purchase. The
beauty industry, by contrast, has been
dismissed as inconsequential and frivo-
lous, and not worthy of serious scrutiny.
The PIP scandal revealed how seri-
ously things could go awry and has
pushed the government toward tight-
ening control over that sector. The re-
port by Sir Bruce Keogh recommends
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CIGS originated in 1964 after a Brazili-
an officer, who attended a similar course
once operated by the U.S. Army in
Panama, sought to create an instruction
center tailored to the conditions of the
Brazilian rain forest.
Some of the innovations here include
replacing mules and horses with Asian
water buffaloes, which were introduced
decades ago to the Amazon River basin
and have adapted well to the rain forest,
and providing soldiers who complete
the course with a combat knife de-
veloped for the center.
Training a military force that will al-
low Brazil to assert its sovereignty over
the Amazon region, about 60 percent of
which is in Brazil and which is urbaniz-
ing at a rapid pace, remains the center’s
top priority. The program focuses on the
challenges posed by cocaine trafficking,
illegal deforestation, the unauthorized
mining of gold and diamonds, and the
threat of incursions by guerrillas from
Colombia briefly seeking a haven.
More broadly, the Jungle WarfareIn-
struction Center also supports Brazil’s
efforts to raise itsmilitary profile by tak-
ing a more active role in U.N. missions,
like the one inHaiti and the U.N. Interim
Force in Lebanon, while also reposition-
ing the armed forces after a long stretch
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BY SIMON ROMERO
Maj. José Maria Ferreirasmiled as he
listed the threats to human survival in
the canopied jungle enveloping this re-
mote military outpost in the Brazilian
Amazon.
He started with the piranhas, which
lurk in rivers,and the pit vipers likethe
feared bushmaster, the Western Hemi-
sphere’s longest venomous snake. Then
he movedontothesilentcreatures,in-
cluding the formiga-cabo-verde, called
the bullet ant in English and found in
colonies at the base of trees. Its sting, ac-
cording to victims, hurts about as much
as being shot and lasts for 24 hours.
Widening his grin, Major Ferreira then
described leishmaniasis, the flesh-eating
disease caused by sand-fly bites, the
mosquito-borne fevers likemalaria and
dengue and, finally, rhabdomyolysis, a
condition brought on by extremely
strenuous exercise. It leads to kidney
damage and the breakdown of skeletal
muscle tissue; victims canidentifyitson-
set when their urine turns dark brown.
‘‘We get concerned when that hap-
pens,’’ said Major Ferreira, 42, the
spokesman for Brazil’s Jungle Warfare
Instruction Center, which ranks among
the most demanding institutions of its
kind in the tropics. ‘‘That browncolor-
ing means 90 percent chance of death.’’
Strangely enough, dozens of soldiers
fromeliteBrazilianmilitary units, aswell
as membersofspecialoperationsforces
from around the world, vie each year for
coveted spots in the courses at the cen-
ter,which is emerging as acornerstone
of Brazil’s ambition to spread its influ-
ence into parts of the developing world,
especially in Latin America and Africa.
In courses lasting about nine weeks,
instructors submit soldiers to an array
of punishing tasks. Thesoldiersmust
endure long hikes through the jungle,
swim in waters infested with caiman
and piranha, and survive for several
days without rations, hunting or for-
aging for their own food.
Instructorsalso deprive soldiersof
sleep, roaring insults at themwhen they
show signs of fatigue, and force them to
engage in hand-to-hand combat with
one another. Throughout it all, soldiers
rest when permitted in hammocks
pitched on trees deep in the forest,
wherethey are often soaked by heavy
rains or bedeviled by the ear-piercing
groans of howler monkeys.
‘‘It has been a very, very hard and tir-
ing experience,’’ said Lt. Djibril Touré,
26, one of four junior officers fromaspe-
cial operations unit in the Senegalese
Army, which was sent to take part in the
course this year.
The Senegalese contingent dropped
out after failing a test in which partic-
ipants must tread water in full gear, car-
rying backpacksand arifle that togeth-
er weigh about 50 kilograms, or about
110 pounds. But they remained hereas
observers because Brazil has agreed to
help the Senegalese Armyimprove its
jungle warfare abilities.
After the course ends, Lieutenant
Touré said, Brazilian military advisers
plan to travel to Senegal, wherehis unit
is involved in combating a slow-burning
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Join a discussion on the IHT
Female Factor Facebook page:
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of military rule, from 1964 to 1985, when
soldiers were implicated in human
rights abuses.
Thetask of preparing soldiershere
for missions in Brazil or abroad is large-
ly left up to Lt. Col. Mário Augusto Coim-
bra, the chief instructor at the jungle
warfarecenter. Colonel Coimbra, aself-
described connoisseur of Jack Daniel’s
whiskey, recently spent a vacation in
Texas hunting feral hogs, and displays a
collection of combat knives, particularly
Nepalese kukris, in his office.
‘‘Rambo couldn’t finish this course,’’
said Colonel Coimbra, 44, a stocky man
whose cellphone ringtone whirslikea
helicopter taking off. ‘‘It’s because he’s
an individualist; to truly survive in the
jungle you need to be a team.’’
Still, even the teams formed during
the course inevitably get whittled down.
Of 100 participantswho began the course
this year,just 53 were left at the midway
point. Doctors and psychologists con-
stantly monitor the soldiers, requesting
their removaliftheyappeartoofatigued
or sick. Thelast fatalitywas in 2008,
when a soldier fainted while swimming.
In addition to the Senegalese officers,
soldiers from Guatemala, Ecuador and
France took part in the course this year.
On a recent afternoon, many of the par-
ticipants looked gaunt, with bags under
the eyes, as they were ordered to run in
formation under incessant rain. They
had their name tags removed, and were
assigned numbers by instructors.
No. 14, Lt. CaioNicoli Calggario, of Es-
pírito Santo State in southeastern
Brazil, looked exhausted when asked
about the course. He said a low point
came during the survivalphase when
some soldiers staved offhunger by eat-
ing the larvae found on the babassu
coconut tree. ‘‘I slept 10 minutes last
night,’’ he said, staring at the ground.
‘‘It’s hard to hunt when you’re tired.’’
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4%6-7 Old buildings in Paris have begun
to display disquieting signs of decrep-
itude. Since the collapse of the house in
the rue d’Anjou, which caused two
deaths, several accidents of a somewhat
similar nature, though of much less
gravity, have been reported. Thelatest
occurred onMonday evening [May 5] in
the rue Réaumur, at the ancient priory of
Saint-Martin-des-Champs, where part of
the sacristy roof suddenly cavedin.For-
tunately no one wasinjured;buttheten-
ants of an adjoining house, which for a
short time seemed in danger, had a
fright. It is surmised that one of the walls
supporting the roof must have been
weakened, and finally shaken down, by
the continuous vibration of the dense
trafficandtheMétro.These accidents, in
fact, are one of the penalties of progress.
'XFHDQG+LWOHU3OHGJH6XSSRUW
631) Premier Mussolini and Chancel-
lor Hitler pledged themselves to undy-
ing friendship and mutual support in
their separate spheres of interest in
toasts exchanged at a state banquet at
the Palazzo Venezia tonight [May 7].
Eagerly awaited as indications of the
trend of political conversations which
have been going on while Herr Hitler
has been in Rome, Mussolini’s speech
virtually offered Hitler a free hand in ex-
panding and unifying the German na-
tion along ‘‘natural’’ lines and foreshad-
owed that other nations would join them
‘‘in putting away competing ideologies.’’
:\QQH3OHDGV*XLOW\LQ5XVVLD
137'3;
British businessman Greville
Wynne pleaded guilty today [May 7] to
charges of espionage against the Soviet
Union. His alleged accomplice, Oleg
Penkovsky, a Russian scientific official,
pleaded guilty to a charge of treason.
They made the admissions at the open-
ing of their trial this morning. Mr.
Wynne, however, in response to the
question, ‘‘Do you plead guilty?’’ said,
‘‘I do, but with certain reservations
which I will make in my statement.’’
/W&DLR1LFROL&DOJJDULRRIWKH%UD]LOLDQ$UP\LQVSHFWLQJKLVLQMXUHGNQHH'RFWRUVDQG
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insurgency, the Movement of Demo-
cratic Forces of Casamance.
For Brazil, the opportunity to train Af-
rican soldiers will help lift its profile on
the other side of the Atlantic at a time
when trade is surging between Brazil
and African countries. In addition to
Senegal, Angola has begun sending sol-
diers to the Jungle Warfare Instruction
Center, commonly called CIGS, the ac-
ronym of its name in Portuguese.
Brazil has also made the courses here
available to countries in its ownconti-
nent, with Argentina, Venezuela,
Guyana and Suriname sending partic-
ipants. Even France, which maintains
troops inFrenchGuiana, an overseas re-
gion that shares a border in the Amazon
with Brazil, and the United States occa-
sionally send soldiers for training.
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appear at a time when thereare plenty
of images of angry protesterswaving
signs with swastikas on the streets of
Athens.
Europe’s largest economy is viewed
with a mixtureof apprehension, envy
and admiration, informed by a belief
that theGermans have cracked the code
of howto compete in the globalized
world, coupled with uncertaintyover
whether their export-driveneconomic
model can be replicated.
After Bayern trounced Barcelona for
the second time in arow last week,
Italy’s Corriere della Sera wrote that
‘‘the lesson of order and talent goes be-
yond soccer.’ ’ The coverofBritain’s
New Statesman magazine this week
shows photographs of Chancellor An-
gelaMerkel and the German soccer star
Bastian Schweinsteiger with the head-
line, ‘‘Why can’t we be morelike Ger-
many?’’
This past weekend Spain’s Socialists
discussed the German model for help-
ing companies payfor idled workersto
stay home without laying them off.
‘‘There is resentment at the current
austerity policies attributed to Merkel,’’
said Jordi Vaquer i Fanés, a political sci-
entist and director of the Open Society
Initiative for Europe in Barcelona, ‘‘but
Germany still comes out at the top of the
most admired countries.’’
Europeans arevoting with their feet:
The government statistics office report-
ed Tuesday that 2012 saw the largest net
gain in migration here n 17 years.
Nearly 1.1million people movedto Ger-
many last year, with rising numbers of
job seekers arriving from countries
struck by the economic crisis as well as
from Eastern Europe. Nationwide un-
employment is just 5.4 percent. On Tues-
day the main stock index hit an all-time
high.
Notjust engineersand software de-
signers are moving from Spain to Ger-
manyfor jobs, but also players and
coaches. Pep Guardiola, Barcelona’s
former coaching genius, announced this
year that he would move to Germanyto
coach Bayern. A decade ago the very
idea would have seemed absurd.
Notso long ago the positions were re-
versed. As Germany struggled to regain
its footing after reunification, so the
country’s soccer fortunes declined. Ger-
man soccer hit a new low as the econo-
my struggled to deal with high labor
costs in a rapidly globalizing world.
Germany, with its stodgy, outmoded
economic model, wasalso mocked for
its robotic play. With their rules against
foreign ownership and insistence on
keeping debts low, theGermans seemed
downright old-fashioned. The Bundes-
liga would never keep up with the Rus-
sian oligarchs and Arab billionaires.
When England’s free-spending
Premier League was clearly on top, the
lesson wasthat globalization wasun-
stoppable. The Spaniards, meanwhile,
were flush and booming.
Long before he financial crisis
brought high-flying economies like
Spain’s back to earth, Germany demon-
strated an ability to reform and recon-
stitute. On the business side, that meant
the labor reforms known as Agenda
2010 that made the economy more com-
petitive.Onthe soccer side that meant
building up anew youth-training and
talent-spotting system.
‘‘I don’t want to point the moralizing
finger,saying ‘We’resuper. We’re sav-
ing the euro,’’’ said Martin Nolte, pro-
2QWKHVRFFHUILHOG
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BY NICHOLAS KULISH
France’s finance minister,Pierre Mo-
scovici, warned on Tuesdayagainst ca-
ricatures and misunderstandings over
Germany’s handling of the euro crisis,
but quickly qualified his conciliatory
statement about the European Union’s
most powerful country.
‘‘Thereisone subject whereGer-
1(:6$1$/<6,6
many’s image is certainly bad,’’ Mr. Mo-
scovici told an auditorium full of stu-
dents at the Free University in Berlin.
‘‘Germany wins too often at soccer, par-
ticularly
now in
the Champions
League.’’
The Champions League does not kick
offfor morethan two weeks, but in ade-
velopment that feels all too fitting under
the current circumstances here, Ger-
many has already won. Two German
clubs, one from Dortmund in the Ruhr
Valley and the other from Munich in
deepest Bavaria, will face off for the
European title, whichmeans the nation-
ality of the champion is already as-
sured.
The local press is calling it the ‘‘dream
final.’’ The daily Berliner Kurier
summed up the mood in Germany per-
fectly in afront page headline last week
that read simply: ‘‘We versus us.’’
‘‘One thing is certain,’’ said Chancel-
lor Angela Merkel. ‘‘Germany wins.’’
Of course, a game is just a game, but
when the game in question is European
soccer, it tends to be viewed as a
Rorschach test for the health and confi-
dence of nations. German teams’ suc-
cess on the field has helped reinforce the
broader narrative of dominance that
has emerged during the years-long debt
crisis.
Germany’s stock market is riding
high, its unemployment rate has been
stubbornly lowand the Continent’s best
and brightest aremoving herein
droves. Attitudes toward Germany in
Europe aremore complicated than they
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Aman believed to be a
member of the Basque separatist group ETAwas takeninto
custody Tuesdayin Montpellier, France. Theauthorities de-
tained atotal of six people —described as ‘‘active members of
clandestine ETA cells’’ — in three operations around the coun-
try. ThearreststookplaceoutsideETAstrongholds.
fessor for sports lawat the German
Sport University Cologne. ‘‘We make
mistakes herein Germany too, but the
professionalism and management from
the economic side leads to a solid athlet-
ic effort.’’
Rightly or wrongly, a sense here and
abroad of German teams and busi-
nesses as farsighted and built for stabil-
ity has taken root.
But it remains to be seen how popular
the all-Germanmatchupwill bewith the
rest of the Continent.
‘‘Because the league is so well-man-
aged, it means there’s less flashy expen-
diture, there’s alittle lessinternational-
ism there,’’ saidMr. Foer. ‘‘Themodesty
and competence that underline the
whole thing also constrain it from being
as sexy as Spain or England.’’
Chris Cottrell contributed reporting
fromBerlin, Elisabetta Povoledo from
Rome, and Raphael Minder fromMad-
rid.
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among Conservative lawmakers who
feel vulnerable to the populist U.K. Inde-
pendence Party.
The U.K. Independence Partynever-
theless wonaboutaquarterofthevote in
local elections last week, after campaign-
ing for Britishwithdrawal fromthe union
and for strict new curbs on immigration.
That has increased pressure on Mr.
Cameron to harden policy on Europe
again, with some lawmakerseven
pressing for him to move forward with
the referendum.
Amorelikelygesturewould be for him
to try to write his referendum pledge in-
to law immediately,sending astrong
signal of his seriousness. But even that
could prove difficult because his junior
coalition partners, the Liberal Demo-
crats, oppose the referendum plan.
Pro-Europeans maintain that giving
ground to the U.K. Independence Party
tends to validate their arguments rather
than undermine their support.
Nick Clegg, the deputy prime minis-
ter and leader of the Liberal Democrats,
said the Conservatives were struggling
to work out how to deal with the U.K. In-
dependence Party.
‘‘One minute they want to be in the
European Union, nowsenior Conserva-
tives likeNigel Lawson say theywant to
go out,’’ he told ITV’s‘‘Daybreak’’ pro-
gram. Mr.Clegg said he believed that
Britain should try to reform the bloc and
not turn its back on it, a step that he said
would risk up to three million British
jobs.
Mr. Cameron’s office gave no indica-
tion that further policyshifts were un-
der way Tuesday, saying that the prime
minister had set out his position very
clearly by promising to renegotiate
Britain’sties with the European Union
and then hold a referendum.
Mr.Cameronwill‘‘pushforreform in
Europe tomakeEuropemore open, more
competitive and more flexible,’’ said his
spokesman, who is not normally identi-
fied in line with government policy.
032(32
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An Algeria-based offshoot of Al Qaeda
said in an video posted online Tuesday
that Muslims have an obligation to at-
tack French interests around the world
because of France’s military interven-
tion inMali.
In the message, Abou Obeida Youssef
Al-Annabi, a leader of Al Qaeda in the Is-
lamic Maghreb, said the ‘‘crusade’’led
by France inMali made its interests ‘‘le-
gitimate targets.’’
President François Hollande ordered
the Jan. 11 intervention to stamp out
Qaeda-linked jihadists and other radic-
als that controlled northernMali. He
said Tuesday that he took the threat se-
riously because France had inflicted
‘‘considerable’’ losses on the Qaeda off-
shoot and because its ‘‘networks exist
outside Mali.’’
(AP)
/21'21
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Another well-known television person-
ality wasdrawnintoBritain’s child
sexual abuse scandal Tuesday when
the British news media identified a 73-
year-old man arrested overallegations
dating from the late 1970s as the enter-
tainer Jimmy Tarbuck.
The latest arrest, in April, concerns
accusations of abuse of a boy in Harro-
gate, in the north of England.
ThepoliceinNorth Yorkshire acted on
information passed on from an investi-
gation into Jimmy Savile, the BBC televi-
sion host who died in 2011 and been
linked to hundreds of cases of abuse. Al-
legations have surfaced against around
adozenindividuals,includingsomeof
the country’s best-known television per-
sonalities of the 1960s and 1970s.
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BY STEPHEN CASTLE
Four days after a party that is campaign-
ing for Britain to leave the EuropeanUn-
ion made big gains in local elections, a
former chancellor of the Exchequer on
Tuesday joined callsforaBritishexit
from the bloc, fueling debate within the
governing Conservative Party.
Writing in The Times of London, the
former finance minister,Nigel Lawson,
said that the economic gains of exit now
substantially outweighed their benefits,
arguing that the union had become a
‘‘bureaucratic monstrosity’’ intent on a
‘‘frenzy of regulatory activism’’ over fi-
nancial services.
Since leaving the front line of politics,
Mr. Lawson, who served under Prime
Minister Margaret Thatcher, has pub-
licly departed from Conservative Party
policy on other occasions, most notably
by disputing the effects of climate
change.
Still, he is one of the most senior Con-
servatives to call for Britain’s exit from
the European Union and has done so at
a time of heightened sensitivity in his
party.
In January, Prime Minister David
Cameron said in a speech that if re-
elected he would negotiate a looser,
more remote relationship with the bloc,
then offer votersareferendum on
whether to stay.
But Mr. Lawson said that any conces-
sions Mr. Cameron might win from
European partners would be ‘‘incon-
sequential.’’
That criticism is damaging for Mr.
Cameron, whose referendum pledge
had, for several weeks, steadied nerves
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judge’s rationale for summoning the
princess —that she knew her husband
had been using her name and status to
advance suspect business deals —was
appealed by the prosecution, which ar-
gued that therewas insufficient evi-
dence to link her directly to the work-
ings of the charity.
A panel of judges upheld that view
Tuesday, voting 2to 1 to suspend the
summons.
Thepanel left the door open for Prin-
cess Cristina to be questioned at a later
stage regarding possible taxfraud and
money laundering if new evidence
against her emerged.
The corruption case comes as the pop-
ularityof the monarchy has fallen to a
record low, prompting calls even among
the institution’s supporters for King
JuanCarlos, who is 75 and has suffered a
series of health problems, to abdicate in
favor of Felipe, his 45-year-old son.
SinceMr. Urdangarinwas named as a
suspect in 2011, the royal household has
tried to limit the damage of the investi-
gation by precluding him from any in-
volvement in royal affairsand distan-
cing his wife and other membersofthe
family fromMr.Urdangarin’s past busi-
ness dealings.
Hadthe subpoena been upheld, Prin-
cess Cristina would have been the first
royal-born Spaniard to appear in court
in the country’s modern history.Mr.
Urdangarin became part of the Spanish
nobilityin 997, when he married
Cristina and became the Duke of Palma.
Mr.Urdangarin has denied any
wrongdoing,and neither he nor anyone
else has been charged with anycrime.
Since firstappearing in court in Febru-
ary 2012, he has also denied that the king,
PrincessCristina or other membersof
the Spanish royalhouseholdhadanydi-
rect involvement or offered him anyad-
vice relating to the sports foundation.
However, Judge Castroused aseries
of incriminating e-mails provided by
Mr. Urdangarin’s former business part-
ner to try to summon PrincessCristina
to court last month.
Alfonso Alonso, the parliamentary
spokesman of the governing Popular
Party, welcomed the court’s decision as
‘‘good for everybody.’ ’ He added: ‘‘If
the process has shown anything, it is
that in Spain everybody is equal before
the law.’’
Some opposition politicians have ac-
cused the royalhouseholdandthegov-
ernment of pressuring the court inPalma
into dropping the subpoena. Ricardo
Sixto, a lawmaker from the left-wing
Izquierda Unida party, said the govern-
ment wasinterveninginordertoprevent
the three-year-old case against Mr. Urd-
angarin from reaching any conclusion.
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CONGRATULATIONS LEBRON JAMES.
AWARDED MOST VALUABLE PLAYER
FOR THE 2012-13 SEASON.
FOURTH MVP TITLE IN FIVE YEARS.
BY RAPHAEL MINDER
A Spanish court on Tuesdaydropped a
subpoena for PrincessCristina, the
youngest daughter of King Juan Carlos,
in an embezzlement case that has tar-
nished the monarchy even as other cor-
ruption cases have shaken virtually
every public institution in Spain.
PrincessCristina had initially been
due to appear in court last month. She
had been named as asuspect by Judge
José Castroof Palma, who has been in
charge of investigating the dealings of
her husband, Iñaki Urdangarin, a
former Olympic handball player.
Investigators contend that Mr.Urd-
angarin used his royal credentials to se-
cure inflated contracts from regional
politicians for Instituto Nóos, his sports
foundation, then siphoned millions of
dollars from the contract fees, channel-
ing the money to other companies and
to offshore accounts controlled by him
and his associates.
In a surprising move, however, the
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church of San Giovanni Battistadei
Fiorentini. Fordecades, Mr.Andreotti
attended Mass there every morning.
Asmattering of well-wishersap-
plauded as the coffin passed. Earlier, a
steady stream of people paid their re-
spects to the family,as television crews
clogged traffic on one of Rome’s main
central streets vying for a glimpse of
celebrity mourners. Among those call-
ing were the recently re-elected presi-
dent, Giorgio Napolitano, family
friends, and the Vatican’s secretary of
state, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone.
NoMafialinkswere ever proven by an
Italian court, though Mr.Andreottiwas
tried twice. Still, manyItalians see him
as the keeper of state secrets possibly
best left unknown that mayhavecon-
tributed to the nation’s postwar recov-
ery even as the consequent compromis-
es chipped away at its moral bearings.
‘‘Hewas the interpreter of many,
manycontradictions, of allthe shadows
and also some lights of Italy in the post
war period,’’ said the political commen-
tator Stefano Folli, speaking on amorn-
ing show on Radio 24.
A ront page article in La Stam-
paoffered little hope that future histori-
ans would come up with aclear picture
of Mr. Andreotti. ‘‘It’s very probable,’’
wrote Luigi La Spina, that they ‘‘will
end up giving up in the face of the unsur-
passablewall that does not allow for any
judgment and prohibits that any final
verdict is deliveredonhis account: the
wall of his mystery.’’
631)
BY ELISABETTA POVOLEDO
The Italianmedia on Tuesday hailed the
late Giulio Andreotti, the seven-time
prime minister who dominated politics
here for 50 years, with reams of analysis
and interviews and hours of televised
commentary reviewing themysteries of
a legacy that pulled the country through
postwar rebuilding as well as Cold War
machinations against Communism.
Websites packaged some of his most
famous, caustic aphorisms (for in-
stance, ‘‘I love Germany so much I pre-
ferred two.’ ’) His infamous nicknames
were resurrected: Beelzebub, and Il
Divo Giulio, the Divine Julius, coined for
another man of power —aCaesar who
reigned some 2000 years ago—and pop-
ularized by the influential film director
Paolo Sorrentino.
‘‘Hewas aman of the Vatican, aman
of the Cold War, and a man of contro-
versy, so there are shadows that linger,’’
like charges of association with the
Mafia, said Massimo Franco, apolitical
commentator and the author of a biog-
raphy of the late prime minister. He also
governed in a period of economic boom
and international prestige, adding to the
complexity of assessing his power.
Mr. Andreotti, who died onMonday at
age 94, did not have a state funeral. Pall-
bearersbore his coffinfrom his apart-
ment in Rome, directly across the Tiber
River from the Vatican, to the nearby
His colleague at the hospital, who, like
others, spokeon the condition of an-
onymity for fear of retribution, contin-
ued: ‘‘Every day. An average of 14 to 15
bodies a day. They accumulate. Some
areswollen. Almost allare emaciated.
Some they bring in with their handcuffs
still on.’’
On a recent blazingly hot Saturday, a
convoy barreled into the sandy grounds
of the sprawling state hospital, sirens
wailing, two armored cars with
helmeted Nigerian army machine-gun-
ners ooking out, flanking an ambu-
lance. The ambulance attendants wore
face masks against the odor in the 42.7-
degree Celsius (109 Fahrenheit) heat.
It would not be the only convoy that
day, said advocates also observing the
scene.
‘‘The numbers canbe outrageous;
they bring them in an ambulance, two or
three ambulances, loaded,’’ said the se-
curity official. ‘‘Most of them are tor-
tured, and many of them die.’’
Mortuary attendants, overwhelmed,
sometimes simply flee their post, the se-
curity official said.
‘‘They just throw the corpses on the
ground,’ ’ said Dr.Mohammed Ghuluze,
the medical director at the hospital.
‘‘Yesterdaythey came in and just threw
five corpses on the ground.’’
Sagir Musa, aspokesman for the mil-
itary’s joint task force, acknowledged
detentions at the barracks, saying that
‘‘many confirmed commanders of Boko
Haramhave been arrested, andmany of
their camps have been destroyed,’’ ac-
tions that he said aided the ‘‘restoration
of law and order.’’
But he rejected accusations of wide-
spread deaths or torture.
‘‘One cannot rule out the possibility of
one, two dying periodically in deten-
tion,’’ he said. But ‘‘to say five, no. There
cannot be multiple corpses. We don’t
torture people. There is no waywe can
torture. We don’t even have the equip-
ment to torture somebody in deten-
tion.’’
One local official discounted the need
for any such equipment.
‘‘They don’t even shoot people now;
they arekilling by suffocation,’’ he said.
Theofficial said the military put ‘‘30-40
people inside an armored car. Then they
lock the car. It’s suffocation. It’s not
good, not good,’’ he said, describing a
mass burial of 174young men at the
cemetery in recent weeks, with bodies
dumped in hastily dug graves.
At the back of the hospital, behind a
high wall that separates the mortuary
from anarrow alley of shops, the smell
of decomposing flesh was unmistak-
able.
‘‘It’s terrible, 100 percent terrible; the
neighbors can’t stay,’ ’ said Alhaji
Bashir, a satellite-equipment vendor in
the alley. ‘‘You can’tsit outside. In my
shop, I bring perfume. Sometimes they
bring 80 corpses a day from Giwa. They
even throw the corpses under the
trees.’’
One retired civil servant said he had
not seen his two sons, aged 34 and 36,
since Dec. 11, when soldiersentered
their house at 3a.m. and arrested them.
They were health care workers, he said,
accused of treating wounded Boko
Harammembers.
Other detainees passed word to him
that the younger son wasalready dead,
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BY RICK GLADSTONE
AND NEIL MACFARQUHAR
Four U.N. soldierspatrolling part of the
disputed Golan Heights area between
Syria and Israel were detained by Syri-
an insurgents Tuesday, the second time
in twomonths that members of the blue-
helmeted international peacekeeping
force in that region have become en-
tangled in Syria’s civil war.
Secretary General Ban Ki-moon con-
demned the detentions and called for
the immediate release of the peacekeep-
ers. A spokesman for Mr. Ban, Martin
Nesirky, told reporters at the United
Nations that all partiesmust respect the
peacekeeping force’s ‘‘freedom of
movement and safety and security.’’
A Syrian insurgent group that was re-
sponsible for the last abduction, the self-
described Martyrsof Yarmouk, assert-
ed that it had taken custody of the four
soldiersfor their ownsafetyand posted
a photograph of the detainees on Face-
book. Allare Filipinos and did not ap-
pear to be harmed.
Josephine Guerrero, a spokeswoman
for the U.N. departments that oversee
its global peacekeeping operations, said
efforts to secure the release of the peace-
keepers were under way. Ms.Guerrero
said she could not confirm the identities
of their abductors but said they were
seized near the hamlet of Al Jamlah,
where the previous group washeld.
The Martyrs of Yarmouk detained 21
Filipino members of the Golan peace-
keeping force on March 6. That group
wasfreed after four days, following ne-
gotiations and international callsfor
their release.
After that abduction, force command-
ers deployed more armored cars and
decreased the number of patrols.
TheFilipino soldiers areacomponent
of the U.N. Disengagement Observer
Force, the peacekeeping unit respon-
sible for patrolling the Golan Heights
buffer zone region between Israel and
Syria, which wasestablished in 1974
after a warinwhichIsrael seized part of
the strategic area fromSyria. Both coun-
tries remain in a technical state of war.
Thelatest abduction came against a
backdrop of sharply heightened ten-
sions between Syria and Israel in recent
days. Thegovernment of President
Bashar al-Assad of Syria has accused
the Israelis of aerial assaults onmilitary
targets near Damascus. Israel has not
publicly claimed responsibility for those
assaults, but officials have said they will
hit targets in Syria that they believe
contain armaments destined for
Hezbollah, the Lebanese Shiite militant
group that is Mr. Assad’s ally.
TheIsraelis have strengthened their
military deployment in the Golan
Heights area recently, reflecting growing
concern by Israel that the two-year-old
civil warinSyria could spill overthe dis-
puted border. TheIsraelis have reported
at least 30 instances of errant munitions
from Syria landing in the Golan, with at
least five prompting Israel to fire back.
The fighting has also created a di-
lemma for the United Nations on howto
continue an important mission while
keeping its peacekeeperssafe in what
has become a combat zone.
Aside from the Philippines, the other
soldiers in the roughly 900-member
force come from Austria, India, Mo-
rocco and Moldova.
Hania Mourtada and Hwaida Saad con-
tributed reporting fromBeirut.
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he said. He hopes the older son is still
alive, but like most others, he has no ac-
cess to the barracks.
Suleman Mohammed, 28, a clothes
seller, said he was rounded up in Janu-
ary along with six others after a neigh-
borhood school wastorched by Boko
Haram. He said he wastaken to Giwa
barracks.
‘‘They hung me for two days,’’ Mr.
Mohammed recounted, saying he was
handcuffed to a pillar, beaten with a
truncheon and given one cup of water a
day. ‘‘They will insist you are a member
of Boko Haram, nothing more and noth-
ing less.’’
He said he sawmany people die at the
barracks.
‘‘In Giwa, not lessthan 30 people die
every day —starvation, heart attacks,’’
he said. ‘‘At times, in a single room, 10
people died because of starvation. Some
go mad. They shout, ‘Water, water.’ ’’
Boko Haram has shown few signs
that it is ready to give up, and neither
has themilitary, officials said. There has
been ‘‘a very high increase in the num-
ber of corpses,’’ one of the state’s top
health officials said.
‘‘When I came,’’ several years ago, ‘‘it
was not this bad,’’ the official continued.
‘‘In the last year, it has become so bad. It
has escalated.’’
Mr. Mohammed, the clothing vendor,
said: ‘‘I never thought I would see the
outside world again.’’ But he wasre-
leased, he said, when aneighborhood
policeman intervened to say that hewas
not a Boko Harammember.
As for the military,‘‘I don’t fear them
as before.’’
‘‘I have undergone the pain,’’ he said.
‘‘I don’t feel fear.’’
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ranks of computer technologies, invest-
ing in electronic warfarecapabilities,
searching for ways to blind U.S. satel-
lites and other space assets, and using a
combination of electronic and tradition-
al weapons systems to gradually push
the United States and others behind the
second island chain in the Pacific.
Twomonthsago,theObamaadminis-
tration would not officially confirm re-
ports in The NewYork Times, based in
large part on adetailed study by the
computer security firm Mandiant, that
identified P. L.A. Unit 61398 near Shang-
hai as the likely source of manyofthe
biggest thefts of data from U.S. compa-
nies and some government institutions.
But government officials said that the
overall issue of computer intrusions
would move to the center of the U.S.-
China relationship, and it wasraised on
recent trips by Treasury Secretary Jac-
ob J. LewandthechairmanoftheJoint
Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Martin E. Dempsey.
To bolster its case, the report argues
that cyberweapons have become integ-
raltoChinese military strategy. It cites
two major public works of military doc-
trine, ‘‘Science of Strategy’’and‘‘Sci-
ence of Campaigns,’’ saying they identi-
fy ‘‘information warfare I.W.) as
integral to achieving information su-
periority and an effective means for
countering astronger foe.’’ But it notes
that neither document ‘‘identifies the
specific criteria for employing computer
network attack against an adversary,’ ’
though they ‘‘advocate developing ca-
pabilities to compete in this medium.’’
It is a critique the Chinese could just
as easily level at the United States,
;%7,-2+832
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BY DAVID E. SANGER
TheObama administration has expli-
citly accused the Chinese military of
mounting attackson U.S. government
computer systems and defense contrac-
tors, saying one motive could be to map
‘‘military capabilities that could be ex-
ploited during a crisis.’’
While some recent estimates have
morethan 90 percent of cyberespionage
in the United States originating in China,
the accusations relayedonMonday in the
Pentagon’sannual report to Congresson
Chinese military capabilities were re-
markable in their directness. Until now,
the administration had avoided directly
accusing both the Chinese government
and the People’s Liberation Army of us-
ing cyberweapons against the United
States in adeliberate, government-de-
veloped strategy to steal intellectual
property and gain strategic advantage.
‘‘In 2012, numerous computer sys-
tems around the world, including those
owned by the U.S. government, contin-
ued to be targeted for intrusions, some of
which appear to be attributable directly
to the Chinese government and mili-
tary,’’ the nearly 100-page report said.
Thereport described China’s primary
goal as stealing industrial technology but
said that many intrusions also seemed
aimed at obtaining insights into U.S.
policy makers’ thinking. It warned that
the same information-gathering could
easily be used for ‘‘building apicture of
U.S. network defense networks, logistics,
and related military capabilities that
could be exploited during a crisis.’’
On Tuesday, aspokeswoman for the
Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Hua Chunying, criticized the report.
‘‘China has repeatedly said that we
resolutely oppose all forms of hacker at-
tacks,’ ’ she said. ‘‘We’re willing to carry
out an even-tempered and constructive
dialogue with the U.S. on the issue of In-
ternet security. But we arefirmly op-
posed to any groundless accusations
and speculations, since they will only
damage the cooperation efforts and at-
mospherebetween the two sides to
strengthen dialogue and cooperation.’’
Missing from the Pentagon report was
anyacknowledgment of the similar abili-
ties being developed in the United States,
wherebillions of dollarsare spent each
year on cyberdefense and building in-
creasingly sophisticated cyberweapons.
Recently, the director of the National Se-
curity Agency, Gen. Keith Alexander,
who is also commander of the military’s
fast-growing Cyber Command, told Con-
gressthat he wascreating more than a
dozen offensive units designed to mount
attacks, when necessary, on foreign com-
puter networks.
When the United States mounted its
cyberattacks on Iranian nuclear facilit-
ies early in President Barack Obama’s
first term, Mr. Obama expressed con-
cern to aides that China and other states
might use the U.S. operations to justify
their own intrusions.
But the Pentagon report describes
something far moresophisticated: a
China that has now leapt into the first
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tried to force her way through the front
door.
Theauthorities said they discovered
the previous calls to the house after they
combed through their databases follow-
ing the discovery of the women. Martin
Flask, the director of public safety in
Cleveland, said there wasnoindication
of criminal intent by Mr. Castro in rela-
tion to the school bus incident, and as far
as the authorities could determine,
therewas no recordany of the neigh-
bors, bystanders or other witnesses or
anyone else had ever called about the
women in relation to the house where
they were eventually found.
The women appeared to be physically
unharmed, the authorities said shortly
after they were discovered.
On Tuesday, they were released from
MetroHealth hospital, wherethey had
been taken to the emergency room and
described as in ‘‘fair condition,’’ the hos-
pital said. It said they were reunited
with their families.
‘‘The nightmare is over,’’ Stephen D.
Anthony, special agent in charge of the
Cleveland division of the F.B.I., said.
Family members and friends of the
women reacted to the news with amix-
ture of shock and elation. ‘‘I’m so thank-
ful, God is good,’’ Kayla Rogers, a child-
hood friend of Ms. DeJesus, told The
Cleveland Plain Dealer. ‘I’ve been
praying. Never forgot about her, ever.’’
Michael Schwirtz contributed reporting.
where the Pentagon has declined to de-
scribe the conditions under which it
would use offensive cyberweapons. The
Iran operation was considered a covert
action, run by intelligence agencies,
thoughmany techniques used tomanip-
ulate Iran’s computer controllers would
also be common to a military program.
The Pentagon report also states that
China’s investments in the United States
aim to bolster its ownmilitarytechnol-
ogy. ‘‘China continues to leverage foreign
investments, commercial joint ventures,
academic exchanges, the experience of
repatriated Chinese students and re-
searchers, and state-sponsored industri-
al and technical espionage to increase the
level of technologies and expertise avail-
able to support military research, devel-
opment and acquisition.’’
Thereport does not addresshow the
Obama administration should deal with
that problem in an economically inter-
connectedworldwhere theUnited States
encourages those investments, and its
ownin China, to create jobs and deepen
the relationship between the world’s No.
1and No. 2economies. Some experts
have argued that the threat from China
has been exaggerated. They point out
that China, unlike Iran or North Korea,
has such deep investments in the United
States that it cannot affordtomounta
crippling cyberstrike on the country.
Keith Bradsher contributed reporting
fromHong Kong.
tions’’ that thewomen had escaped. Tele-
vision images showedneighbors lining
the streets, applauding as emergency
vehicles whisked the women away.
Though many questions surrounding
the women’s long disappearance re-
mained unanswered, the case immedi-
ately evoked horrifying ordeals of
young women who had seemingly van-
ished only to be discovered after years
of abuse and imprisonment in discon-
certingly ordinary homes.
Therewas the kidnapping of Jaycee
Lee Dugard n 1991, in South Lake
Tahoe, California, when she was just 11
whilewalking fromhome to a school bus
stop. She was missing for morethan 18
years, locked in a concealed space be-
hind the home of Phillip Craig Garrido,
who was discovered and later convicted
along with his wife, Nancy. Ms.Dugard
emerged from her captivity with two
daughters, 11 and 15.
In Austria, Elisabeth Fritzl was hid-
den away in a basement of her own fam-
ily’s home in Amstetten for 24 yearsbe-
fore she surfaced at age 42 in 2008. In
that time, she was physically and sexu-
ally abused by her father, Josef, and had
given birth to seven children. Another
died in miscarriage.
From themodest home on at 2207 Sey-
mour Avenue in Cleveland, Mr. Berry,
who is now 27, emerged with a 6-year-
old. Theauthorities did not release the
identity of the child’s father, nor did they
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reveal more details about the women’s
condition, saying that they were con-
cerned with their emotional well-being.
Ms.Berry was last seen leaving her
job at a Cleveland Burger King in April
2003, when she was 16. She was gone so
long that her mother,Louwana Miller,
died during her captivity. She had spent
the previous three years looking for her
daughter, whose disappearance took a
toll as her health steadily deteriorated,
family and friends said.
Almost exactly a year after Ms. Berry
vanished, Ms.Dejesus, 14 at the time,
disappeared as she was walking home
from school. She is now 23. The third
women, Ms. Knight, now 32, had not
been seen since August 22, 2002, the po-
lice said. A missing persons’ report was
made by a family member the next day.
Thepolicesaidtheywere executing a
search warrant at the house, where they
had been called twice in the past, with-
out noticing anything suspicious or
amiss. In 2000, the owner,Ariel Castro,
had called the police about afight in the
street. In 2004, the authorities inter-
viewedMr.Castro,adriver, after he ‘‘in-
advertently’’ left a child on a school bus.
Neither of those visits by the authorit-
ies resulted in anyarrests, nor was
there any indication of the dramatic dis-
covery for which Mr. Castroisnow be-
ing held. But at anews conference on
Tuesday, the police and investigators
said that they were slowly starting to
unravel the thread of events that led to
the escape of thewomen afterMs. Berry
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States in response to perceivedhuman
rights violations, notably the treatment
of Sergei L. Magnitsky,aRussian law-
yer whose death in prison has been
widely denounced in both countries.
Secretary of State John Kerry met in
the Kremlin with Mr.Putin on Tuesday
and said the United States and Russia
shared common interests in Syria: Sta-
bilityinthe region, not wanting to see
extremism grow and hopes for apeace-
ful transition.
Mr. Kerry also thanked Mr. Putin for
Russia’s cooperation on the Boston
Marathon bombing investigation, The
Associated Press reported.
ThecooperationonBostonstandsin
contrast to the experience of the United
States andRussia in recent years on oth-
er counterterrorism matters, in which
collaboration has often been hampered
bymiscommunication, sluggish bureau-
cracies and mistrust between intelli-
gence services, which have prevented
extensive information sharing.
In 2011, the Russian authorities
provided awarning to the F.B.I. and
C.I.A. that Mr. Tsarnaev had changed
drastically, embraced radical Islam and
planned to travel to Russia to join un-
derground groups. Despite repeated re-
quests from the bureau for moreinfor-
mation, however, none was provided.
Only after the bombings did Russian of-
ficials inform the F.B.I. about the phone
calls and provide the transcripts.
Because the 2011 warning concerned
an ethnic Chechen, American officials
initially sawany possible threat as be-
ing directed at Russia, which they said
may have lent less urgency to the issue.
By many accounts, the Russian author-
ities kept close tabs on Mr.Tsarnaev
when he spent six months in Dagestan,
and they knew he had been trying to
meet with militants, but when he re-
turned to the United States, the Rus-
;%7,-2+832
BY STEVEN LEE MYERS
ANDMICHAEL S. SCHMIDT
Despite yearsof differences on howto
approach the terrorist threat, Obama
administration officials saythat the
American authorities investigating the
Boston Marathon bombings arework-
ing effectively with their Russian coun-
terparts and that they hope the experi-
ence will usher in anew eraof
cooperation on counterterrorism.
Since the bombings three weeksago,
Vladimir V. Putin, the Russian presi-
dent, and President Barack Obama
have spoken twice on the phone and
pledged deeper cooperation. In astrik-
ing sign of collaboration on the investi-
gation, Russian intelligence officials
have taken the extraordinary step of
sharing secret transcripts of aphone
call they intercepted in which they
learned that Tamerlan Tsarnaev had ex-
tremist beliefs, according to United
States law enforcement officials.
‘‘On the logistics and communica-
tions to facilitate what the F.B.I. is do-
ing,we have seen a very cooperative
Russian government, because they un-
derstand we have a common interest in
getting the full details in this investiga-
tion,’’ said a senior U.S. official. Like oth-
er officials, he would not speak on the
recordabout the continuing criminal in-
vestigation.
Relations between the countries have
been strained overthe sharply differing
American and Russian views on Syria,
whose embattled president, Bashar al-
Assad, has enjoyed support from Mos-
cow. Just days before the marathon
bombings, the Obama administration
banned two dozen Russian officials
from traveling to the United States and
froze anyassets they had in the United
:$6+,1*721
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A Pentagon study based on anonymous
surveys showedthatthenumberof
sexual assaults reported by members
of the military rose to 3,374 last year,
from 3,192 in 2011, though the depart-
ment estimates that as many as 26,000
service members were assaulted, offi-
cials said Tuesday.
The upward trend underscores the
continued reluctance of service mem-
bers to come forward and report at-
tacks formally. The numbers also high-
light the poor results that military
leaders have had in their efforts to
change the culture in the ranks.
(AP)
0(;,&2&,7<
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SRWYFYVFERLMKL[E]OMPPW
A gas tanker exploded on a highway
north of Mexico City early Tuesday,
killing at least 19 people and injuring 36
others as a fireball tore through cars
and homes.
Pablo Bedolla, the mayor of Ecate-
pec, a suburb of Mexico City, said 19
people died in the blast, which engulfed
early-morning traffic. Television foot-
age showed burned-out vehicles and
debris strewn across the highway.
Arturo Vilchis, the head of emer-
gency services in the State of Mexico,
said that 36 people were injured and
that 13 of them had been hospitalized.
Twenty homes and 16 vehicles were
damaged by the explosion, he said.
(AP)
322/3+272%<0,.+$,/./,0(17<(9
)RUHLJQ0LQLVWHU6HUJH\9 /DYURYOHIWDQG3UHVLGHQW9ODGLPLU9 3XWLQRI5XVVLDPHW7XHVGD\ZLWK6HFUHWDU\RI6WDWH-RKQ.HUU\
sians sent no new warning to their
American counterparts.
Thed feringperspec vesonthe
threat have been an obstacle to deeper
cooperation. ‘‘We’refocused on Paki-
stan, Yemen, Somalia and the Sahel;
they’re focused on theNorth Caucasus,’’
one former American official said. ‘‘A
few Chechens and others have made it
into Al Qaeda in South Asia, and we are
always worried about the radicalizing
churn in Chechnya and Dagestan. But
thereisnotmuchbasisforadeepercol-
laboration, because much of that churn
is caused by Russian human rights vio-
lations of the local population.’’
Such views have long infuriated Mr.
Putin, who considers the crushing of
Chechnya’s independence movement in
two wars since 1994 to be avictory over
international terrorism, not against a
people seeking the right to self-determi-
nation. Since Mr. Putin came to power,
the United States and many European
countries have granted asylum to
Chechens who fled the wars.
‘‘I have always felt outraged when
our Western partners, as well as your
colleagues from the Western media, re-
ferred to our terrorists who committed
brutal, bloody,appalling crimes on the
territory of our country as ‘insur-
gents,’ ’’ Mr. Putin said in atelevised
town hallmeeting on April 25, in which
he wasasked about cooperation after
the Boston bombings. ‘‘They were
hardly ever referred to as terrorists.
They provided assistance to them, in-
formation support, financial and politic-
al support —sometimes directly and
sometimes indirectly.’’
Referring to his counterparts in the
West, he added: ‘‘We always said that
they shouldn’t makeemptydeclara-
tions that terrorism is a common threat,
but make real efforts and cooperate
with each other more closely. But now
these two criminals have provided the
best possible proof that we were right.’’
Scott Shane contributed reporting.
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