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MUSICMACHINE
ELVIS COVERS AS
GROWTH ENGINE
PAGE 15
|
BUSINESS ASIAWITH
BRAND BECKHAM
WILL PARIS BE
AGOOD FIT?
PAGE 13
|
SPORTS
NO LIMITS
OLDMASTERS
SET RECORDS
PAGE 10
|
CULTURE
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 2013
GLOBAL.NYTIMES.COM
Hackers in China
attack N.Y
. Times
SAN FRANCISCO
etrating computers at U.S. universities
and routing the attacks through them,
said computer security experts at Man-
diant, the company hired by The Times.
This matches the subterfuge used in
many other attacks that Mandiant has
tracked to China.
The attackers first installed malware
— malicious software — that enabled
them to gain entry to any computer on
The Times’s network. The malware was
identified by computer security experts
as a specific strain associated with com-
puter attacks originating in China. More
evidence of the source, experts said, is
that the attacks started from the same
university computers used by the
Chinese military to attack U.S. military
contractors in the past.
Security experts found evidence that
the hackers stole the corporate pass-
words for every Times employee and
used those to gain access to the personal
computers of 53 employees, most of
them outside The Times’s newsroom.
Experts found no evidence that the in-
truders used the passwords to seek in-
formation that was not related to the re-
porting on the Wen family.
No customer data was stolen from
The Times, security experts said.
Asked about evidence that indicated
the hacking originated in China, and
possibly with the military, China’s Min-
Computer assaults tied
to reporting on wealth of
prime minister’s family
BY NICOLE PERLROTH
For the past four months, Chinese hack-
ers have persistently attacked The New
York Times, infiltrating its computer
systems and getting passwords for its
reporters and other employees.
After surreptitiously tracking the in-
truders to study their movements and
help erect better defenses to block
them, The Times and computer security
experts have expelled the attackers and
kept them from breaking back in.
The timing of the attacks coincided
with the reporting for a Times investi-
gation, published online on Oct. 25, that
found that the relatives of Wen Jiabao,
China’s prime minister, had accumu-
lated a fortune worth several billion dol-
lars through business dealings.
Security experts hired by The Times
to detect and block the computer attacks
gathered digital evidence that Chinese
hackers, using methods that some con-
sultants have associated with the
Chinese military in the past, breached
The Times’s network. They broke into
the e-mail accounts of its Shanghai bu-
reau chief, David Barboza, who wrote
the reports on Mr. Wen’s relatives, and
JimYardley, The Times’s South Asia bu-
reau chief in India, who previously
worked as bureau chief in Beijing.
‘‘Computer security experts found no
evidence that sensitive e-mails or files
from the reporting of our articles about
the Wen family were accessed, down-
loaded or copied,’’ said Jill Abramson,
executive editor of The Times.
The hackers tried to cloak the source
of the attacks on The Times by first pen-
CHINA, PAGE 4
GORAN TOMASEVIC/REUTERS
Syria unrest
A Free Syrian Army fighter dragged a fellow rebel who had been hit by sniper fire during fighting in Damascus. The fighter died soon after. On Thursday, sup-
porters of Syria’s president condemned a strike near Damascus by Israeli warplanes in what was thought to be an attack on weaponry bound for Hezbollah in Lebanon.
PAGE 6
Harder line
on corporate greed in South Korea
SEOUL
rea, where judges have a reputation for
being lenient toward powerful tycoons
convicted of white-collar crimes.
Until recently, such tycoons rarely
spent any time in prison, as courts most
often not only did not arrest them but
also suspended their prison terms, citing
their ‘‘contribution to the economy’’ and
fears that their absence from manage-
mentmight hurt their corporate empires,
and by extension, the national economy.
Mr. Chey was convicted of embezz-
ling 49.7 billion won, or $45.6 million,
from the mobile phone company SK
Telecom and another SK subsidiary, SK
C&C, in 2008. SK is the third-largest
South Korean corporation by assets,
after Samsung and Hyundai.
‘‘I didn’t do it,’’ Mr. Chey said in the
courtroom. ‘‘I only learned about this in
2010, and that’s all I can say.’’
South Korean courts’ attitude toward
white-collar crimes has begun changing
recently amid mounting public calls for
‘‘economic democratization.’’ During
the presidential election campaign in
December, all major candidates, includ-
ing Park Geun-hye, who is now presi-
dent-elect, championed the political
catchphrase. They vowed to stop the
country’s conglomerates from squeez-
ing smaller businesses through unfair
business practices, fight a widening in-
come disparity and ensure that tycoons
convicted of corruptionwill be punished
properly.
In February last year, Lee Ho-jin, the
chairman of a relativelyminor conglom-
erate called Taekwang, was sentenced
to four and a half years in prison for em-
bezzlement and was immediately jailed.
In August, a Seoul court sentenced Kim
Seung-youn, head of the Hanwha con-
glomerate, to four years in prison for
embezzlement and also sent him direct-
ly to prison from the courtroom. (Mr.
Kim was paroled this month when a
court ruled his illness was serious
SAMRANG PRING/REUTERS
The article on Prime Minister Wen Jiabao’s
family was posted in English and Chinese.
In break from the past,
business leader jailed on
corruption conviction
Nuclear test could lift veil
on Pyongyang
’s program
WASHINGTON
BY CHOE SANG-HUN
The head of SK, one of the largest South
Korean conglomerates and owner of the
largest mobile carrier and biggest oil re-
finer in the country, was arrested in a
Seoul courtroom Thursday after he was
sentenced to four years in prison for em-
bezzlement.
The court’s decision to have Chey
Tae-won, 53, detained and dispatched to
prison from the courtroom, pending his
appeal, was highly unusual in South Ko-
Inspectors have been ejected from the
country, and new facilities tomake nucle-
ar fuel have appeared. And after the
North warned last week that it would
now conduct a ‘‘higher level’’ test ‘‘tar-
geted’’ at the United States, Kurt M.
Campbell, the assistant secretary of state
for East Asia, conceded that ‘‘we don’t
know the kind of test that is anticipated.’’
Now the hope is that an underground
blast will answer several mysteries.
Can the North Koreans produce a
bomb out of uranium— a program they
invited a visiting American nuclear sci-
entist to glimpse two years ago — as
well as the plutonium bombs that they
exploded in 2006 and 2009?
Can they make a warhead small
enough to fit atop one of the long-range
missiles they successfully tested last
month?
In short, is it possible that the country
that gained a reputation as the Key-
stone Kops of nuclear nations, setting
off nuclear explosions that sputtered
and missiles that crashed into the sea,
has actually gotten its act together to
U.S. officials see chance
to get first view in years
of progress on weapons
AHN YOUNG-JOON/AP
‘‘I didn’t do it,’’ Chey Tae-won, chairman
of SK, said of charges of corruption.
SOUTHKOREA, PAGE 15
BY DAVID E. SANGER
ANDWILLIAM J. BROAD
The world is warning North Korea
against going ahead with its third nucle-
ar test, but inside the U.S. intelligence
community, some officials are quietly
hoping it happens.
A test could give them their first real
view in years into whether the North
has made significant progress toward a
weapon that could threaten the United
States or its allies.
Since the North’s last test, in 2009,
during President Barack Obama’s first
months in office, the United States has
lost much of its visibility into what a
former senior intelligence official says
is on the cusp of becoming a ‘‘runaway
program.’’
Travel being r
edefined to meet baby boomers’ needs
NEW YORK
BY STEPHANIE ROSENBLOOM
Big font. Easy-to-print pages. Luxury ho-
tels that can be sorted by amenities like
cooking lessons and connecting suites.
With things like new hotel Web sites,
shorter cruises and smaller tours, the
travel industry is redoubling its efforts
this year towin the hearts andwallets of
the American baby boom generation,
people between the ages of 48 and 67.
It is a generation that, given its size
(about 26 percent of theU.S. population)
and its collective wealth (it controls the
majority of the country’s disposable in-
come), has been shaping U.S. travel
choices for decades. Boomers in the
1960s and ’70s made shoestring student
trips to Europe de rigueur. It was the
boomers who propelled the singles re-
sort scene at places like Club Med to its
apotheosis in the 1970s. More recently,
they have fueled the appetite for luxury
hotels.
Yet when the economy tanked in 2008,
boomers began snapping their wallets
shut and stowing their luggage in their
closets instead of airplane bins, helping
send the travel industry into a tailspin.
Now, five years later, with the U.S. econ-
omy showing some signs of recovery
and the first wave of boomers retiring,
many travel companies have declared a
New Year’s resolution: Seduce the
boomer. (Again.)
Whether it is a yen for Wi-Fi in the
Serengeti or a disdain for bus tours,
boomers’ latest needs, whims and aspi-
rations are determining the large and
small vacation trends of 2013. Some are
new. Others have been around but will
becomemore prevalent. Having studied
the predilections of people born be-
tween 1946 and 1964 as if they were a
tribe recently discovered by anthropo-
logists, travel companies are rolling out
services designed to woo and recapture
a generation of travelers.
Boomer or not, here is what all of us
TRAVEL, PAGE 15
NORTHKOREA, PAGE 3
BUSINESS ASIA
Chinese to control strategic port
Pakistan is handing management
control of a commercially troubled
deep-sea port close to the Iranian
border to a Chinese company, hoping it
will invest much-needed funds.
PAGE 14
VIEWS
A culture of victimhood
A deadly riot in a prison in Venezuela
reflects the culture of victimhood
flourishing under Hugo Chávez, Daniel
Lansberg-Rodríguez writes.
PAGE 8
COMING THISWEEKEND
Storming a bastion
The old boys’ club of New York City
theater is changing with the rise of
women directors who are in demand by
veteran and hot young writers.
Hong Kong, the forbidding city
Tommy Bahama, the U.S. clothier, is the
latest retailer to brave the sky-high
rent and scarcity of prime locations in
Hong Kong to establish a name in the
shopping mecca.
PAGE 14
A computer built for tinkering
Raspberry Pi, a tiny, bare-bones
machine that sells for about $35, was
created to teach students how
computers work. Almost a million
people have already bought one.
PAGE 14
ONLINE
The last Andrews Sister dies
Patty Andrews, the last of the
Andrews Sisters, the jaunty vocal trio
whose immensely popular songs like
‘‘BoogieWoogie Bugle Boy (of Company
B)’’ and ‘‘Don’t Sit Under the Apple Tree
(With Anyone Else but Me)’’ became
part of the patriotic fabric of WorldWar
II America, diedWednesday at her
home in Los Angeles. She was 94.
global.nytimes.com/obituaries
RAJESH KUMAR SINGH/REUTERS
WORLDNEWS
Ritual bath
Hindu devotees shed their ties to the material world, down to their
clothing, during the Maha Kumbh festival in Allahabad, India, on Thursday.
Light needed on securities sales
The U.S. government has asserted that
investors in mortgage-backed securities
are at the mercy of brokers. That’s good
reason for the release of data on that
market, Floyd Norris writes.
PAGE 18
Penalties for self-immolations
Two Tibetans received harsh sentences
from a Chinese court for urging eight
people to set themselves on fire.
PAGE 3
Egypt’s factions hold rare talks
Prominent secular critics of President
MohamedMorsi gathered with his
Islamist allies on Thursday.
PAGE 6
NEWSSTAND PRICES
France ¤ 3.00
IN THIS ISSUE
No. 40,401
Books 11
Business 14
Crossword 13
Culture 10
Sports 12
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2
|
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 2013
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
page two
A symbol
of progress,
or villainy?
certain: ‘‘The feeling in Canada over the
past four orfive weeks has become less
optimistic about this thing being built.’’
Jim Flaherty,the Canadian finance
minister, took the sameview. ‘‘I actually
don’t know,’’ he replied,when I asked
him if the Keystone pipelinewould be
built. ‘‘I had reasonfor optimism before
theelection thatthe presidentwould ap-
prove it, were he re-elected.’ ’
But, Mr. Flaherty said,President
Barack Obama’s inaugural address
‘‘was not encouraging.’ ’
Many politicians and business lead-
ers in Canada,whoseeconomy relies
heavily onfossil fuels, have been
caught by surprise by the intenseoppo-
sition to the Keystone pipeline, and to
theoil sands crude itwould carry south.
The paperback edition of Mr.Yergin’s
latest book, ‘‘The Quest,’’ providesa
powerful explanation of that mystery.
‘‘We have to start somewheretoend
the addiction to oil,’ ’ is theway oneen-
vironmentalistexplained the broader
strategy to Mr.Yergin. ‘‘The pipeline is
aconvenient device for fighting a lar-
gerbattle,’’ Mr.Yergin said.
Canadians,who are accustomed to
being thoughtofastheworld’s official
nice guys —think ofallthose students
globe-trotting with maple leaves on
their backpacks — areuncomfortable
with this new role as climate change
villains.(Disclosure: IamaproudCa-
nadian myself.)
‘‘I think it’s a shamethat a one-me-
ter-in-diameter pipe is suddenly having
to wear all of the sins of the carbon
economy,’ ’ Mr. Nenshi said. ‘‘You know,
it’snot clubbing seals with child labor.’ ’
Mr.Yergin agrees. ‘‘Theonething
that doesn’t get much talkedabout is
thatthis oil sands technology continues
to advance, it is not static,’ ’ he said.
‘‘We reachedpeak oil demand in the
U.S. morethan half a decade ago. Our
oil demand is going down. Ourcarsare
getting moreefficient,’’ he said.
‘‘Meanwhile, there is a supply of en-
ergy we do neednow. The real trade-off
is, is it going to be Canadian oil,orisit
going to beVenezuelan oil?’’
Thattrade-off used to beviewedin
primarily strategic terms:Wereour oil
suppliers political friends orfoes? By
that measure, the Canadians score
high. But theWorld Economic Forumat
Davos, Switzerland,of all places,under-
scoredanotherconsequenceof the
North American boominunconvention-
al sources of oil: its impactonjobs.
Participantsfromslow-growth
Europe and morevigorous Asia alike
were dazzledbythe job-creating poten-
tial ofNorth America’srenaissance as
afossil fuelproducer.Moreover,these
jobs happen to bethevery sortthat are
being hollowed out by globalization and
thetechnology revolution: high-pay-
ing, skilled, blue-collar work that can-
not be outsourced ordone by robots.
Which may bewhy the Canadians
are picking upsuch mixedmessages
from theWhite Houseon the Keystone
pipeline. For theAlGorewing of the
Democratic Party, it has become a
symbolic battle in the fighttosave the
planet; for the Joe Biden wing, Key-
stone and theunconventional oil revo-
lutionare asourceof the middle-class
jobs many fearedmodern economies
could no longerprovide.
The pipeline is also alitmus test for
what you think is the most important
problemintheearly 21st century.
Chrystia Freeland is editor of Thomson
Reuters Digital.
Chrystia
Freeland
WAY OF THEWORLD
NEW YORK
Is oil like redmeatorisit
liketobacco? Your answer to that ques-
tiondetermineshow you feelabout the
North American boominunconven-
tional sources offossil fuel, particularly
the Canadian oil sands.
If you think oil is liketobacco, it is a
strictly noxiouscommodity,which seri-
ously harms its users and those around
them.Weshould stopconsuming it at
once and at all costs. But if you think oil
is like redmeat, you take amore nu-
anced view. For the health of the plan-
et, we should find greeneralternatives
to itwhenever we can, but used wisely
and in moderation, it has an honorable
role in the 21st-century economy.
This moralityplayisbeing acted out
with the greatest intensityinthe fight
over the proposedKeystoneXL pipeline,
which would stretch from Canada to the
Texas Gulf Coast. ‘‘Keystone is really a
symbol of oil, it is very emotive,’’ Daniel
Yergin,thePulitzer Prize-winning en-
ergy expert and chairman of IHS Cam-
bridge Energy Research Associates,told
me. ‘‘It is probably the most famous
pipeline in the history of theworld, and
it hasn’t evenbeenbuilt yet. It is a sym-
bolaround which theopponents ofhy-
drocarbonhave rallied.’ ’
Last autumn,the consensus view
was thatthe pipelinewould be ap-
provedafter theU.S. presidential elec-
tion, no matter whowon. In recent
weeks,thoseodds have shifted.
‘‘If you had askedme prior to the
U.S.election, I would’ve said, ‘Of
SAMUEL ARANDA FOR THE NEWYORK TIMES
The scene at Nikkei, an off-the-books restaurant in Barcelona. Hard economic times in Spain have spawned many clandestine enterprises that bypass the authorities and skirt taxes.
Dining
for all but the taxman
be among the most popular among the
clandestineofferings, and though they
are not new in Barcelona,or many other
citiesaround theworld,their purveyors
say theyare providing a neededrefuge
in a country with25percentunemploy-
mentwhereeven Michelin-starredres-
taurantshave beenforced to closeun-
der economic pressure.
Indeed,Mikio said he got the ideafor
Nikkei,which opened last year,whenhe
livedafew years ago in Cuba,where
dining at paladares,or underground
restaurantsinpeoples’ homes,was a
popular way to bypass the authorities
and make some money.
‘‘To begin with, Idid it forfun and to
makeextra money and because people
need innovative low-costoptions in a bad
economy,’ ’ said Mikio, a wiry and jovial
man who heralded each new course by
ringing a loudbell madeofmetal from
his family’s armament factory in Japan.
‘‘But Iprefer to think ofit asasocial
gathering rather thanabusiness.’ ’
The missing revenue from thosewho
do not pay taxesmayamounttoas
much as ¤37 billion,orabout $50 billion,
economistssay, depriving Spain’sdebt-
riddengovernmentofmuch-neededre-
serves.Quantifying the numbers of
these businesses is difficult sincethey
are, by definition,underground. But
economists estimate that Spain’s
‘‘black’’ economy may be as much as a
fifth ofitsgross domestic product.
Beyond avoiding taxes,Mikio said he
was abletokeep the priceslow by buy-
ing productsinbulk from friends at local
wholesale food markets and limiting his
portions.Onarecent night, the place
was crammed withabout 18 people.
Guests included the fishmonger who
had sold him the fish for his sushi (she
got afree meal).
The assembled diners could barely
contain their glee atthe price. A sumptu-
ousbut minimalist nine-course Catalan-
Japanese fusionmeal — including Japa-
nese dumplings; a tropical soupmadeof
pomegranate, ginger and sunflower
seeds; and a smallish portion ofsushi —
cametojust¤23,or $31.
Not all such clandestinevenues skirt
paying taxes, however. Some like La
Contrasenya — inabohemian working-
class neighborhood of Barcelona called
Poblenou — say theydecided to go
underground for the sakeofgenerating
intrigue and cachet to lure increasingly
f
ickle, penny-pinching consumers. That
writers, a teacherandaphotographer.
Theteacher, Ferran Viladevall, said he
was drawnbythe fresh ingredients,
moderate prices and feeling ofspon-
taneity, as well as by the chef,Angela
Vinent, aformerpublic relations execu-
tive-turnedartist(the arton thewalls
was hers), whooncewrote about the af-
termath of Franco years beforetrading
in herpenforakitchen knife.
‘‘If itwasn’t for the crisis I wouldn’t
be doing this,’ ’ said Ms.Vinent, who
startedLaContrasenya last year in
hopes ofsupplementing her income and
attracting frugal-mindedfoodies.
‘‘People come for many reasons, be-
causethe foodisgood, because it is rea-
sonable, and because it is cool.’ ’
Ms.Vinent—chatting warmly with
guests whennot hunched over the stove
— servedahearty and variedhome-
cookedfive-course ‘‘crisis’’ meal — in-
cludingmarinated tuna, creamofpump-
kin curry, fresh bread drenchedin
homemadeolive oil fromher olive tree
in the Spanish Pyrénées, mango sorbet
and goodRioja — all for ¤25.(Thewaif,
Helena,whoturned out to be herdaugh-
ter,was thewaitress.)
Not least because she pays taxes,Ms.
Vincent seemedless concernedabout be-
ing discoveredbythe authorities,while
at Nikkei,Mikio looked outsidewith un-
nerving frequency, fearing that his secret
culinary destinationwould beexposed.
Still, he said, he is becoming more re-
laxed. The place is so in demand, he said,
that heevencountssome bargain-hunt-
i
ng policeofficers among his customers
.
Silvia Taulés contributed reporting.
BARCELONA
Clandestine restaurants
gain new popularity
amid hard times in Spain
BY DAN BILEFSKY
Onasecludedstreet in a dimly lit base-
ment, Mikio, a Japanese-Chilean film-
maker, restaurateur and sometime pro-
fessional clown,warns a small group of
diners to clap raucously and sing ‘‘Happy
Birthday!’’ should the police barge into
his clandestine restaurant, Nikkei.
Mikio, 39, is determined to create the
illusion of a private gathering of friends
at his postmodern speakeasy. The base-
ment is decorated with black-and-white
photographs of his grandparents. Even
a toothbrush is displayedinthe bath-
room. He runs the placeoff the books
and takes only cash. ‘‘Please don’t use
my last name,’’ he said, smiling
nervously. Theowner of the space, an
independent film company, has no idea
what he is up to, he said.
Economic hardship has inspiredafull
rangeof clandestineentrepreneurship
in Spain. The combination of higher
taxes and unemployment has pushed
desperate Spaniards to converttheir
apartments and underused ofts and
warehousesinto jazz clubs, hair salons,
restaurants and even flamenco halls.
Thevenues typically have no listedad-
dresses and are found through word of
mouth or onFacebook and Twitter.
But underground restaurantsseem to
‘‘To begin with, I did it for fun
and to make extra money.’’
BLAIR GABLE/REUTERS
Jim Flaherty, Canada’s finance minister,
is no longer optimistic about the project.
also seems to bethe inspirationfor Ur-
ban Secrets, a clandestine network that
offers secret evenings atvenues across
the city.
Onarecent night at La Contrasenya
(‘‘password’’ in Spanish), agraffiti-
covereddoor slid opena terguests
whispered the password, ‘‘pumpkin,’ ’ in-
to the buzzer. Theywerethen usheredby
a waif withperoxide-blond hair into an
industrial car elevator that took them
two floors up toamoodily lit atelier trans-
formedinto an elegant makeshift restau-
rant filledwithgeometric paintings.
The diners —therewere just two
tablesinthe place—includedseveral
course it’sgoing to be built after the
election, regardless of whowins,’ ’ ’ said
NaheedNenshi,the mayor of Calgary,
Alberta,where many of theoil compa-
nies that are counting onKeystone
have their headquarters.
‘‘If you had askedme immediately
after theU.S.election, I would’ve said,
‘Ofcourse it’sgoing to be built, now that
the immediate political pressure is off,’ ’ ’
he said. But today,Mr. Nenshi is less
Lights out aft
er 1 a.m., France tells shops and offices
ONLINE:
JOIN THE CONVERSATION
Gallows humor, and smog, engulf China
‘‘Ha. One of my vendors told me today that my sample was not arriving
because of the ‘fog’. . .’’
TRUFFLEHOUND, HONG KONG
ihtrendezvous.com
phine Batho, theenvironment minister.
The new law, she said in a statement,
will also cut carbondioxideemissions
by 250,000 tons a year and save the
equivalentof the annual consumption of
750,000 households. It is partofaseries
ofgovernment measures announcedin
December to improve energy efficiency
and reducewaste.
Under the new law, the interior lights
ofnonresidential buildings will have to
beturned off an hourafter the lastwork-
erleaves, and lights onbuilding facades
and in shop windows will have to beex-
tinguishedby1a.m.
Ms. Batho also presented the decree
as a matter ofpublic health.Artificial
lighting can damage sleeppatterns, she
said, and also ‘‘cause significant disrup-
tions on ecosystems by changing com-
municationbetweenspecies, migra-
tions, reproductioncycles or even the
prey-predatorrelationships.’ ’
From the context, it seemedasifshe
was referring to city wildlife, not to
muggers and victims.
PARIS
BY MAÏA DE LA BAUME
The City of Light is about to get dimmer.
As ofJuly, all shops and officesin
Francewill have to shut off their lights
at night, underagovernment decree is-
sued Wednesday.
The decree, from the Environment
Ministry, is intended to save energy and
‘‘reducethe printofartificial lighting on
the nocturnal environment.’’
France is proud ofits lights. Tourists
cherish the Christmas illuminations on
the Champs-Élysées,the 20,000 flashing
bulbs on the EiffelTower and the bright,
imaginative shop windows of large de-
partment stores likePrintemps and
Galeries Lafayette.
Majorattractions likethe EiffelTower
will remain lighted, and the local author-
ities canmakeexceptions for Christmas
lighting and othercelebrations. But
France has decided to be ‘‘a pioneer’’ in
preventing light pollution, said Del-
NOW
with new
zoom
feature
Discover a world
of fashion from
Europe’s golden age
CHARLES PLATIAU/REUTERS
Christmas lights on the Champs-Élysées in Paris. When the decree takes effect in July,
major attractions will stay lighted, and local officials can make exceptions for celebrations.
IN OUR PAGES
✴
100, 75, 50 YEARS AGO
1913 Premier Earl of Scotland Dies
LONDON
The Earl ofCrawford, premier earl of
Scotland and head of the Houseof Lindsay, died
yesterday [Jan. 31] at his Londonresidence, 2Cav-
endish square, in his sixty-sixthyear. Lord Craw-
ford was a distinguishedrepresentative ofavery
ancient family. Hewasarecognizedauthority on
astronomy and also anoted Orientalist. Lord
Crawford devoted himself to astronomy immedi-
ately onleaving TrinityCollege, Cambridge. In
1872he induced his father to erecttheObservatory
ofDunecht, in Aberdeenshire, oneof the finest
private observatoriesintheUnited Kingdom.
1938 More Than 1,100 Jailed in N.Y. Record
NEWYORK
The largest roundupinthe city’s his-
tory packed the jails today [Jan. 31]withmore
than 1,100 alleged criminals, and broughtvolleys
ofprotest and derisionfromcity magistrates.Po-
lice CommissionerLewis J.Valentine’s dramatic
order — ‘‘Arrest all thieves, racketeers and other
criminals!’’—was called everything from‘‘ter-
roristic’’ to ‘‘ridiculous’’ by the police court mag-
istrates. Likethe commissioner’s famous‘‘Muss
’em up!’’ order which launchedaprevious drive,
the assignmentof2, 000 policetocomb the city
came afteraserious outbreak of crime.
1963 Republicans Seek Civil-Rights Program
WASHINGTON
Nine Republicans in the Houseof
Representatives plan to introduce abroad civil
rightsprogram and make as much noise as possi-
ble about it. Although their chances of enacting
the program are small,theycould embarrass the
Kennedy administrationbytheir move. Ledby
Rep. John Lindsay,ofNew York,the Republican
members of the Judiciary Committee will intro-
duce bills to establish a fair employment prac-
ticescommission, give theAttorneyGeneral in-
creasedpower to bring civil actionin
discriminationcases and abolish literacy tests.
WWW.IHTPRINTSTORE.COM
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THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
asia
BRIEFLY
Asia
2 Tibetans
get severe
sentences for
protest roles
BEIJING
BEIJING
14 plead guilty to riot charges
over treatment plant protest
Fourteenpeople pleadedguilty to en-
couraging a riot in eastern China last
year where scores ofpoliceofficers were
hurt and the local CommunistParty
chief was stripped half-nakedinamass
protestthatultimately forced the scrap-
ping ofawastewater treatment project.
Xinhua,the state-runnewsagency,
said the defendants were prosecuted
Wednesday on charges of encouraging
mass violence against government
buildings and intentionally damaging
propertyinQidong, in Jiangsu
Province. The sentences will be an-
nouncedlater,Xinhua said.
Thousands ofpeople stormed the
Qidong municipal government com-
pound and turnedat leastone police car
onits side during the protestonJuly 28.
The demonstrators wereworried that
wastewaterfrom the Japanese company
Oji Paperinthe city ofNantong, located
upstream,would not be cleaned enough
before being dischargedinto the sea.
(AP)
Ruling by Chinese court
seems part of effort to
rein in self-immolations
BY EDWARDWONG
A court in southwestern China handed
downsevere prisonsentences to two
Tibetans who courtofficials said were
guilty of urging eight peopletoself-im-
molate, three of whom had died, accord-
ing to areport Thursday by Xinhua,the
state newsagency.
One Tibetan, Lorang Konchok, 40,
was sentenced to death withatwo-year
reprieve, which oftenmeans the convict
will eventually get a lifetime prisonsen-
tence.
His nephew, Lorang Tsering, 31,was
sentenced to 10 years in prison. TheXin-
huareport said theolder Tibetan was
also being stripped of his ‘‘political
rights’’ for life, whiletheother man
would have his strippedfor three years.
The sentencing took place in Aba Pre-
fectureof Sichuan Province, an areaat
the heartof the recentwave ofself-im-
molations by Tibetans. Nearly 100
Tibetans have set themselves onfire
since 2009 to protest Chinese rule in eth-
nic Tibetan regions,which lie inwestern
China but which many Tibetans say
should be granted independenceor
greaterautonomy.
At least 81 diedfollowing their acts,
according to International Campaign
for Tibet, an advocacy group basedin
London. Few othernations have been
confrontedbysuch a largewave ofself-
immolations as political protest.
Chineseofficials have sentenced
Tibetans beforetoprisonsentencesfor
what courtshave said were he
Tibetans’ rolesinpromoting self-im-
molations, but the most recent sen-
tences were among the harshest. There
now appears to be aconcentrated effort
to rein in the self-immolations,which
gathered pace in late 2012, by criminaliz-
ing the act itself andmaking it a crimeto
help or encourage peopletocommit it.
OnDec. 3, anewspaperinaTibetan
area of GansuProvince publishedaned-
itorial that said China’sSupreme Court,
prosecutionagency and Ministry of
Public Security had issued ‘‘guidelines’’
that said ‘‘the actofself-immolationby
Tibetans is a crime.’’ According to the
newspaper,the guidelines said that as-
sisting or encouraging self-immolations
was consideredintentional homicide,
and thatthosewho committedself-im-
molation were also criminals and pun-
ishable by law if they‘‘have caused
severe damage.’’
TheXinhuareportonThursday said
thatthe two monks ‘‘incited and co-
erced’’ eight peopletoself-immolate,
thatthree committed the act and died
last year, and thattheothers ‘‘willfully’’
abandoned their plans after the police
‘‘intervened.’ ’
The Chinese government has blamed
t
he Dalai Lama,theexiled spiritua
l
CARLOS BARRIA/REUTERS
Thousands had protested in Qidong, China.
BEIJING
Some compensation awarded
for Bo-related sentence
A Chinese man senttoa labor camp for
ajoke about BoXilai said hewas
awarded minimal compensationbya
courtonThursday, in what could be a
blow to others jailedbythe disgraced
leader’s administration and hoping for
substantial damages.
The man, Fang Hong, 46,was sen-
tenced to ayear ofre-educationin2011
afterposting a poem onlinethat
mockedMr. Bo and his police chiefat
thetime, Wang Lijun, for miscarriages
ofjustice during an anti-crime cam-
paign in the southwestern city of
Chongqing,whereMr. Bowas Commu-
nistParty chief.
But Mr. Fang said the court in the
Chongqing county of Dianjiang rejected
his demand for367,000 renminbi,or
about $59,000, in psychological damages.
Instead it gave him 56,764 renminbi, he
said, in the first knowncaseofcompen-
sation linked to Bo-era abuses. It rejec-
ted his pleaforapublic apology.
(REUTERS)
KABUL
U.S. blacklisting of airline
provokes Afghans’ anger
A recent move by theU.S. military to
bar oneof Afghanistan’s major airlines
fromcontractsbecauseofallegations
of narcotics smuggling has causeda
diplomatic firestorm,with Afghan offi-
cials angrily demanding proof and
someAmerican officials quietly critici-
zing thetiming of the decision.
The blacklisting of the airline, Kam
Air, is said to have startedinDecember
and was first reportedbyTheWall
Street Journal. Itsarticle quoted Ameri-
canmilitary officials as saying the ban
on U.S. military contracts was based on
information thatthe airline had carried
‘‘bulk quantities’’ of opiumout of the
country as well as within it.
KamAir officials deny the accusation,
and theAfghan government says it has
no knowledgeofsuch activities.
JAKARTA
Top leader of Islamic party
arrested in corruption inquiry
The Indonesian anti-graft commission
has for the firsttime arrestedatop
leader of an Islamic-based party on
corruption charges.
A Corruption EradicationCommis-
sionspokesman, Johan Budi, said
Thursday that Luthfi Hasan Ishaaq,the
leader of theProsperousJusticeParty,
was arrested onsuspicion ofaccepting
bribes to secure agovernment contract
forIndoguna Utama, ameat importer.
ProsperousJustice is Indonesia’s
largestMuslim-based party and is part
of the coalitiongovernment. Mr. Ishaaq
has deniedanywrongdoing.
(AP)
PARACHINAR, PAKISTAN
Bomb kills 2 polio workers
on vaccination mission
A roadside bomb killed two Pakistani
polioworkers on their way to vaccinate
childreninanorthwestern tribal re-
gionnear theAfghan borderThursday,
an official said.
The two menwereon their way to
Mali Khel village as partof theUnited
Nations-backedanti-polio campaign
when the bomb hittheir motorcycle, said
Yousuf Rahim, agovernment adminis-
trator,who said itwas not clear if the
workers werethe actual target. The at-
tack—thethird this week against polio
workers in Pakistan— took place in the
Kurram region, a militant stronghold.
(AP)
JEONHEON-KYUN/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY
In memoriam
DawAung San Suu Kyi,the Burmeseoppositionleader, burning incense Thursday attheMay 18 National Cemetery in Gwangju, SouthKorea.Ms.Aung
San Suu Kyi was visiting to pay tribute to the hundreds ofSouthKoreans whowere k
illed
inthe cityduring protests againstthemilitary junta ofChunDoo-hwan inMay 1980.
U.S. aims to scrap
ship stuck
on reef
Test could help track
Pyongyang’s progress
NORTHKOREA, FROMPAGE 1
The Northset off its first bomb on Oct.
9, 2006. Surprised analystsjudgedits
strength to be less than one kiloton,or
equal to less than 1,000 tons of high ex-
plosive.
By contrast, the first nuclear blast by
theUnitedStates was morethan 20
timesaspowerful.
Last year, JamesR. Clapper,the di-
rector ofnational intelligence, told Con-
gress that federal analysts had judged
the firstexplosion to be ‘‘a partial fail-
ure.’’
He added thatthe North’ssecond
blast, on May 25, 2009, ‘‘appeared to be
moretechnically successful,’ ’ withan
estimatedyield ofabout two kilotons.
Thatwas more impressive, but China’s
second bomb test, nearly a half-century
ago, was about 20timesaspowerful.
A few analystsargued thatthe North
had intended the blasts to be small. But
more sawunfulfilledhopes.
Now, some revisionismhas set in. Top
American scientistshave questioned
the accuracy of the intelligence commu-
nity’sassessments of thetests, and its
portrayal of the North’snuclear engi-
neers as bumbling amateurs. The split
indicatesjust how difficult it can beto
understand what is happening deep
underground in the famously reclusive
state.
SiegfriedS. Hecker, aStanford profes-
sor who previously directed the Los
AlamosNational Laboratory in New
Mexico, and Frank V. Pabian, asenior
an administrator with the park’s man-
agementoffice. Thevessel’s operators
did not obtain permission to enter the
park, did not pay the fee for entry and
obstructed thework of park rangers,
Ms. Barber said.
‘‘The rangers have aprotocol,’ ’ she
said. ‘‘Theyare required to board and
inspectevery boatthatenters the park.
When the rangers asked theU.S.war-
ship forpermission to board,they were
told to call theU.S. Embassy.’ ’
TheUnitedStatescould be fined$300
persquare meter,orabout $28 per
square foot, of damage donetothe reef.A
full damage assessmentwill not be possi-
bleuntil thevesselisremoved, said Ms.
Barber,who added that park officials had
never encountered a similar situation.
‘‘This is the firsttime a UnitedStates
military ship has entered the park,’ ’ she
said.
TheUnitedStatesisseeking permis-
sionfrom thePhilippine Coast Guard to
dismantle hewooden-hulled ship,
rather than tow or lift itoff the reef, in
order to avoid further damagetothe
coral in the area, CommanderStockman
said. The decision is also a pragmatic
one, as thevesselisno longersea-
worthy, he added.
‘‘The ship has beengrounded since
Jan. 17,’’ he said. ‘‘It has takenabeating
by thewaves and has taken on water.
Thevessel was already a loss.’ ’
TheU.S. Navy has removed as many
items as possible from the ship, in order
to lighten t, and has removedfuel,
solvents and othermaterials that might
causeenvironmental damage, Com-
manderStockman said. Two heavy lift
cranesareenroute fromaU.S. naval fa-
cility in Singaporetostartthe removal
process,whichwill probably take sever-
al weeks.
SenatorLorenLegarda of thePhilip-
pines has calledforaninvestigationinto
the incident.
‘‘Those responsible for the damage
on the Tubbataha Reefshould own up
and pay up,’ ’ she said in a statement.
the pointthat it now may pose a signifi-
cantthreat?
‘‘It’sclear thatthere is now an expec-
tation that his test could cross a
threshold and yield data we haven’t
had,’ ’ said MichaelGreen, aseniordi-
rectorfor Asian affairs in the National
SecurityCouncil under President
GeorgeW.Bush. ‘‘We know alot about
their programs, but not the most impor-
tant part: how far along arethey? And
we won’t know thatuntil they test.’’
Thetest could show, he said, ‘‘wheth-
er theycanbuildabomb that can ap-
proach Hiroshima or Nagasaki levels,
and thatwould tell usalot about how far
theyhave proceeded on weaponiza-
tion.’ ’
Previous testshave obviated the
question of whether the Northiscapa-
bleofsetting offacrude nuclear device.
The far biggerquestioniswhether one
of theworld’spoorest, most backward
nations can makethe kind ofleap that
Pakistan made in the 1990s,whenit
testedabomb and began building an ar-
senal now estimated to bewell in excess
of100 weapons.
TheUnitedStates has already de-
ployed equipmenttomeasurethe future
test, including sensitive sniffing devices
mounted onreconnaissance planes that
may be abletoanswer the question of
whether the North has moved to anew
generation ofhomemadeuranium
weapons.
The Bush administrationaccused the
North of trying to go down that road in
2002, but U.S. intelligence agencies
missedacrucial development in recent
years,the construction of a largeenrich-
ment facilityinthe heartof the North’s
main nuclear reactorsite.
But theAmericans are not theonly
ones who are focused on the North’s
progress.
So is Iran,which has beenstruggling
with the sameuranium technology for
years, but has stoppedshortofconduct-
ing a test.
‘‘They will certainly bewatching,’ ’
said Joseph R. DeTrani,whowas the in-
telligence community’s topNorthKo-
reawatcherformany years andwenton
to run the intelligence groupcreated to
fightweapons proliferation. ‘‘They
wanttosee how itworks, and they want
to see howNorthKoreaistreatedbythe
restof theworld if theydo another
test.’’
TheWhite House has playeddown
thethreat from the North and has re-
peated the mantra that a testwould fur-
ther ‘‘isolate’’ the country, a term that
both theObama and Bush administra-
tions have used,tolittleeffect.
But senior U.S. military commanders
have noted thatthe missilethatthe
North testedinDecember,which went
as far as thePhilippines and launcheda
small, light satellite, was a success — a
notable change afterseveral missiles
fell quickly into the sea.
Similarly, many nuclear experts
viewed the North’s first two nuclear ex-
plosions as laughable flops, if not com-
plete failures.
MANILA
Navy has asked Manila
for permission to take
apart disabled vessel
BY FLOYDWHALEY
TheU.S. Navy has decided to scrap a
$277 million minesweeperstuck onan
environmentally sensitive Philippine
reef, aspokesman said Thursday,while
Philippineofficials examinedpotential
legal violations and fines to be levied
againsttheUnitedStates.
‘‘The plan is to dismantlethe ship into
three pieces and remove the sections by
crane,’’ said Lt. Cmdr. JamesStockman,
a U.S. Navypublic affairs officer tempo-
rarily basedattheU.S. Embassy in Ma-
nila.
The complete loss ofanavy ship due
to an accident during peacetime ‘‘is a
rarity,’ ’ he said.
The 224-foot, or68-meter,U S.S.
Guardian struck the Tubbataha Reef, a
UnescoWorld Heritage site in the
southern Philippines,onJan. 17. Accord-
ing to Unesco, the areaishometomore
than 350 species ofcoral and almost 500
types of fish, as well as whales, dolphins
and turtles.
The navyisinvestigating the causeof
the incident, including the possibility
that
Nearly 100 Tibetans have set
themselves on fire since 2009
to protest Chinese rule. At
least 81 of them died.
leader of the Tibetans, for encouraging
the self-immolations,even though the
Dalai Lama has not made any explicit
statementsinsupportof the acts.
Tibetans have said in interviews that
the self-immolations are genuine self-
expressions ofpolitical anger and frus-
trationat Chineseoppression and are
not the resultofplotshatchedbysenior
monks or other Tibetan leaders.
The two monks sentencedinAba,
which Tibetans called Ngaba,were de-
tainedinAugust 2012, according to are-
port in DecemberbyXinhua. Both
monks are from Kirti Monastery,which
was a site central to theearliest self-im-
molations. ThatXinhuareport said that
Lorang Konchock became involvedin
promoting self-immolations afterbeing
contactedbya‘‘Tibetan independence
organization’’ tied to the Dalai Lama.
Xinhua said the contact took place
afterFebruary 2009,whenayoung
monk fromKirti namedTapeyset fireto
himself outsidethe monastery. Tapey
did not die, but the second Tibetan to
committhe act, Phuntsog, also from
Kirti, killed himself inMarch 2011.
After Phuntsog’sdeath, acourt sen-
tenced three monks to lengthy prison
sentences, in whatwerethe first legal
punishments handed out in relation to
the self-immolations. Two monks were
found guilty ofinvolvement in Phunt-
sog’sself-immolation and anothermonk,
an uncleof Phuntsog, forrefusing to turn
his body over to the police atthetime.
The Tibetans who have self-immol-
atedhave come fromavariety of back-
grounds. Theyhave includedmen and
women, young and old, clergy and lay
people. So far this year, at leastthree
Tibetans have self-immolated, all men.
The second one, Tsering,who killed him-
self in Ngaba PrefectureonJan. 18,was
survivedbyawife and two children.
inaccurate
digital
navigation
charts were a factor.
The announcement Thursday came
as the two allies grappled with the in-
creasingly costly and embarrassing in-
cident. Upon arrival in Manila onTues-
day, a U.S. congressional delegation
headedbyRepresentative Ed Royce,
the chairman of the House Foreign Af-
fairs Committee, expressedregret over
the incident.
Managers of the Tubbataha Reefs
Natural Park have identifiedat least
three legal violations committedbythe
navy vessel, according to Grace Barber,
‘‘We know a lot about their
programs, but not the most
important part: how far along
are they? And we won’t know
that until they test.’’
adviser onnuclear nonproliferationat
Los Alamos, reanalyzed the global
measurements of the distant rumblesin
NorthKorea and concluded thatWest-
ern observers had underestimated the
power of the blasts.
Their findings, publishedrecently in
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,
said the firsttest could have yieldedan
explosion of up to one kiloton, and the
second of up to seven kilotons.
In an interview, Dr. Hecker said the
higherfigure suggested thatthe North
Koreans were much closer to being able
to produce a true weapon than first
thought.
‘‘If theycando four,’ ’ Dr. Hecker said
of the NorthKoreans, ‘‘theycando 20,’’
roughly the size of theweapon that
leveled Hiroshima, Japan.
Ashe acknowledges,the measure-
mentsare still in dispute. Nuclear ex-
pertsatthe Lawrence Livermore Na-
tional Laboratory in California, Los
Alamos’slongtime rival, did their own
reassessments and kepttotheview that
the firsttests were small. The intelli-
gence divisions of those two laborato-
riesprovidethe government’s scientific
estimates offoreign nuclear threats.
‘‘We haven’t been abletoresolve the
issue,’’ Dr. Hecker said.
MARTIN CUENCA/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY
A Malaysian tugboat, right, preparing to remove fuel and equipment from the U.S. Navy
minesweeper Guardian, which ran aground on a reef in the southern Philippines on Jan. 17.
..
4
|
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 2013
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
world news
asia africa
A powerf
ul tool in malnutrition fight: Antibiotics
Somalia
to prosecute
woman over
rape claim
BY DENISE GRADY
Two studies of malnourished children
offer the first majornew scientific find-
ings in a decade about the causes and
treatmentofsevere malnutrition,which
affectsmorethan 20 million children
around theworld and contributes to the
deaths ofmorethan a millionayear.
Merely giving childrenacheap antibiot-
ic along with theusual nutritional treat-
ment could save tens of thousands of
livesayear, researchers found.
The studies, in Malawi, led by scien-
tistsfrom Washington UniversityinSt.
Louis,Missouri, reveal that severe mal-
nutrition ofteninvolvesmorethan a
lack offood, and that feeding alone may
not cure it.
The antibiotic study found that aweek
of the medicine raisedsurvival and re-
covery rates whengivenatthe startofa
longercourseofatasty‘‘therapeutic
food’’ made frompeanut butterfortified
with milk powder,oil, sugar and micro-
nutrients.Malnourished childrenare
pronetoinfections, and the drugs —
eitheramoxicillin orcefdinir —were so
helpful that researchers said medical
practice should change immediately to
include an antibiotic in the routinetreat-
mentofsevere malnutrition.
‘‘This is ready for primetime,’’ said
Dr. Indi Trehan, an author of the study.
The study was published Wednesday in
The New England Journal of Medicine.
The seniorauthorisDr.Mark J.Man-
ary, an experton malnutrition and one
of the pioneers in using the fortifiedpea-
nut butter,which researchers say has
savedcountless lives.
Becauseof the results,theWorld
Health Organization expects to recom-
mend broader useofantibiotics in
guidelines on treating malnutrition that
aretobe issuednext month, said Zita
WeisePrinzo, a technical officerinthe
group’snutritiondepartment. A week’s
worth ofdrugs costs only a few dollars,
so governments and donors are likely to
acceptthe idea, researchers say.
The second study shows, for the first
time, that an imbalance in bacterial pop-
ulations in the gut may contribute to a
severe form of malnutritionca ed
kwashiorkor.
NAIROBI
Rights groups say move
will set back effort to help
victims come forward
BY JEFFREY GETTLEMAN
The Somali government, inamove that
has outragedhuman rightsgroups, has
chargedawoman who said shewas
gang-rapedbysoldiers with making a
false accusation and having ‘‘insulted
and lowered the dignity ofaNational In-
stitution,’ ’ crimes that couldmeanmany
years in prison.
Thewoman’shusband has also been
jailed —essentially for backing up his
wife’sallegations — as has a Somali
journalistwho interviewed thewoman,
even though he neverpublishedanyin-
formation.
The Somali government said thatthe
woman was lying for financial gain and
that she later admitted that herstory
was ‘‘bogus.’ ’
But Somali advocacy groups criti-
cized the government’s hard lineon the
case, which they said would prompt
many rapevictims to remain silent de-
spite years of trying to empower them
to come forward.
‘‘Womenare now asking me, ‘Who’s
going to protectus?’’’ said Fartuun
Adan,who runsashelterforabused
womeninSomalia. ‘‘They’re saying,
‘What arewesupposed to do?’’’
There is no question that rape by
armedmenisaseriousprobleminSo-
malia.Although Somalia has become sig-
nificantly more stable, there are still
thousands ofyoung women ving in
squalid displaced-persons camps and
loose bands ofsoldiers and othergunmen
roaming aroundwithheavyweapons,es-
sentially doing as theyplease.
This week, a U.N.official reported
morethan 1,100 cases ofsexual violence
last year in Somalia, afigurethatthe
UnitedNations considers alarming but
an underestimation.
When President Hassan Sheikh Mo-
hamud took office last year, he an-
nounced that his governmentwas com-
mitted to cracking down on rapists and
protecting vulnerablewomen.
But in the past fewweeks, Somali gov-
ernmentofficials have aggressively
pursued thewoman who madethe re-
cent rape allegation, saying that hersto-
ry was ‘‘simply baseless’’ and that a
medical examinerconfirmedshe had
not beenraped.
Several people inMogadishu, the cap-
ital,who have met thewoman said she
was forcedbythe policetorecant. The
woman,whose identity has beenre-
leasedbythe Somali government but is
being withheld by The NewYork Times,
is 27 years old and has beenliving in a
displaced-persons camp in Mogadishu
withseveral young children. She said
shewas rapedinAugust by five mem-
bers of the government’ssecurityser-
vices who forcedherat gunpoint into an
abandoned school and then took turns
assaulting her.
Herprosecution appears to be linked
to an article by AlJazeera published on
Jan. 6 that detailedrape allegations
KHALED ABDULLAH/REUTERS
A mother with her malnourished children in Yemen. Malnutrition affects more than 20 million children around the world and contributes to the deaths of more than a million a year.
And it found thatthe fortifiedpeanut
buttercould help restorethe proper bal-
ance. But the seniorauthor of the study,
Dr. JeffreyI. Gordon, said that for the
improvementtolast, it may be neces-
sary to continue the feeding forlonger
than the fewmonths that is now custom-
ary. Eventually, he said, it may be possi-
bletohelp childrenwithkwashiorkorby
giving them the bacteria they lack, but
such treatmentshave not beende-
velopedyet. The study was published
onWednesday in the journal Science.
A researchernot involved in the
study, Dr. David Relman ofStanford
University,whowrote acommentary in
Science, called the findings remarkable,
and he said theyprovidedhopethat an
improved understanding of the gut
microbiome could lead to better treat-
mentsfor malnutrition.
Bothstudiesgrewout ofatroubling ob-
servation.Although useof theenriched
peanut butter — knownasready to use
therapeutic food —wasahuge advance
during the past decade, some malnour-
ished childrendieddespite receiving it,
or did not grow or gain weight as well as
expected. Researchers have long suspec-
ted that factors beyond lack offood were
involved, like infections orgut problems
that interferedwithnutrient absorption.
The healthauthorities already recom-
mend that children sick enough to be
hospitalizedfor malnutritionbe given
antibiotics routinely, and some doctors
have advocated even wider use in mal-
nourished children outsidethe hospital.
But until now, the practice had not been
testedinacontrolled, rigorous way.
Hackers in
China attack
ed New York Times for 4 months
CHINA, FROMPAGE 1
stance, thetrade group workedclosely
with theF.B.I.toseal its systems, accord-
ing to chamber employees. But months
later,the chamber discovered that Inter-
net-connecteddevices—a thermostat in
oneofitscorporate apartments and a
printerinits offices—were still commu-
nicating withcomputers in China.
In parttopreventthat from happen-
ing, The Timesallowed hackers to spin a
digital webforfourmonths to identify
every digital back door the hackers
used. Itthenreplaced every comprom-
isedcomputer and set upnew defenses
in hopes ofkeeping hackers out.
‘‘Attackers target companiesforarea-
son—evenifyou kick themout, theywill
try to get back in,’ ’ saidNick Bennett, the
securityconsultantwho has managed
Mandiant’sinvestigation. ‘‘We wanted to
make surewehad full grasp of theextent
of their access sothatthe nexttimethey
try to come in,wecan respond quickly.’ ’
Based onaforensic analysis going
back months, it appears the hackers
broke into The Timescomputers on
Sept. 13,when the reporting for theWen
articles was nearing completion. They
set upat leastthree back doors into
users’ machines thatthey usedasadi-
gital base camp. From there, they
snoopedaround The Times’s systems
forat least two weeks beforetheyidenti-
fied the domain controller that contains
user names and hashed,or scrambled,
passwords for every Times employee.
While hashes make hackers’ break-ins
more difficult, hashed passwords can
easily be cracked using so-called rain-
bow tables—readily available databases
of hash valuesfornearly every alphanu-
meric charactercombination,up to acer-
tain length. Some hacker Websitespub-
lish as many as 50 billion hash values.
Investigators found evidencethatthe
attackers cracked the passwords and
used them to gain access to anumber of
computers. Theycreatedcustomsoft-
warethat allowed them to search for
and grab Mr. Barboza’s and Mr.Yard-
ley’s e-mails and documentsfroma
Times e-mail server.
Over the courseof three months, at-
tackers installed45pieces ofcustom
malware. The Times—which usesanti-
virusproducts made by Symantec —
found only one instance in which Sy-
mantecidentifiedanattacker’ssoft-
ware as malicious and quarantinedit,
according to Mandiant.
ASymantecspokesman said that, as a
matter ofpolicy,the company doesnot
commentonitscustomers.
The attackers were particularly ac-
tive in the periodafter theOct. 25 publi-
cation ofThe Timesarticle about Mr.
Wen’srelatives,especially on theeven-
ing of the Nov. 6presidential election.
That raisedconcerns among Timesse-
nior editors who had been informed of
the attacks thatthe hackers mighttry to
shut down the newspaper’s electronic
or print publishing system. But the at-
tackers’ movementssuggested thatthe
primary target remained Mr. Barboza’s
e-mail correspondence.
‘‘Theycould have wreakedhavoc on
our systems,’ ’ said Marc Frons,the
Times’s chief information officer. ‘‘But
thatwas not whatthey were after.’ ’
Whatthey appeared to be looking for
werethe names ofpeoplewho might
have provided information to Mr. Bar-
boza.
Mr. Barboza’sresearch on the stories,
as reportedpreviously in The Times,
was based onpublic records, including
thousands ofcorporate documents
through China’sState Administration
forIndustry and Commerce. Those doc-
uments —which are availabletolaw-
yers and consulting firms foranominal
fee—wereused to tracethe business in-
terests ofrelatives of Mr.Wen.
A TRICKY SEARCH
Tracking the sourceofanattack to one
group orcountry can be difficult be-
cause hackers usually try to cloak their
identities and whereabouts.
To run their Times spying campaign,
the attackers usedanumber ofcom-
promisedcomputer systems registered
to universitiesinNorth Carolina,Ari-
zona,Wisconsin andNewMexico, aswell
as smallercompanies and Internet ser-
vice providers across theUnitedStates,
according toMandiant’sinvestigators.
The hackers also continually
switchedfrom one I.P. address to anoth-
er; an I.P. address, forInternet protocol,
is a unique numberidentifying each In-
ternet-connecteddevice from the bil-
lions around the globe, sothat messages
and other informationsent by one
device are correctly routed to theones
meanttoget them.
Using universitycomputers as prox-
ies and switching I.P. addresses were
simply efforts to hidethe sourceof the
attacks,which investigators say is
China. The pattern thatMandiant’s ex-
pertsdetectedclosely matched the pat-
tern of earlierattacks traced to China.
AfterGooglewas attackedin2010 and
the Gmail accounts of Chinese human
rightsactivists wereopened, for ex-
ample, investigators were abletotrace
the source to two educational institu-
tions in China, including onewith ties to
the Chinese military.
Security expertssaythat by routing
attacks through servers in othercoun-
tries and outsourcing attacks to skilled
hackers,the Chinese militarymaintains
plausible deniability.
‘‘If you lookateach attack in isolation,
you can’t say, ‘This is the Chinese mili-
tary,’ ’ ’ said Richard Bejtlich,Mandi-
ant’s chiefsecurity officer.
But when thetechniques and patterns
of the hackers are similar, it is a sign
thatthe hackers arethe sameor affili-
ated.
‘‘Whenyou see the same groupsteal
data on Chinese dissidents and Tibetan
activists,thenattack an aerospace com-
pany, it starts to push you in the right di-
rection,’ ’ he said.
Mandiant has been tracking about 20
groups that are spying on organizations
insidetheUnitedStates and around the
globe. Itsinvestigators said that based
on theevidence—the malwareused,
the command and controlcenters com-
promised and the hackers’techniques
—The Times was attackedbyagroup of
Chinese hackers thatMandiant refers to
internally as ‘‘A.P.T. Number12.’ ’
A.P.T. stands for Advanced Persistent
Threat, a term that computersecurity
experts and governmentofficials useto
describe a targetedattack and that
many say has become synonymous
withattacks done by China.AT&T and
the F.B.I. have been tracking the same
group,which theyhave alsotraced to
China, but they usetheir owninternal
designations.
Mandiant said the group had been
‘‘very active’’ and had brokeninto hun-
dreds of other Western organizations,
including several U.S. military contrac-
tors.
To get rid of the hackers, The Times
blocked the compromised outside com-
puters, removed every back doorinto
itsnetwork, changed every employee
password and wrapped additional secu-
rityaround its systems.
Fornow, that appears to haveworked,
but investigators and Times executives
say theyanticipate moreeffortsby
hackers.
‘‘This is not theend of the story,’ ’ said
Mr. Bejtlich of Mandiant. ‘‘Oncethey
take a liking to a victim,they tend to
come back. It’snot like a digital crime
casewherethe intruders steal stuff and
then they’re gone. This requiresanin-
ternal vigilance model.’ ’
They appeared to be looking
for names of people who might
have provided information.
istry ofNational Defense said, ‘‘Chinese
lawsprohibit any action including hack-
ing that damagesInternet security.’ ’ It
added that ‘‘to accusethe Chinese mili-
tary oflaunching cyberattacks without
solid proofisunprofessional and base-
less.’ ’
A ForeignMinistry spokesman, Hong
Lei, said Thursday at aroutine news
briefing, ‘‘To rashly jump to conclusions
based oninvestigationresults which
have not beenprovedbyevidence is
totally irresponsible behavior,’ ’ Reuters
reportedfromBeijing.
The attacks appear to be partofa
broadercomputer espionage campaign
againstU.S. newsmedia companies that
have reported on Chinese leaders and
corporations.
Last year, Bloomberg News was tar-
geted by Chinese hackers, and some
employees’ computers were infected,
according to apersonwithknowledgeof
the company’sinternal investigation,
afterBloomberg publishedanarticleon
June 29 about thewealthaccumulated
by relatives of Xi Jinping, China’s vice
president atthetime. Mr.Xibecame
general secretary of the Communist
PartyinNovember and is expected to
become president in March. Ty Trippet,
aspokesman forBloomberg, confirmed
that hackers had made attemptsbut
said that ‘‘no computer systems orcom-
puters were compromised.’ ’
SIGNS OF A CAMPAIGN
The mounting number ofattacks that
have been traced back to China suggest
that hackers there are behind a far-
reaching spying campaign aimedat an
expanding set of targets including corpo-
rations, government agencies, activist
groups and media organizations inside
theUnitedStates. The intelligence-gath-
ering campaign, foreign policy experts
and computersecurityresearchers say,
is asmuch about trying to control China’s
public image, domestically and abroad,
as it is about stealing trade secrets.
Security experts said that beginning
in 2008, Chinese hackers began going
after Western journalists as partofan
efforttoidentify and intimidate their
sources and contacts, and to anticipate
stories that might damagethe reputa-
tions of Chinese leaders.
InaDecemberintelligence report for
clients,Mandiant said that over the
courseofseveral investigations it found
evidence hat Chinese hackers had
stolen e-mails, contacts and filesfrom
morethan 30 journalists and executives
atWestern news organizations, and had
maintained a ‘‘short list’’ ofjournalists
whose accounts theyrepeatedly attack.
While computersecurity expertssay
China is most active and persistent, it is
not alone in using computerattacks for
a variety ofnational purposes, including
corporate espionage. TheUnitedStates,
Israel, Russia and Iran, among others,
are suspected ofdeveloping and deploy-
ing cyberweapons.
TheUnitedStates and Israelhave nev-
erpublicly acknowledgedit, but evidence
indicates theyreleasedasophisticated
computer virusin2012 that attacked and
caused damage at Iran’s main nuclear
enrichment plant. Iran is believed to
have responded withcomputerattacks
on targetsintheUnitedStates, including
U.S. banks and foreign oil companies.
Russia is suspected ofhaving used
computerattacks during its war with
Georgia in 2008.
The following accountof the attack on
The Times —which is based oninter-
views with Times executives, reporters
and security experts — providesa
glimpse into one such spy campaign.
AfterThe Timeslearned of warnings
from Chinese governmentofficials that
itsinvestigation of thewealth of Mr.
Wen’s elatives would ‘‘have con-
sequences,’ ’ executives on Oct. 24 asked
AT&T,which monitors The Times’s
computernetwork,towatch for unusual
activity.
On Oct. 25,the day the articlewas
published online, AT&T informedThe
Times that it had noticedbehavior that
was consistentwith otherattacks be-
lieved to have beenperpetratedbythe
Chinese military.
The Timesnotified and voluntarily
briefed the F.B.I. about the attacks and
then — not initially recognizing theex-
tentof the infiltration ofitscomputers—
worked with AT&T to track the attack-
ers evenasittried to eliminate them
fromits systems.
But onNov.7,whenit became clear
that attackers were still inside its sys-
tems despite efforts to expel them, The
Times hired Mandiant, which special-
izesinresponding to securitybreaches.
Since learning of the attacks, The Times
— firstwith AT&T and then withMandi-
ant—has monitoredattackers as they
have movedaround its systems.
Hacker teams regularly began work,
for the most part, at 8a.m. Beijing time.
Usually theycontinuedforastandard
work day, but sometimes the hacking
persisted until midnight. Occasionally,
the attacks stoppedfor two-weekperi-
ods,Mandiant said,though the reason
was not clear.
Investigators still do not know how
hackers initially broke into The Times’s
systems. Theysuspectthe hackers used
aso-calledspear-phishing attack, in
which theysend e-mails to employees
that contain malicious links orattach-
ments.All ittakesisone click on thee-
mail by an employee for hackers to install
‘‘remote access tools’’—orRATs. Those
tools can siphon off oceans ofdata —
passwords, keystrokes, screen images,
documents and, in some cases, record-
ings fromcomputers’ microphonesand
Webcameras — and send the informa-
tion back to the attackers’Webservers.
Michael Higgins, chiefsecurity of-
ficerat The Times, said: ‘‘Attackers no
longergo after ourfirewall. Theygo
after individuals. Theysend a malicious
pieceofcodetoyour e-mail account and
you’reopening it and letting themin.’ ’
LYING INWAIT
Once hackers get in, it can be hard to get
them out. In the caseofa2011 breach at
theU.S. Chamber ofCommerce, forin-
‘‘Women are now asking me,
‘Who’s going to protect us?’’’
against government soldiers and appar-
ently embarrassed the new govern-
ment, which has recently been making
the rounds withdonornations, asking
for millions to help rebuild Somalia.
But AlJazeera did not base itsarticle
on thewoman’sallegations.After the ar-
ticle appeared, policeofficials found out
thatthewoman had accusedgovern-
ment soldiers ofrape and then theyar-
rested AbdiazizAbdinur Ibrahim, afree-
lance journalistwhohad interviewedher,
even though he did not work with AlJaz-
eera orpublish any of his information.
Mr. Ibrahim, 25, has been in jail for
morethan two weeks, along with the
woman’shusband. Thethree appeared
in courtonTuesday,with two others
connected to the case. More hearings
areexpectednextweek.
In the recent past, theworst culprit
forrape in Somalia was the militant
group Al Shabab,which presenteditself
as a morally righteousrebelforce and
the defender of Islam,even though it
had beenseizing women and girls as
spoils of war, gang-raping and abusing
them as partofitsreign of terror.
But as Al Shabab has beenpushed out
frommostof the areas itonce controlled
by African Union troops, government
forcesare now a biggerproblemin
terms ofpreying upondefenseless civil-
ians, human rightsadvocatessay.
Lisa Shannon, an American who co-
founded SisterSomalia, an organization
that helps rapevictims, recently visited
Mogadishu, where she heardmany alle-
gations ofgovernment soldiers’ gang-
raping women.
She said the attacks were ‘‘happening
in camps, happening around town; it has
not sloweddownat all.’ ’ She called the
case againstthewoman who madethe
recent rape allegationa‘‘huge red flag.’ ’
‘‘It’s takenalong timetoget women
in Somalia to speak openly about this,’ ’
Ms. Shannon said Wednesday. ‘‘Now
theyare all terrified.’ ’
KEYUR KHAMAR/BLOOMBERG NEWS
The personal computers that Chinese hackers gained access to were mostly outside the
newsroom of The New York Times, whose headquarters stands in Manhattan.
..
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 2013
|
5
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
africa europe united states
world news
BRIEFLY
Europe
Lawsuit o
n drone strike death worries U.S. allies
Europeans who share
intelligence fear that
they could be charged
Russia cancels agreement
with U.S. on crime fighting
PrimeMinister Dmitri A. Medvedev
has announced that Russia would can-
celdecade-long agreementwith the
UnitedStates that calledforcoopera-
tion onlawenforcementefforts includ-
ing drugcontrol and combating human
trafficking.
Alexei Pushkov, amember of Parlia-
ment, said thatthe agreementwas out-
dated and that Russia could afford to
fight crimeonits own.
Thetermination of the agreementon
Wednesday was the latestexampleof
strainedrelations between theUnited
States and Russia. Relations between
the two countrieshave been particu-
larly troubled since December,when
theUnitedStatesadoptedalaw aimed
at punishing Russian human rightsab-
users.
MADRID
Rajoy and governing party
deny paper’s fraud charges
PrimeMinister Mariano Rajoy and
Spain’sgoverning Popular Party
deniedThursday thatthe party made
paymentsfrombusiness donors to the
prime minister and other partyleaders
after the newspaperElPaís published
what it said were secret partyaccounts.
El País published images of excerpts
of almost two decades of handwritten
accounts that it said were maintained
by Popular Party treasurers, showing
donations fromcompanies, mostly
builders, and regular payments of thou-
sands of euros to Mr. Rajoy and other
partyleaders. The party said in a state-
ment Thursday that itspayments to
leaders and staff were always legal and
followed tax rules.
(REUTERS)
MOSCOW
Punk band loses appeal of Internet ban
The Russian punk band Pussy Riot lost
an appeal against an Internet ban onits
music videos, including one showing a
protest song for which three band
members were jailed.AMoscow city
courtupheld onWednesday a lower
court’sNovemberdecisiondeeming
thevideos‘‘extremist,’’ rejecting an ap-
peal by one band member,who said the
ban violatedfreedom ofspeech.
(REUTERS)
BY RAVISOMAIYA
The death of Malik Daud Khan, a Paki-
stani tribal elder, in a C.I.A. drone strike
might have remained widely unre-
marked upon, lost amid thousands of
others analystshave talliedintheU.S.
drone campaign, had not the British
courtsbeenbrought into it.
The drone strike, which killed Mr.
Khan and dozens of others at a tribal
council meeting in North Waziristan in
2011, spawnedalawsuitthat accuses
British officials ofbecoming ‘‘second-
ary parties to murder’’ by passing intel-
ligencetoAmerican officials thatwas
later usedindrone strikes.
The case has put aspotlightoninter-
national intelligence-sharing agree-
ments that have long been praisedbyof-
ficials as vital links in the global fight
againstterrorist groups, but that rights
advocates criticize as a way for Britain
and otherEuropean countries to reap
the benefits of the contentiousdrone
programwithout itspolitical costs.
Judges in Britain have yet to decide
whether to hear the case, brought for-
ward by Mr. Khan’sson, Noor Khan, a
British citizen.(They initially declined,
but are considering an appeal thatwas
lodgedinJanuary.) It has caused a par-
ticular sensation,though, because it
raises the prospectoflegal liabilityfor
European officials by linking them to a
U.S. drone campaign that is widely seen
as publicly unpalatable, or simply illeg-
al, in their home countries.
In interviews, current and former
British government and intelligenceof-
ficials, someof whom workedclosely
with theUnitedStatesafter the drone
campaign’s inceptionin2004, said Brit-
ain doesprovide intelligencetothe
UnitedStates that is almost certainly
used to target strikes.Many in the Brit-
ish intelligence community, said one
person withdetailedknowledgeofin-
ternal discussions, are now distinctly
worried they may face prosecution.
‘‘The policy ondrones and torture is
clear:Wedon’t do any ofit,’’ said one
former British counterterrorism official.
‘‘But if we pick up onsome hostile phone
chatter and we pass the number on to
theAmericans,whothen pinpointthe
phone and target the person, did we
provide intelligence for the killing?’’ The
YAHYA ARHAB/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY
Protesting U.S. drone attacks in Yemen in December. The son of a man killed in a strike in Pakistan says the sharing of intelligence makes British officials ‘‘secondary parties to murder.’’
official, likeothers interviewed on the is-
sue, spokeon the condition ofanonymity
becauseof the legal delicacy of the case.
The C.I.A. declined to comment. But
BruceO.Riedel, aformerC.I.A. officer
and the author of ‘‘Deadly Embrace:
Pakistan,America, and the Futureof
the Global Jihad,’ ’ said, ‘‘The British are
ourmost important partnerinthewar
againstAl Qaeda in all respects.’ ’
The British government, according to
the response it filedinMr. Khan’scase,
now refuses to discuss the matter and
‘‘neitherconfirms nordenies’’ what it
carefully characterizes as ‘‘any such al-
legedactivities.’ ’
Britain’s history and expertise in
South Asiameans thatthe intelligence it
gathers in Pakistan,Afghanistan and
thetribal areas in between is in high de-
mand, saidRichardAldrich, professor of
international securityattheUniversity
of Warwick. The arrangement has been
focusedrecently by a chill in relations
between theUnitedStates andPakistan,
and by the shared war in Afghanistan.
‘‘There’savery high volumeofintelli-
gence shared, someof which is collected
automatically, so it’s impossibletotrack
whatevery piece is potentially used
for,’ ’ saidMr.Aldrich,who is alsothe au-
thor of a history of the Government
Communications Headquarters, he
British signal-intelligence agency.
Othernations, too, intercept commu-
nications in the region that are shared
broadly with theUnitedStates, he said.
In Afghanistan, for example, German
and Dutch forcesrun aggressive elec-
tronic interception operations, he said,
becausetheir rules oncollaborating
withlocal interpreters are less stringent
than thoseof theUnitedStates.
A spokesman for the coalitionforces
in Afghanistan, Lt. Col. Lester Carroll,
declined to give details about intelli-
gence sharing, saying agreements were
classified. But he confirmed thatAmer-
ican military forces‘‘do share informa-
tion with other U.S. governmentorgani-
zations onaneed-to-know basis.’ ’
Few argue againstthe notion that
European nations, many of which have
beenattackedbyterrorists, have bene-
fitedfrom the drone killing, however
controversial,of many of the most
hardened Islamic extremist leaders.
Thethreat levelforinternational ter-
rorism in Britain was reduced to ‘‘sub-
stantial,’ ’ the middleoffive ratings, in
July 2011.
The switch was due largely to the ‘‘re-
moval of operational planners’’ through
drone strikesinPakistan’s tribal areas
and Yemen, aformerseniorintelligence
official said.
Eric Schmitt contributed reporting.
BRIEFLY
Africa
Obama takes a firm hand
on immigration overhaul
What do
Which of the f
among thevery voters theycovet.
The principles Mr.Obama embraced
differinsome central ways from theef-
fortunder way in the Senate, where
MarcoRubio, Republican ofFlorida, and
CharlesE. Schumer, DemocratofNew
York, and six othersenators arework-
ing toward a bill that could be debated
and voted onasearly as this summer.
Mr. Rubio and theothersenators have
said illegal immigrantswould not be giv-
enapathway to citizenship until the gov-
ernment had takencertain measures —
so far unspecified —tosecurethe bor-
der. TheWhite House fears that could
become asourceof endless delays for
immigrants eager to become citizens.
The Senate outline also includesaguest
workerprogram forlow-incomework-
ers, something Mr.Obama and his allies
have beenconcernedabout in the past.
In legislative fights overhealthcare
and stimulusspending in his firstterm,
the president and his teamearnedscorn
from their ownsupporters forbeing too
willing to compromise. Liberal activists
who helped Mr.Obama get electedin
2008 criticized him for trading away a
public insuranceoption to secure pas-
sageof theAffordable CareAct. But im-
migrationadvocates and White House
officials say the dynamic is different
now. With his re-electionsecured and
the Republicans’electoral problems ob-
vious,the president is more likely to
stand his ground,theysay.
‘‘Theyknow thatthe political mo-
mentumison their side,’’ said an immi-
grant advocate whose group participat-
edinconference calls with White House
officials lastweek. ‘‘Theyare prettycon-
fidentthattheyhave abroad cross sec-
tion ofcivil societybehind him on this.’ ’
AskedfWhite House fficials
seemed willing to compromisetoen-
sure passage, the advocate said, ‘‘That
is not the messageweheard at all.’ ’
Mr.Obama, in an interview Wednes-
day with the Spanish-language network
Univision, rejected Mr. Rubio’s crit-
icism that hewas not paying enough at-
tention to bordersecurity.
‘‘We have done moreonbordersecu-
rityinthe last fouryears than we have
done in the previous20,’’ the president
said. ‘‘We’ve actually done almost ev-
erything that Republicans asked to be
done several years ago as a precondi-
tion to move forward oncomprehensive
immigrationreform.’ ’
Inastatement, Mr. Rubio said hewas
‘‘concerned’’ byMr.Obama’s unwilling-
ness to require bordersecurity en-
hancement before illegal immigrants
areeligible forcitizenship.Mr. Rubio
told Rush Limbaugh,the conservative
radio host, thatthe president could
‘‘eitherdecide hewants to be partofa
solution,orhe can decidethat hewants
to be partofapolitical issue.’’
WASHINGTON
you think?
He pushes fast action
and changes beyond
what senators offer
PARIS
France backs idea of sending
U.N. peacekeepers into Mali
DefenseMinisterJean-YvesLe Drian
onThursday backed the idea ofsend-
ing a UnitedNations force into Mali,
saying that Francewould play a role in
any such plan.
U.N.envoys said theU.N. Security
Council would begin discussing the pos-
sibility ofdeploying a peacekeeping
force inMali. The SecurityCouncil had
previously been uncomfortablewith
France’s military interventioninMali.
OnWednesday,the French military
tookcontrol of the airport in Kidal, but a
sandstorm prevented troops frommov-
ing fartherinto the city,which is the
lasttownheld by theQaeda-linked
rebels. France is planning to quickly
hand over Kidal to a larger African
force, whosetask will betoroot out in-
surgentsintheir mountain redoubts.
U.N.envoys have said that sending in a
peacekeeping forcewould offerclear
advantages overanAfrican-ledforce,
as itwould beeasier to monitorhuman
rightscompliance.
(REUTERS)
LONDON
Cameron pledges to assist
security forces for Libya
PrimeMinisterDavid Cameron
pledged onThursday to help Libya’s
police and army as he made an unan-
nounced visittothe capital, Tripoli.
Mr. Cameron, fresh off a visittoAlge-
ria,where he achievedasecurity part-
nership, said Britain was prepared to
providetraining and advicetoLibya as
concerns about securitygrow in the re-
gion.
His office saidMr. Cameron would
hold bilateral talks in Libya and discuss
how Britain could help build a ‘‘strong,
prosperous, democratic’’ Libya. The
talks will explorewhat support and ex-
pertise Britain can offer to strengthen
security and defeatterrorism, Downing
Street added.Mr. Cameron’s visit came
just days afterThe British Foreign Of-
ficewarned ofapotential threattothe
British Embassy in Tripoli.
(AP)
JOHANNESBURG
150 are injured as train hits another
At least 150 peoplewere injured on
Thursday whenacommuter train
crashedinto anotherstationary one
near Pretoria,emergency services offi-
cials said. The accident happenednear
Attridgeville. ‘‘There are 20 people in
seriouscondition and one, the driver of
the second train, is in a critical condi-
tion,’ ’ an official said.
(REUTERS)
BYMICHAEL D. SHEAR
ANDMARK LANDLER
As the specifics of immigrationlegisla-
tion take shapeon Capitol Hill,Presi-
dent Barack Obama is making it clear
that hewants the overhaul on his terms.
Officials in theWhite House are con-
vinced thatthe politics of the immigra-
NEWS ANALYSIS
Your opinions and ideas about
the International Herald Tribune
are important to us. That’s why
we would like you to join our new
IHT Insight Panel
.
tionissue have firmly shiftedintheir di-
rection. That beliefis ueling the
president’spush forquick action and
broad changes that go beyond whatthe
Republicans are signaling would be ac-
ceptable if theyaretoback legislation
that allowsapath to citizenship for mil-
lions ofillegal immigrants.
The administration’sconfidence—
which was communicated to immigra-
tionadvocatesinaseries ofconference
calls and meetings in the pastweek — is
rootedinthe sense among the presi-
dent’spolitical advisers thatRepublicans
areeager to embrace broad immigration
changesasaway of improving their elec-
toral appeal among Hispanic voters.
‘‘We’re giving themsome space,’’ said
DanPfeiffer, asenioradviser to the pres-
ident. In the meantime, he said, ‘‘we’re
going to continue tomakethe casetothe
country about why immigrationreform
should be done and to put pressureon
Republicans thattheyneed to do it.’’
While aidessayMr.Obama is open to
some negotiation over the contours of
the immigration changeshe laid out
Tuesday in Las Vegas, senior adminis-
tration officials are convinced thatthere
is little risk in pushing hard for Mr.
Obama’s immigration priorities, betting
thatthe Republicans will think twice
about voting down a bill championedby
apresidentwho is highly popular
Even if you took part in last year’s
survey, we would urge you to
participate in this new 2013 panel.
Registration is quick and simple
and you could win $1,000 by
taking part in future surveys.
To find out more and register, visit
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How do
ROBERT GALBRAITH/REUTERS
New U.S. citizens at a ceremony in San
Francisco. The president wants more im-
migrants to be eligible for citizenship.
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