Introduction To Architecture - Architectural Dictionary Of Terms, ARCHITEKTURA, Architektura
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Introduction To Architecture
Architectural Dictionary of
Terms, Movements and Architects
Billie Grahm & Mike Garde
determinants
Aesthetics
A particular theory or conception of beauty or
art : a particular taste for or approach to what
is pleasing to the senses and especially sight
Altar
1 : a usually raised structure or place on which
sacrifices are offered or
incense is burned in worship
2 : a table on which the
eucharistic elements are
consecrated or which serves
as a center of worship or
ritual
Arch
n 1 : a typically curved structural member
spanning an opening and serving as a support
(as for the wall or other weight above the
opening)
2 a : something resembling an arch in form or
function;
especially
:
either of two vaulted
portions of the bony
structure of the foot
that impart elasticity
to it b : a curvature
having the form of an arch - See Page 19
Barrel Vault
Built like an arch would be
built, complete with key
stone, but then extruded into
depth. An arch will hold a
wall above a door or a
bridge, anything narrow in
width when compared to its
height, length, and mass.
Where as a barreled vault can
support a room.
Base
1 a (1) : the lower part of a wall, pier, or
column considered as a separate architectural
feature (2) : the lower part of a complete
architectural design b : the
bottom of something considered
as its support : FOUNDATION
c (1) : a side or face of a geo-
metrical figure from which an
altitude can be constructed;
especially
: one on which the
figure stands (2) : the length of
a base
Capital
The uppermost member of a
column or pilaster crowning the
shaft and taking the weight of
the entablature
Cathedral
Of, relating to, or containing a
bishop’s official throne (cathe-
dra)
Circulation
1 : orderly movement through a circuit;
2 : FLOW
Civic Structure
A structure of or relating to a citizen, a city,
citizenship
Column
A supporting pillar;
especially
:
one consisting
of a usually round shaft, a capital, and a base
Concept
1
:
something conceived in the mind
2
:
an abstract or generic idea generalized
from particular instances
synonym
see IDEA
Dome
A large hemispherical roof or
ceiling
Folly
A building that serves no need,
only built for ascetics. It can be
of any size.
2
determinants
n
1
:
lack of good sense or normal prudence
and foresight
2 a
:
criminally or tragically foolish actions or
conduct
b
obsolete
: EVIL, WICKEDNESS
;
especially
:
lewd behavior
3
:
a foolish act or idea
4
:
an excessively costly or unprofitable
undertaking
5
:
an often extravagant picturesque building
erected to suit a fanciful taste
Minaret
A tall slender tower of a mosque having one or
more balconies from
which the summons to
prayer is cried by the
muezzin
Nave
The main part of the
interior of a church;
especially
:
the long narrow central
hall in a cruciform church that rises
higher than the aisles flanking it to
form a clerestory
Pagoda
A Far Eastern tower usually with
roofs curving upward at the division
of each of several stories and
erected as a temple or memorial
Pendentive
One of the concave trian-
gular members that
supports a dome over a
square space
Piazza
Geodesic Dome
Explain that…
Gothic
a: of, relating to, or having the
characteristics of a style of architecture devel-
oped in northern France and spreading through
western Europe from the middle of the 12th
century to the early 16th century that is
characterized by the converging of
weights and strains at isolated
points upon slender vertical
piers and counterbalancing
buttresses and by pointed
arches and vaulting
b
:
of or relating to an archi-
tectural style reflecting the
influence of the medieval
Gothic
1
plural piazze
:
an open square
especially in an Italian town
2 a
:
an arcaded and roofed
gallery
b
dialect
: VERANDA,
PORCH
High Style
Requirements
(Churches, Pyramids, Greek Temples)
-Important Civic Structure
-Planed by an Architect
-Financial Backing
Indigenous
Having originated in and being produced,
growing, living, or occurring naturally in a
particular region or environment
Plan
Adrawing or
diagram drawn on a
plane: as
a
:
a top
or horizontal view
of an object
Plane
A surface of such nature that a straight line
3
determinants
joining two of its points lies wholly in the
surface
b
:
a flat or level surface
Precedent
prior in time, order, arrangement, or signifi-
cance
Renaissance
1
capitalized
a
:
the transitional movement in
Europe between medieval and modern times
beginning in the 14th century in Italy, lasting
into the 17th century, and marked by a human-
istic revival of classical influence expressed in
a flowering of the arts and literature and by the
beginnings of modern science
b
:
the period of
the Renaissance
c
:
the neoclassic style of
architecture prevailing during the Renaissance
2
often capitalized
:
a movement or period of
vigorous artistic and intellectual activity
3
: REBIRTH, REVIVAL
Roof Pitch
Roof’s degree of slope
Shaft
the cylindrical pillar between the capital and
the base
Shutters
2
:
a usually movable cover or screen for a
window or door
3
:
a mechanical device that limits the passage
of light;
especially
:
a
camera attachment
that exposes the film
or plate by opening
and closing an aper-
ture
Vault
1 a
:
an arched structure of masonry usually
forming a ceiling or roof
b
:
something (as the
sky) resembling a vault
c
:
an arched or dome-
shaped anatomical structure
2 a
:
a space covered by an arched structure;
especially
:
an underground passage or room
b
:
an underground storage compartment
Verandah
a usually roofed open
gallery or portico
attached to the exte-
rior of a building
Vernacular
of, relating to, or
characteristic of a
period, place, or
group;
especially
:
of,
relating to, or being
the common building
style of a period or
place
4
point, line, plane, & volume
Additive Form
Modifying a form by adding to it
Architrave
The lowermost part of an entablature in
classical architecture that rests directly on top
of a column.
Axis
A straight line about which a body or geomet-
ric object rotates or may be conceived to
rotate.
Beam
A squared-off log or a large, oblong piece of
timber, metal, or stone used especially as a
horizontal support in construction.
Bearing Wall System
A wall that offers structural support for the
building. Verse a wall that offers no structural
support and could be removed at will
Berm
A narrow ledge or shelf, as along the top or
bottom of a slope.
Cantilever
A projecting structure, such as a beam, that is
supported at one end and carries a load at the
other end or along its length.
Centralized Organization
A horizontal molded projection that crowns or
completes a building or wall. The uppermost
part of an entablature.
Datum
A point, line, or surface used as a reference, as
in surveying, mapping, or geology.
Entablature
The upper section of a classical building,
resting on the columns and constituting the
architrave, frieze, and cornice.
Façade
The face of a building, especially the principal
face.
Frieze
A plain or decorated horizontal part of an
entablature between the architrave and cor-
nice.
Frontal Approach
An approach to a building that is perpendicular
or parell to the building.
Grid Organization
Identical units distributed evenly.
Tend to work well with ideas about making
efficient systems of infrastructure, a street grid
for getting cars around, or a structural grid for
supporting floors, or a cubicle grid that can
expand and contract with different functional
needs.
Hierarchy
A series in which each element is graded or
ranked
Linear Organization
Schemes that tend to collect themselves
around or on some sort of a major axis
Obelisk
A tall, four-sided shaft of stone, usually ta-
pered and monolithic, that rises to a pointed
pyramidal top.
Oblique Approach
Cloister
A covered walk with an open colonnade on
one side, running along the walls of buildings
that face a quadrangle.
Clustered Organization
Colonnade
A structure composed of columns placed at
regular intervals.
Colonnade Façade
Cornice
5
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