index, Ekonomia UG, 1 rok, Statystyka
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
TRANSPARENCY
INTERNATIONAL
CORRUPTION
PERCEPTIONS
INDEX 2010
www.transparency.org
the global coalition against corruption
Transparency International (TI) is the global civil society organisation leading
the fight against corruption. Through more than 90 chapters worldwide and an
international secretariat in Berlin, TI raises awareness of the damaging effects
of corruption and works with partners in government, business and civil society
to develop and implement effective measures to tackle it.
CONTENTS
2010 RESULTS
2
WHAT IS THE CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX? 4
2010 FACTS
5
VISUALISING THE CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX
6
RESULTS BY REGION
AMERICAS
8
ASIAPACIFIC
9
EASTERNEUROPEANDCENTRALASIA
10
EUROPEANUNIONANDWESTERNEUROPE
11
MIDDLEEASTANDNORTHAFRICA
12
SUB-SAHARANAFRICA
13
ANNEX A: SHORTMETHODOLOGICALNOTE
15
ANNEX B: SOURCESOFINFORMATION
16
www.transparency.org
Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was
believed to be correct as of October 2010. Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility
for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts.
ISBN: 978-3-935711-60-9
©2010 Transparency International. All rights reserved.
Design: Sophie Everett
Printed on 100% recycled paper.
TRANSPARENCY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY ARE
CRITICAL TO RESTORING
TRUST AND TURNING
BACK THE TIDE OF
CORRUPTION
2010 CPI Score
Very
Clean
9.0 - 10.0
8.0 - 8.9
7.0 - 7.9
6.0 - 6.9
5.0 - 5.9
4.0 - 4.9
3.0 - 3.9
2.0 -2.9
1.0 - 1.9
0.0 - 0.9
No data
With governments committing huge sums to tackle the
world’s most pressing problems, from the instability
of inancial markets to climate change and poverty,
corruption remains an obstacle to achieving much
needed progress.
Highly
Corrupt
The 2010
Corruption Perceptions Index
shows that
nearly three quarters of the 178 countries in the index
score below ive, on a scale from 10 (very clean) to
0 (highly corrupt). These results indicate a serious
corruption problem.
RANK
COUNTRY/
TERRITORY
SCORE
RANK
COUNTRY/
TERRITORY
SCORE
RANK
COUNTRY/
TERRITORY
SCORE
To address these challenges, governments need to
integrate anti-corruption measures in all spheres, from
their responses to the inancial crisis and climate change
to commitments by the international community to
eradicate poverty. Transparency International advocates
stricter implementation of the UN Convention against
Corruption, the only global initiative that provides a
framework for putting an end to corruption.
1
Denmark 9.3
1
New Zealand 9.3
1
Singapore 9.3
4
Finland 9.2
4
Sweden 9.2
6
Canada 8.9
7
Netherlands 8.8
8
Australia 8.7
8
Switzerland 8.7
10
Norway 8.6
11
Iceland 8.5
11
Luxembourg 8.5
13
Hong Kong 8.4
14
Ireland 8.0
15
Austria 7.9
15
Germany 7.9
17
Barbados 7.8
17
Japan 7.8
19
Qatar 7.7
20
United Kingdom 7.6
21
Chile 7.2
22
Belgium 7.1
22
United States 7.1
24
Uruguay 6.9
25
France 6.8
26
Estonia 6.5
27
Slovenia 6.4
28
Cyprus 6.3
28
United Arab Emirates 6.3
30
Israel
30
Spain
6.1
59
Tunisia 4.3
62
Croatia 4.1
62
FYR Macedonia 4.1
62
Ghana 4.1
62
Samoa 4.1
66
Rwanda 4.0
67
Italy 3.9
68
Georgia 3.8
69
Brazil 3.7
69
Cuba 3.7
69
Montenegro 3.7
69
Romania 3.7
73
Bulgaria 3.6
73
El Salvador 3.6
73
Panama 3.6
73
Trinidad and Tobago 3.6
73
Vanuatu
91
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
3.2
91
Djibouti 3.2
91
Gambia 3.2
91
Guatemala 3.2
91
Kiribati 3.2
91
Sri Lanka 3.2
91
Swaziland 3.2
98
Burkina Faso 3.1
98
Egypt 3.1
98
Mexico 3.1
101
Dominican Republic 3.0
101
Sao Tome & Principe 3.0
101
Tonga 3.0
101
Zambia 3.0
105
Algeria 2.9
105
Argentina 2.9
105
Kazakhstan 2.9
105
Moldova 2.9
105
Senegal 2.9
110
Benin 2.8
110
Bolivia 2.8
110
Gabon 2.8
110
Indonesia 2.8
110
Kosovo 2.8
110
Solomon Islands 2.8
116
Ethiopia
116
Mozambique
2.7
146
Libya
2.2
32
Portugal
6.0
116
Tanzania
2.7
146
Nepal
2.2
33
Botswana
5.8
116
Vietnam
2.7
146
Paraguay
2.2
33
Puerto Rico
5.8
123
Armenia
2.6
146
Yemen
2.2
33
Taiwan
5.8
123
Eritrea
2.6
154
Cambodia
2.1
36
Bhutan
5.7
123
Madagascar
2.6
154
Central African
Republic
2.1
37
Malta
5.6
123
Niger
2.6
38
Brunei
5.5
127
Belarus
2.5
154
Comoros 2.1
154
Congo-Brazzaville 2.1
154
Guinea-Bissau 2.1
154
Kenya 2.1
154
Laos 2.1
154
Papua New Guinea 2.1
154
Russia
39
Korea (South)
5.4
127
Ecuador
2.5
39
Mauritius
5.4
127
Lebanon
2.5
Denmark, New Zealand and Singapore are tied at the
top of the list with a score of 9.3, followed closely by
Finland and Sweden at 9.2. At the bottom is Somalia
with a score of 1.1, slightly trailing Myanmar and
Afghanistan at 1.4 and Iraq at 1.5.
41
Costa Rica
5.3
127
Nicaragua
2.5
41
Oman
5.3
127
Syria
2.5
41
Poland
5.3
127
Timor-Leste
2.5
2.1
44
Dominica
5.2
127
Uganda
2.5
154
Tajikistan
2.1
45
Cape Verde
5.1
134
Azerbaijan
2.4
164
Democratic Republic
of the Congo
2.0
46
Lithuania
5.0
134
Bangladesh
2.4
46
Macau
5.0
3.6
134
Honduras
2.4
164
Guinea 2.0
164
Kyrgyzstan 2.0
164
Venezuela 2.0
168
Angola 1.9
168
Equatorial Guinea 1.9
170
Burundi
Notable among decliners over the past year are some
of the countries most affected by a inancial crisis
precipitated by transparency and integrity deicits.
Among those improving in the past year, the general
absence of OECD states underlines the fact that
all nations need to bolster their good governance
mechanisms.
48
Bahrain
4.9
78
China
3.5
134
Nigeria
2.4
49
Seychelles
4.8
78
Colombia
3.5
134
Philippines
2.4
50
Hungary
4.7
78
Greece
3.5
134
Sierra Leone
2.4
50
Jordan
4.7
78
Lesotho
3.5
134
Togo
2.4
50
Saudi Arabia
4.7
78
Peru
3.5
134
Ukraine
2.4
1.8
53
Czech Republic
4.6
78
Serbia
3.5
134
Zimbabwe
2.4
171
Chad
1.7
54
Kuwait
4.5
78
Thailand
3.5
143
Maldives
2.3
172
Sudan
1.6
54
South Africa
4.5
85
Malawi
3.4
143
Mauritania
2.3
172
Turkmenistan
1.6
56
Malaysia
4.4
85
Morocco
3.4
143
Pakistan
2.3
The message is clear: across the globe, transparency
and accountability are critical to restoring trust and
turning back the tide of corruption. Without them,
global policy solutions to many global crises are at risk.
172
Uzbekistan
1.6
2.7
56
Namibia
4.4
87
Albania
3.3
146
Cameroon
2.2
175
Iraq
1.5
116
Guyana
2.7
56
Turkey
4.4
87
India
3.3
146
Côte d'Ivoire
2.2
176
Afghanistan
1.4
116
Mali
2.7
59
Latvia
4.3
87
Jamaica
3.3
146
Haiti
2.2
176
Myanmar
1.4
116
Mongolia
2.7
6.1
59
Slovakia
4.3
87
Liberia
3.3
146
Iran
2.2
178
Somalia
1.1
2
Transparency International
Corruption Perceptions Index 2010
3
2010 FACTS
The 2010 CPI measures the degree to which public
sector corruption is perceived to exist in 178 countries
around the world. It scores countries on a scale from
10 (very clean) to 0 (highly corrupt).
WHAT IS THE CORRUPTION
PERCEPTIONS INDEX?
The 2010 results are drawn from 13 surveys and
assessments published between January 2009 and
September 2010.
The 2010 CPI covers two countries fewer than last
year’s edition. The slight change resulted from individual
sources adjusting the range of countries they assess.
These adjustments in coverage made it possible to
include Kosovo for the irst time, but led to the exclusion
of Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and
Suriname, for which only two sources of information were
available this year.
Transparency International (TI) deines corruption as the abuse of entrusted
power for private gain. This deinition encompasses corrupt practices in both
the public and private sectors. The
Corruption Perceptions Index
(CPI) ranks
countries according to perception of corruption in the public sector. The CPI
is an aggregate indicator that combines different sources of information about
corruption, making it possible to compare countries.
Given its methodology, the CPI is not a tool that is
suitable for trend analysis or for monitoring changes in the
perceived levels of corruption over time for all countries.
Year-to-year changes in a country/territory’s score can
result from a change in the perceptions of a country’s
performance, a change in the ranking provided by original
sources or changes in the methodology resulting from TI’s
efforts to improve the index.
The 2010 CPI draws on different assessments and business opinion surveys
carried out by independent and reputable institutions
1
. It captures information
about the administrative and political aspects of corruption. Broadly speaking,
the surveys and assessments used to compile the index include questions
relating to bribery of public oficials, kickbacks in public procurement,
embezzlement of public funds, and questions that probe the strength and
effectiveness of public sector anti-corruption efforts.
For a country or territory to be included in the index a minimum of three of
the sources that TI uses must assess that country. Thus inclusion in the index
depends solely on the availability of information.
If a country is featured in one or more speciic data
sources for both of the last two CPIs (2009 CPI and 2010
CPI), those sources can be used to identify whether there
has been a change in perceived levels of corruption in
that particular country compared to the previous year.
TI has used this approach in 2010 to assess country
progress over the past year and to identify what can be
considered to be a change in perceptions of corruption.
These assessments use two criteria:
(a) there is a year-on-year change of at least 0.3 points in
a country’s CPI score, and
(b) the direction of this change is conirmed by more than
half of the data sources evaluating that country.
Perceptions are used because corruption – whether frequency or amount
– is to a great extent a hidden activity that is dificult to measure. Over time,
perceptions have proved to be a reliable estimate of corruption. Measuring
scandals, investigations or prosecutions, while offering ‘non-perception’ data,
relect less on the prevalence of corruption in a country and more on other
factors, such as freedom of the press or the eficiency of the judicial system.
TI considers it of critical importance to measure both corruption and integrity,
and to do so in the public and private sectors at global, national and local
levels.
2
The CPI is therefore one of many TI measurement tools that serve
the ight against corruption.
1
For detailed information on the sources of information please see Annex B
and visit our website at www. transparency.org/cpi
2
Examples include National Integrity System assessments, which evaluate the degree of
integrity, transparency and accountability in a country’s anti-corruption institutions, and the
Bribe Payers Index, which evaluates expert views of the supply of foreign bribery.
Based on these criteria, the following countries showed
an improvement from 2009 to 2010: Bhutan, Chile, Ecuador,
FYR Macedonia, Gambia, Haiti, Jamaica, Kuwait and
Qatar. The following countries showed deterioration from
2009 to 2010: the Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Madagascar, Niger and the United States.
4
Transparency International
Corruption Perceptions Index 2010
5
VISUALISING THE
CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX
DENMARK NEW ZEALAND SINGAPORE FINLAND SWEDEN
CANADA NETHERLANDS AUSTRALIA SWITZERLAND NORWAY
ICELAND LUXEMBOURG HONG KONG IRELAND
AUSTRIA GERMANY BARBADOS JAPAN QATAR
UNITED KINGDOM CHILE BELGIUM UNITED STATES
URUGUAY FRANCE ESTONIA SLOVENIA CYPRUS
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES ISRAEL SPAIN PORTUGAL
BOTSWANA PUERTO RICO TAIWAN BHUTAN MALTA
BRUNEI KOREA(SOUTH) MAURITIUS COSTA RICA OMAN
POLAND DOMINICA CAPE VERDE LITHUANIA MACAU
BAHRAIN SEYCHELLES HUNGARY JORDAN SAUDI ARABIA
CZECH REPUBLIC KUWAIT SOUTH AFRICA MALAYSIA
NAMIBIA TURKEY LATVIA SLOVAKIA TUNISIA CROATIA
FYR MACEDONIA GHANA SAMOA RWANDA
ITALY GEORGIA BRAZIL CUBA MONTENEGRO ROMANIA
BULGARIA EL SALVADOR PANAMA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
VANUATU CHINA COLOMBIA GREECE LESOTHO PERU
SERBIA THAILAND MALAWI MOROCCO ALBANIA INDIA
JAMAICA LIBERIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA DJIBOUTI
GAMBIA GUATEMALA KIRIBATI SRI LANKA SWAZILAND
BURKINA FASO EGYPT MEXICO DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE TONGA ZAMBIA
2010 CPI Score
Very
Clean
9.0 - 10.0
8.0 - 8.9
7.0 - 7.9
6.0 - 6.9
5.0 - 5.9
4.0 - 4.9
3.0 - 3.9
2.0 -2.9
1.0 - 1.9
0.0 - 0.9
Highly
Corrupt
ALGERIA ARGENTINA KAZAKHSTAN MOLDOVA
SENEGAL BENIN BOLIVIA GABON INDONESIA KOSOVO
SOLOMON ISLANDS ETHIOPIA GUYANA MALI MONGOLIA
MOZAMBIQUE TANZANIA VIETNAM ARMENIA ERITREA
MADAGASCAR NIGER BELARUS ECUADOR LEBANON
NICARAGUA SYRIA TIMOR-LESTE UGANDA AZERBAIJAN
BANGLADESH HONDURAS NIGERIA PHILIPPINES
SIERRA LEONE TOGO UKRAINE ZIMBABWE MALDIVES
MAURITANIA PAKISTAN CAMEROON CÔTE D´IVOIRE
HAITI IRAN LIBYA NEPAL PARAGUAY YEMEN CAMBODIA
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC COMOROS CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE
GUINEA-BISSAU KENYA LAOS PAPUA NEW GUINEA RUSSIA
TAJIKISTAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
GUINEA KYRGYZSTAN VENEZUELA
ANGOLA EQUATORIAL GUINEA BURUNDI CHAD SUDAN TURKMENISTAN
UZBEKISTAN IRAQ AFGHANISTAN MYANMAR SOMALIA
Countries appear in order of rank. Please see country
listing on p. 2 for exact country scoring and ranking.
6
Transparency International
Corruption Perceptions Index 2010
7
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]